교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
Most of my predecessors in this place have commended him who made this speech part of the law, telling us that it is well that it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle. For myself, I should have thought that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds; such as you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost.
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[본문해석]
Most of my predecessors in this place(이곳 아테네의 대부분의 제 선배님들은) have commended him who made this speech part of the law(이 추도사를 법의 일부로 만들었던 그를 칭송해 왔습니다), telling us that it is well that it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle(전쟁에서 죽은 사람들의 장례식에서 이것이(추도사가) 낭송되는 것은 적절하다고 우리에게 말씀하십니다). For myself(저로서), I should have thought(저는 생각이 짧았습니다) that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds(행동으로 보여준 가치는) would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds(국가를 위해 목숨을 바친 명예로 인해 충분히 보상을 받을 것입니다); such as(이를테면) you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost(여러분은 그 사람들의 희생을 추모하기 위한 이 장례식에서 지금 목격하고 있는 것입니다).
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[문법분석]
Most of[대부분] my predecessors in this place[이곳, 아테네] have commended[현재완료의 계속, ~칭찬해 오고 있다] him who[관계 대명사] made A[this speech] B[part of the law][make A B : 5형식, A를 B로 만들다, 이 연설(추도사)을 법의 일부로 만들었다)], telling us[and have told us] that it[가주어] is well[형용사, 적절한] that[진주어] it[=this speech, 추도사] should be delivered[it가 주어이므로 수동태, 이것이 낭송되어져야 하다] at[전치사, 장소] the burial[매장식에서, 장례식에서] of those who fall in battle[전쟁에서 죽은 사람들]. For myself[for+재귀대명사], I should have thought[should + have + p.p:(과거를 후회, 유감)~했어야만 했다] that the worth which[관계대명사] had displayed[과거완료시제] itself[죽음] in deeds[죽음을 행동으로 보여준 가치, 목숨을 바친] would[과거시제, ~일 것이다] be sufficiently[부사, rewarded를 수식] rewarded[주어 the worth가 사물이므로 ‘수동태’] by honors (which were) also shown by deeds[행동으로 보여준 명예]; such as[말의 계속을 재촉하는 용법] you now see[목격하다, 경험하다] in this funeral (which is) prepared at the people’s cost(사람들의 희생을 추모하기 위해 준비된 장례식에서).
[단어분석]
†predecessor [prédisèsər] n. 전임자([opp.] successor); 선배; 선행자; / †commend [kəménd] vt. ① 칭찬하다(praise). ② 권하다. ③ 위탁하다(to). / ‡burial [bériəl] n. 매장, 매장식. / ‡deed [diːd] n. ① 행위, 소위(所爲). [SYN.] ⇨ ACT. ② 실행; U,C 사실(reality). ③ 공훈, 공적. / ‡sufficient [səfíʃənt] a. ① 충분한, 족한(for). [cf.] deficient. [SYN.] ⇨ ENOUGH. / ‡reward [riwɔ́ːrd] v. ―vt. ① ┅에게 보답하다; 보수를[상을] 주다(for; with). ② (행위에) 앙갚음하다, 보복하다, 벌하다. ―vi. 보답하다. /
[동의어/반의어]
commend v. acclaim[əkléim], applaud[əplɔ́ːd], compliment[kɑ́mpləmənt], extol[ikstóul], praise[preiz], advocate[ǽdvəkit], approve[əprúːv], endorse[endɔ́ːrs]승인하다, 선전하다, promote[prəmóut], recommend[rèkəménd, commit[kəmít], confide[kənfáid], entrust[entrʌ́st] ant. criticize[krítisàiz], condemn[kəndém] withhold[wiðhóul]
And I could have wished that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill. For it is hard to speak properly upon a subject where it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth. On the one hand, the friend who is familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve; on the other, he who is a stranger to the matter may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration if he hears anything above his own nature.
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[본문해석]
And I could have wished(그리고 저는 소망했던 것 같습니다) that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual(~ 많은 용맹스런 사람들의 명성이 한 개인의 입을 통해 위험에 빠지지 않기를), to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill(그가 칭송이나 험담을 하는 것에 따라 명예롭거나 불명예스런). For it is hard to speak properly upon a subject(왜냐하면 ~ 한 주제에 관해 적절히 말하기는 어렵기 때문입니다) where it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth(여러분의 청중에게 당신이 지금 진실을 말하고 있다고 납득시키기가 아주 어려운). On the one hand(한편으로), the friend who is familiar with every fact of the story may think(그 이야기의 분명한 진실에 알고 있는 그 친구는 ~ 라고 생각할 것 같습니다) that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve(그가 그럴만하다고 바라고 아는 것이 그렇게 완벽하게 언급되지 않았다); on the other(다른 한편으로), he who is a stranger to the matter(그 문제에 생소한 그는) may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration(과장됨을 의심하는 부러움에 사로잡힐 것 같습니다) if he hears anything above his own nature(만일 그가 자신을 과장하는 것을 듣는다면).
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[문법분석]
And I could have wished[~이었을는지도 모른다(현재에서 본 과거의 추측]. that the reputations of many brave men[많은 용맹한 사람들의 명성] were not to[be to의 용법 중, 가능(~하고 싶어 하지 않다)] be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual[한 개인의 말을 통해 위험에 빠지는], to stand or fall[살거나 죽거나, 명예롭거나 불명예스런] according as[접속사, ~에 따라] he spoke well or ill[칭찬이나 험담하다]. For[접속사=because] it[가주어] is hard to speak[진주어] properly upon a subject[한 주제에 관해 적절히 말하다] where[관계부사] it[가주어] is even difficult to convince[진주어, convince A that B : A를 B로 납득시키다.] your hearers that you are speaking the truth. On the one hand, the friend who[주격 관계대명사, 그 모든 진실을 알고 있는 친구] is familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth[핵심이 빠져있다] with that fullness[with+명사=부사구, 아주 완전히] which[관계대명사의 선행사는 some point] he wishes and knows it to deserve[그럴만한 가치가 있다]; on the other (hand)[다른 한편으로], he who is a stranger to the matter[그 문제를 모르는 친구] may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration[과장됨을 알면서도 은근히 좋아하는 뜻] if he hears anything above his own nature.
[단어분석]
‡reputation [rèpjətéiʃ-ən] n. U,C ① 평판, 세평. ② 명성, 신망, 호평. / imperil[impéril] vt. (생명·재산 따위를) 위태롭게 하다, 위험하게 하다(endanger). / according as (conj.) (┅함)에 따라서; ┅에 응해서(뒤에 clause) / ‡convince [kənvíns] vt. +목+전+명/ +목+that절』 ┅에게 납득시키다 / ♣set forth ⑴ 출발하다: ⑵ 진열하다, 설명하다 / ‡suspect [səspékt] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+to be 보/ +(that)절』 ┅이 아닌가 의심하다 / †exaggeration[igzæ̀dʒəréiʃən] n. ① U 과장, ② C 과장적 표현. /
[동의어/반의어]
imperil v. compromise[kɑ́mprəmàiz], endanger[endéindʒər], hazard[hǽzərd], jeopardize[dʒépərdàiz], risk[risk] ant. protect[prətékt]
exaggeration n. hyperbole[haipə́ːrbəl̀i, overstatement[òuvərstéitmənt], aggrandizement[əgrǽndaimənt], embellishment[imbéliʃmənt], enhancement[enhǽnsmənt] ant. understatement[ʌ̀ndərstéimənt] minimizing[mínəmàiziŋ]
For men can endure to hear others praised only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted: when this point is passed, envy comes in and with it incredulity. However, since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval, it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may.
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[본문해석]
For men can endure to hear others praised(왜냐하면 사람들은 다른 사람들이 칭찬받는 것을 듣는 것을 감수할 수 있기 때문이다) only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted(단지 열거되는 그 행위에 필적하는 그들 행위에 여러 번 설득당하는 동안): when this point is passed(이런 시점이 지나갔을 때), envy comes in and with it incredulity(부러움은 불신으로 바뀌게 됩니다). However, since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval(그러나 우리의 조상님들은 이러한 관습을 묵인하셨기에), it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may(제가 최선을 다해 법을 준수하면서 여러분의 여러 소망과 의견을 만족시키고자 노력하는 것이 저의 임무임을 말씀드립니다).
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[문법분석]
For[=because] men can endure to hear others praised[others와 praised는 수동형 관계, 칭찬받은 사람들] only so long as[접속사, 단지 ~하는 동안만] they can severally persuade themselves of[납득당하다] their own ability to[to부정사의 형용사적 용법, ~할 능력] equal the actions (which are) recounted: when[접속사, =after] this point is passed, envy comes in and with it[=envy] incredulity (comes). However, since[접속사, 완료형, ~이후로 내내] our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval[이런 관습을 그들의 승인으로 받아 드리다(묵인하다)], it[가주어] becomes my duty to obey[진주어] the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may[추도사에서 최선을 다해 전쟁터에서 죽어간 영웅들을 기린다는 뜻].
[단어분석]
‡endure [endjúər] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +-ing/ +to do』 (사람·물건이) 견디다, 인내하다; 「주로 부정문」 ┅을 참다. [SYN.] ⇨ BEAR. ② (고난 따위를) 경험하다, 받다. / ‡equal [íːkwəl] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ┅과 같다; ┅에 필적하다, ┅에 못지않다. / †recount [rikáunt] vt. 자세히 얘기하다 차례대로 얘기하다; 하나하나 열거하다. / incredulity[ìnkridjúːləti] n. U 쉽사리 믿지 않음, 의심이 많음, 회의심. / ⁂stamp[stæmp] v. (마음 등에) (인상·생각 등을) 새겨넣다(with);
[동의어/반의어]
endure v. abide, continue, outlast, persist, remain, bear, suffer, survive, tolerate, undergo ant. decay enjoy
I shall begin with our ancestors: it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present. They dwelt in the country without break in the succession from generation to generation, and handed it down free to the present time by their valor. And if our more remote ancestors deserve praise, much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess, and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation.
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[본문해석]
I shall begin with our ancestors(저희 조상님들의 이야기로 시작하려 합니다): it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present(그들이 현재와 같은 추도식을 우선 명예로 언급해야 함이 옳고 적절하다 사료됩니다). They dwelt in the country without break in the succession from generation to generation(그들은 연속된 세대 간의 계승에서 휴식 없이 이 나라를 떠나지 않으셨고), and handed it down free to the present time by their valor(그들의 용맹함으로 기꺼이 현재 우리에게 물려 주셨습니다). And if our more remote ancestors deserve praise(그리고 만일 우리의 먼먼 조상님들을 칭송하고자 한다면), much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess(지금 우리가 간직하고 있는 제국을 물려주시고), and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation(현 우리 세대에 그들의 유산을 물려주시고자 고통을 감내하신 우리 아버님들에게 먼저 칭송하는 것이 도리일 것입니다).
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[문법분석]
I shall[결의의 객관적인 표현, 꼭 ~한다] begin with[~로 시작하다] our ancestors: it[가주어] is both just and proper[both A and B : A와 B 모두] that[진주어] they should have the honor of the first mention on[~에 관한 우선적인 언급] an occasion like[전치사, ~같은 때] the present[오늘, 현재]. They[=our ancestors] dwelt[dwell의 과거형] in the country without break[휴식 없이] in the succession from generation to generation[연속된 세대교체], and handed it[=the succession] down[물려주다] free[부사로 hand it down을 수식, 기꺼이] to[전치사로 방향, ~으로] the present time by their valor[그들의 용맹함으로]. And if[조건절, 만일 ~라면] our more remote ancestors[먼먼 조상님들] deserve praise, much more do[=deserve praise] our own fathers, who added[add의 목적어는 the empire, add A to B : A를 B에 더하다] to their inheritance the empire which[관계대명사] we now possess[목적어는 the empire], and (who) spared no pains to be able to leave A[their acquisitions] B[to us of the present generation][leave A to B : B에게 A를 물려주다].
[단어분석]
‡mention[ménʃən] n. ① U 기재(記載), 언급, 진술, 이름을 듦. / ‡dwell[dwel] vi. (p., pp. dwelt [-t], dwelled [-d, -t]) ① 『+전+명』 살다, 거주하다(live)(at; in; near; on; among). / ‡succession [səkséʃən] n. ① U,C 연속; 연속물. [SYN.] ⇨ SERIES. / ⁂free[friː] a. (freer [fríːər]; freest [fríːist]) ① 자유로운; 속박 없는. ② 구애되지[얽매이지] 않는. / †valor, 【영국】 -lour [vǽləər] n. U 용기, 용맹. [관련어] valiant ―a. / ‡inheritance[inhéritəns] n. ① U 〖법률〗 상속, 계승. / †acquisition[æ̀kwəzíʃən] n. ① U 취득, 획득; 습득, 손에 넣은 물건;
[동의어/반의어]
succession n. chain[tʃein], order[ɔ́ːrdər], progression[prəgréʃən], sequence[síːkwəns], series[sí-əriːz]
inheritance n. bequest[bikwést], birthright[bə́ːrɵrài]장자 상속권, endowment[endáumənt], estate[istéit], heritage[héritiʤ], legacy[légəsi]
acquisition n. gain[gein], accumulation[əkjùːmjəléiʃən] appropriation[əpròupriéiʃən], procurement[proukjúər, prə-], asset[ǽset], belonging[bilɔ́(ː)ŋiŋ], possession[pəzéʃən], property[prɑ́pərti]
ant. loss[lɔ(ː)s]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here, who are still more or less in the vigor of life; while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace. That part of our history which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or of the ready valour with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression, is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass it by.
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[본문해석]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here(끝으로 이곳에 있는 ~ 우리에게 확고부동한 우리의 관할권 지역들이 있습니다), who are still more or less in the vigor of life(여전히 다소 정렬적인 삶을 살고 있는); while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace(조국이 우리에 의해 전쟁시든 평화시든 자원에 의존할 수 있게 모든 것을 제공받는 동안). That part of our history(우리 역사의 그 부분은) which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions(우리에게 여러 소유권을 가져다준 군사적 업적이나), or of the ready valor with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression(우리나 우리의 아버지들이 그리스나 외세의 침공의 여파를 준비된 용맹으로 저지했던 것을 기록하는), is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on(여러분들에게 너무나 친숙하여 제가 부연 설명할 필요가 없는 주제이기에), and I shall therefore pass it by(그 이야기는 피하려 합니다).
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[문법분석]
Lastly, there are A[few] parts of our dominions that have B[not] been augmented by those of us here[few와 not으로 부정에 부정이 됨, 강한 긍정으로 해석, 이곳에 있는 우리가 더 이상의 논쟁할 필요가 없는 우리 주권의 영토], who are still more or less[다소간] in the vigor of life; while[접속사, ~하는 동안] A[the mother country] has been furnished by us B[with everything][A는 B를 제공받다] that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether[접속사, ~이든 아니든] (it is) for war or for peace. That part of our history[주어] which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or (which tells) of the ready valor with which[선행사는 the ready valor] either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression (with the ready valor), is[본동사] a theme A[too] familiar to my hearers for me B[to][부분부정, 너무 ~해서 ~할 수 없는] dilate on, and I shall[단순미래, ~할 것이다] therefore pass it by.
[단어분석]
†dominion [dəmínjən] n. ① U 지배[통치]권[력], 주권. ② U,C 지배, 통제(over); / ‡furnish [fə́ːrniʃ] v. 공급하다, 제공하다, 주다, 비치하다, 갖추다, 설비하다. / ‡stem v. (-mm-) ―vt. (반대 따위를) 저지하다, (흐름을) 막다; / Hellenic [helíːnik] n. U 그리스어족 / dilate [dailéit, di-] v. ―vi. 상세히 설명[부연]하다(on, upon). /
[동의어/반의어]
dominion n. authority[əɵɔ́ːriti], jurisdiction[dʒùərisdíkʃən], supremacy[səpréməsi], domain[douméin], empire[émpaiər], kingdom[kíŋdəm], land[lænd]
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [01~08]
Most of my predecessors in this place have commended Ⓐhim who made this speech part of the law, telling us that ①it is well that ②it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle. For myself, I ⑴should have thought that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds; such as you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost. And I ⑵could have wished that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill. For ③it is hard to speak properly upon a subject where ④it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth. Ⓑ , the friend who is ⑶familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve; on the other, he who is a stranger to the matter may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration if he hears ⑷anything above his own nature. For men can endure to hear others praised only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted: when this point is passed, ⑸envy comes in and with it incredulity. Ⓒ , since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval/disapproval, ⑤it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may. I shall begin with our ancestors: it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present. They dwelt in the country without break in the success/succession from generation to generation, and handed it down free to the present time by their valor. And if our more close/remote ancestors deserve praise, much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess, and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation.
1. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?1)
① It's essential to take care of audiences who are not
likely to believe what the addressor say about.
② It's the time we had to fight against the enemies who
objects to our tradition.
③ It's the holy duty we should take arms up and go into
battles.
④ It cannot too admire the dead in wars like our
ancestors's heritage.
⑤ It's not easy to follow up the predecessors' inheritance.
2. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?2)
① who rules the nation
② who addresses in the national events
③ who is one of our predecessors
④ who is a warrior with valor in wars
⑤ who is one of audiences in funeral
3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 쓰임이 다른 것은?3)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
4. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ⑴~⑸의 우리말 번역이 어색한 것은?4)
① ⑴ 생각했어야만 했다. 즉, 생각지 못함.
② ⑵ 소망했던 것 같다.
③ ⑶ 그 이야기의 진실을 알고 있는
④ ⑷ 자신에 대한 진심
⑤ ⑸ 질투가 불신으로 바뀜
5. 위 글에서 작가의 조상에 대한 태도는?5)
① challenge
② grievance
③ obedience
④ indifference
⑤ argumentation
6. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓑ, Ⓒ에 적절한 단어는?6)
① Therefore Meanwhile
② On the one hand However
③ Likewise Nevertheless
④ For example As a result
⑤ Additionally As a matter of fact
7. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?7)
① approval success close
② disapproval success remote
③ approval succession close
④ disapproval succession remote
⑤ approval succession remote
8. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?8)
① 국가를 위해 목숨을 바친 명예로 인해 충분히 보상을 받
을 것입니다.
② 많은 용맹스런 사람들의 명성이 한 개인의 입을 통해 위
험에 빠지지 않기를 바랍니다.
③ 열거되는 그 행위에 필적하는 그들 행위에 여러 번 설득
당하는 동안 사람들은 감수할 수 있습니다.
④ 현재와 같은 추도식을 우선 명예로 언급해야 함이 옳고
적절하다 사료됩니다.
⑤ 현 우리 세대에 그들의 유산을 물려주시고자 고통을 감
내하신 먼 조상님들에게 먼저 칭송하는 것이 도리일
것입니다
But what was the road by which we reached our position, what the form of government under which our greatness grew, what the national habits out of which it sprang; these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon these men; since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell, and to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage.
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[본문해석]
But what was the road by which we reached our position(그러나 우리가 현재의 위치에 도달한 것은 무엇 때문입니까), what the form of government under which our greatness grew(우리의 위대함이 정부의 형태에서 발전하도록 한 것은 무엇이었나요), what the national habits out of which it sprang(그것이(정부가) 국가의 기질 밖으로 겉돌게 한 것은 무엇이었나요); these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon these men(이런 것들이 제가 이분들에게 찬사를 하기 전 풀고자하는 문제들입니다); since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell(저는 이것이 현재의 상황 하에서 연설자가 적절히 숙고해야할 주제라 생각하고), and to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage(시민이든 외국인이든 이곳에 모인 전 군중들이 옳게 귀기울여할 주제라 생각하기 때문입니다).
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[문법분석]
But what was the road by which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the road] we reached our position (by the road), what (was) the form of government under which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the form of government] our greatness grew (under the form of government), what (was) the national habits out of which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the national habits] it sprang (out of the national habits); these are questions which I may try to solve[목적어는 questions] before I proceed to[to를 수반하여, ~로 나아가다] my panegyric upon these men[조국을 위해 목숨을 바친 사람들]; since[=because] I think this to be a subject upon which[관계대명사의 선행사는 a subject] on the present occasion[현재의 상황 하에서] a speaker may properly dwell (upon a subject), and to which the whole assemblage, whether[접속사로 삽입절] citizens or foreigners[시민이든 외국인이든], may listen (to a subject) with advantage[with+명사=부사구, 편의상, 이점을 갖고].
[단어분석]
⁂spring [spriŋ]v. (sprang [spræŋ], sprung [sprʌŋ]; sprung) ―vi. ① 『+부/+전+명』 튀다(leap), 도약하다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰어오르다(jump). [SYN.] ⇨ JUMP. / ‡proceed [prousíːd] vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 앞으로 나아가다, (┅에) 이르다(to) [SYN.] ⇨ ADVANCE. / panegyric [pæ̀nədʒírik, -ʤái-] n. 찬사; 과장된[형식적인] 칭찬의 말(upon). / †assemblage [əsémblidʒ] n. 집단; 집합, 집회;
[동의어/반의어]
advantage n. benefit[bénəfit], blessing[blésiŋ], boon[buːn], privilege[prívəlidʒ], allowance[əláuəns], edge[edʒ], handicap[hǽndikæ̀p], odds[ɑdz/ɔdz], gain[gein], interest[íntərist], profit [prɑ́fit]
ant. curse[kəːrs], disadvantage[dìsədvǽntidʒ]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; if no social standing, advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition.
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[본문해석]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states(우리의 헌법은 이웃나라의 법을 모방하지 않습니다); we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves(우리는 모방자가 아닌 오히려 다른 사람들에게 귀감이 됩니다). Its administration favors the many instead of the few(우리나라의 행정조직은 소수대신 다수를 선호합니다); this is why it is called a democracy(이것이 민주주의라 불리는 이유입니다). If we look to the laws(만일 우리가 법에 의지한다면), they afford equal justice to all in their private differences(법은 서로 다른 모두에게 동등한 정의를 제공합니다); if no social standing(만일 사회적 신분이 없다면), advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity(국민들 사이에서 출세는 능력 있는 명성을 추구하여), class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit(장점에 방해를 허락지 않는 계급의 중요성이 인식되게 됩니다); nor again does poverty bar the way(또한 다시금 가난이 그 길을 방해하지 않습니다), if a man is able to serve the state(만일 누군가가 국가에 봉사할 수 있다면), he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition(그는 자신의 낮은 신분으로 인한 방해를 받지 않습니다).
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[문법분석]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others[오히려 다른 사람에게 귀감이 됨] than imitators[모방자가 아닌] ourselves[우리 스스로]. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why[~라는 결과] it is called a democracy. If we look to[의지하다] the laws, they afford[~할 여유가 있다] equal justice to all in their private differences[서로 다른 개인들]; if (there is) no social standing, advancement in public life falls to[시작하다] reputation for capacity[명성을 추구], class considerations[계급의 중요성] not being allowed to interfere with[방해하다] merit; nor again does[도치됨] poverty[or again poverty does not] bar[방해하다] the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by[~로 방해 받지 않다] the obscurity of his condition[자시의 낮은 신분].
[단어분석]
‡constitution[kɑ̀nstətjúːʃən / kɔ̀n-] n. ① U 구성(構成), 조성; 구조, 조직(of); 본질, 골자. ② U,C (국가의 구성으로서의) 정체; (국가 조직을 규정하는) 헌법. / imitator[ímitèitər] n. 모방자, 모조자. / ‡pattern [pǽtərn] n. ① 모범, 본보기, 귀감. / administration[ædmìnəstréiʃən, əd-] n. U 행정, 통치; 행정[통치] 기간[임기]. / †standing[stǽndiŋ] n. C,U 입장, 지위, 신분; C,U 명성, 평판. / ‡interfere[ìntərfíər] vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 간섭하다, 말참견하다(in). ② 『∼ / +전+명』 훼방놓다, 방해하다; 저촉하다; 해(害)치다(with). ③ 『∼ / +전+명』 (이해 따위가) 충돌[대립]하다(with). / ‡poverty[pɑ́vərti] n. U ① 가난, 빈곤([opp.] wealth). ② 결핍, 부족(of; in). ③ 열등, 빈약. / ‡hinder[híndər] v. ―vt. 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① 방해하다, 훼방하다(in). ② ┅의 방해를 하다; 지체케 하다, 늦게 하다. / †obscurity [əbskjúərəti] n. U,C ① 어두컴컴함; 어둑한 곳. ② 불명료; 모호한 점, 난해한 곳. ③ 세상에 알려지지 않음; 무명(인); 낮은 신분; 궁벽한 땅. /
[동의어/반의어]
interfere v. butt[bʌt] in, disrupt[disrʌ́pt], intervene[ìntərvíːn], intrude[intrúːd], meddle[médl, hinder[híndər], impede[impíːd], interrupt[ìntərʌ́p], obstruct[əbstrʌ́kt]
ant. aid[eid]
The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.
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[본문해석]
The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life(우리 정부에서 우리가 누리고 있는 자유는 일상적인 생활에까지 또한 미칩니다). There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other(서로에 대한 질투어린 감시에 개의치 않고) we do not feel called upon(그의 방문에 겁먹을 필요도 없습니다) to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes(우리는 그가 좋아하는 것을 한다고 이웃에게 화를 내서), or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive(또는 심지어 불쾌한 그런 해가되는 모습을 보인다고), although they inflict no positive penalty(비록 그들이 실제적인 처벌을 가하지 않더라도). But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens(그러나 우리의 개인 관계에서 모든 이 여유는 시민으로서 우리가 법이 필요 없는 것은 아닙니다). Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws(우리의 주요한 안전장치는 이런 두려움에 반해 우리에게 법을 준수하는 것을 가르치고 있습니다), particularly such as regard the protection of the injured(특히 이를테면 약자를 보호하는 것입니다), whether they are actually on the statute book(법이 실제로 성문법으로 존재하든), or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace(또는 비록 성문화되어있진 않지만, 인식된 불명예 없인 파기될 수 없는 법규에 속하든지).
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[문법분석]
The freedom which we enjoy[목적어는 the freedom] in our government extends also to[~까지 미치다] our ordinary life. There, far from[=without] exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon[방문을 받을 느낌을 갖을 필요가 없다] to be angry[to부정사의 원인, ~화를 낸다 해서] with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in[to부정사의 원인, ~즐긴다 해서] those injurious looks which cannot fail to[=can] be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless[법을 지킬 필요가 없다] as citizens. Against this fear[전치사구] is[동사] our chief safeguard[주어], teaching[동사] us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as[특히 이를테면] (and teaching us to) regard the protection of the injured, whether[접속사, ~인지 아닌지] they are actually on the statute book[성문법이든], or belong to that code which, although unwritten[성문법이 아닐지라도], yet cannot be broken[=keep] without acknowledged disgrace[법의 파기가 인정된 경우를 제외하고].
[단어분석]
‡extend[iksténd] v. ―vt. (영토 등을) 확장하다, 확대하다; (세력 따위를) 펴다, 미치다; / ‡jealous[dʒéləs] a. ① 질투심이 많은, 투기가 강한(of). ② 시샘하는, 선망하는(envious)(of). / surveillance[sərvéiləns, -ljəns] n. U 감시; 감독. / †injurious[indʒúəriəs] a. ① 해가 되는, 유해한(to). ② 불법의, 부정한. / ‡offensive[əfénsiv] a. ① 불쾌한, 싫은; 마음에 걸리는. ② 무례한, 화가 나는; 모욕적인. / ‡indulge[indʌ́ldʒ] ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 (취미·욕망 따위에) 빠지다, 탐닉하다(in); 즐기다, 마음껏 누리다(in). / ‡inflict[inflíkt] vt. ∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① (타격·상처·고통 따위를) 주다, 입히다, 가하다(on). ② (형벌 따위를) 과하다(on). / ‡penalty[pénəlti] n. ① U,C 형, 형벌, 처벌. ② 벌금, 과료(科料), 위약금. ③ 벌, 인과 응보, 천벌, 재앙. / ‡ease[iːz] n. U ① 안락, 편안; 경제적으로 걱정이 없음; 여유. ② 평정(平靜), 안심. ③ 한가, 태평. ④ 홀가분함, 쇄락(灑落). / †safeguard[séifgɑ̀ːrd] n. ① U 보호, 호위; C 보호물, 안전 장치; 보장 조항[규약]; U,C (유혹 따위의) 방위(수단)(against). / ‡obey[oubéi] v. ―vt. ┅에 복종하다, ┅에 따르다; ┅의 명령[가르침, 소원]에 따르다 / ‡magistrate[mǽdʒəstrèit, -trit] n. ① (사법권을 가진) 행정 장관, 지사, 시장. ② 치안 판사 / †statute[stǽtʃuːt]n. 법령, 성문법, 법규; 정관(定款), 규칙(of). [SYN.] ⇨ LAW. / ‡acknowledge[æknɑ́lidʒ, ik- / -nɔ́l-] vt. ① 『∼ +목 / +목+as 보 / +목+ to be 보 / + that 절 / +-ing / +목+done』 인정하다, 승인하다, 용인하다, 자인(自認)하다, 고백하다. / ‡disgrace[disgréis] n. ① U 창피, 불명예, 치욕; C 망신거리. [cf.] dishonor, shame. ② U 눈밖에 남; 인기 없음.
[동의어/반의어]
injurious a. damaging[dǽmidʒiŋ], deleterious[dèlətíəriəs], destructive[distrʌ́ktiv], detrimental[dètrəméntl, harmful[hɑ́ːrmfəl, defamatory[difǽmətɔ̀ːri], denigrating[dénigrèitiŋ], slanderous[slǽnd-ərəs / slɑ́ːn-
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [9~15]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here, who are still more or less in the vigor of life; while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace. That part of our history which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or of the ready valor with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression, is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass Ⓐit by. But what was the road by which we reached our position, what the form of government under which our greatness grew, what the national habits out of which it sprang; these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon Ⓑthese men; since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell, and in which/to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage.
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is because/why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; , advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere/interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ①ordinary life. There, far from exercising a ②jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those ③injurious looks which cannot fail to be ④lenient, although they inflict no ⑤positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.
9. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?9)
① The ways of keeping our national dominion
② Why must Law exist?
③ How much should we give the heros our tribute?
④ Class isn't needed on the present.
⑤ Rigid government is needed for the stronger nation.
10. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?10)
① part of our history ② the ready valor
③ the road ④ war
⑤ our position
11. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ가 가리키는 것은?11)
① who must have national respect
② who are gathered here
③ who keep the law well
④ who are addressing the audiences
⑤ who are leaders in the government
12. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?12)
① in which because interfere
② in which why interfere
③ to which because interfere with
④ to which why interfere with
⑤ to which because interfere with
13. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸에 적절한 표현은?13)
① though the public life is rich
② because there are many wars
③ if no social standing
④ if there are many chances to make business
⑤ if the country expands its sovereignty
14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?14)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
15. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?15)
① 작가는 몇 가지 문제를 먼저 해결하고 다음 단계로 넘어
가려한다.
② 우리의 법은 다른 나라 것을 모방하여 이젠 다른 나라의
귀감이 되고 있다.
③ 국민들 사이에 사회적 신분이 없다면, 국민들은 명성을
얻기 위해 더 많은 노력을 기울일 것이다.
④ 지금 우리가 누리고 있는 자유는 일상생활에 까지 영향
을 끼친다.
⑤ 법은 반드시 필요하다.
Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business. We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year round, and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbour, so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own.
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[본문해석]
Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business(더우기, 우리는 국민들에게 사업으로 지친 마음에 활력을 돋아주는 많은 방식을 제공하고 있습니다). We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year round(우리는 1년 내내 경기회와 제물의식을 거행합니다), and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen(그리고 우리의 사설기관의 기품은 일상의 기쁨의 근원을 형성하며 우울한 마음을 쫓아내는 데 도움을 줍니다); while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbour(우리 도시의 웅장함은 전 세계의 농산물이 우리 항구로 유입되게 합니다), so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own(그리하여 아테네 시민에 이르기까지 다른 나라들의 과일은 자국의 과일처럼 익숙한 고급품입니다).
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[문법분석]
Further[부사로 문장 전체 수식, 그 위에, 게다가], we provide plenty of means[많은 수단] for the mind[국민들] to refresh itself[=the mind] from business[장사로 지친 마음에 활력을 주다]. We celebrate[행하다] games[겅기] and sacrifices[의식] all the year round[년 중], and the elegance of our private establishments[사설기관] forms[=make, create] a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while[접속사, ~하는 동안] the magnitude of our city draws[유입시키다] the produce[농산물] of the world into our harbour[항구 안으로], so that[접속사로 결과, 그리하여] to the Athenian[아테네 사람들에게 까지] the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those[=fruits] of his own[as+형용사+단수명사+as : ~만큼 ... 한]
[단어분석]
game : (pl.) (특히 고대 그리스·로마의) 경기회, 경연회, 투기회 / ‡celebrate [séləbrèit] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (식을 올려) 경축하다; (의식·제전을) 거행하다. ②『+목+전+명』 (용사·훈공 따위를) 찬양하다(praise), 기리다. / †elegance, ─gancy[éligəns], [-i] n. (pl. -gances; -cies) ① U 우아, 고상, 기품. ② U 정확[적확]함, 간결함. / ‡establishment[istǽbliʃmənt] n. ① U 설립, 창립; 설치. ② C (사회) 시설(학교·병원·상점·회사·여관 따위), (공공 또는 사설의) 시설물. / ‡banish[bǽniʃ] vt. 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ① 추방하다, 유형에 처하다; 내쫓다. ② (아무를) 멀리하다; (근심 따위를) 떨어버리다. / spleen[spliːn] n.① 〖해부학〗 비장(脾臟), 지라. ② U 울화, 기분이 언짢음; 심술, 악의(malice); 원한(grudge), 유한; U (고어) 우울(melancholy), 낙담(dejection). / †magnitude[mǽgnətjùːd] n. U ① (길이·규모·수량) 크기, 양. ② 중대(성), 중요함; 위대함, 고결. / ‡harbor, 【영국】 -bour [hɑ́ːrbər] n. ① 항구, 배가 닿는 곳. ★harbor는 주로 항구의 수면을, port는 도시를 중요시한 구별. ② 피난처, 잠복처, 은신처. / †Athenian[əɵíːniən] a., n. 아테네의, 아테네 사람. / ‡luxury[lʌ́kʃəri] n. U ① 사치, 호사. ② C (종종 pl.) 사치품, 고급품.
[동의어/반의어]
elegance n. beauty[bjúːti], dignity[dígnəti], grace[greis], grandeur[grǽnʤər], polish[pɑ́liʃ], refinement[rifáinmənt] ant. vulgarity[vʌlgǽrəti] 야비, 무례한 언동
banish v. deport[dipɔ́ːrt], eject[idʒékt], evictevict [ivíkt], exile[égzail], expatriate[ekspéitrièt] 국외로 추방하다, expel[ikspél] ant. welcome[wélkəm]
If we turn to our military policy, there also we differ from our antagonists. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone, but bring with them all their confederates; while we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor, and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease men who are defending their homes.
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[본문해석]
If we turn to our military policy(만일 우리군 정책으로 눈을 돌려본다면), there also we differ from our antagonists(우리는 적들과 또한 다름니다). We throw open our city to the world(우리는 전 세계로 문을 활짝 열어 놓고 있습니다), and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing(이질적 행위로 인한 외국인들이 배우고 관찰할 기회를 배제하지 않습니다), although the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality(비록 적들의 눈엔 우리의 관대함이 때때로 이득으로 보일 수도 있습니다); trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens(체제와 정책에서 보다 우리 국민들의 타고난 정신력을 더 믿고 있기 때문입니다); while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness(교육에서도 우리의 적대국들은 요람에서부터 고통적인 원칙에 의해 용맹성을 추구하는 반면), at Athens we live exactly as we please(아테네에서 우린 원하는 대로 살고 있습니다), and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger(그리고 이제 모든 정당한 위험에 받아들일 준비가 되어 있습니다). In proof of this(이 증거로) it may be noticed(~알려져 있습니다) that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone(스파르타는 단독으로 우리나라를 침공 못하고), but bring with them all their confederates(모든 연합군을 모아야만 합니다); while we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor(반면 우리 아테네인들은 지원 없이 이웃영토로 진군합니다), and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease men who are defending their homes(외국 영토에의 전투는 자신의 고향을 지키고자하는 적군을 쉽게 추방시킵니다).
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[문법분석]
If we turn to[~방향을 돌리다] our military policy, there also we differ from[~와 다른] our antagonists[적군]. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from[exclude A from B : A를 B로부터 배제하다] any opportunity of learning or observing, although[양보절, 비록 ~일 지라도] the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens[trusting to ~더 신임하고 있는]; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after[추구하다] manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please[우리가 원하는 대로], and yet are just as ready to[기꺼이 ~할 준비가 된] encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone, but bring with them[=Lacedaemonians, 스파르타인] all their confederates; while[접속사, ~ 하는 동안] we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor, and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease[부사구=easily] men who are defending their homes.
[단어분석]
†antagonist[æntǽgənist] n. ① 적수, 적대자, 반대자. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPONENT. / throw open ⑴ (문 따위를) 열어 젖히다. ⑵ 공개하다, 개방하다(to). / †alien[éiljən, -liən] a. ① 외국의, 이국(異國)의(foreign); 외국인의. ② 성질이 다른, 이질의(from). / ‡exclude [iksklúːd] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 못 들어오게 하다, 배척하다, 제외[배제]하다([opp] include); 몰아내다, 추방하다; (특히 출산이나 부화 때에) 방출하다; 빼다(omit)(from). ② 고려하지 않다, 무시하다; (증거 따위를) 받아들이지 않다, / liberality[lìbərǽləti] n. U 너그러움, 관대 / manliness ―n. U 남성적임, 용감, 과단. / ‡encounter[enkáuntər] v. ―vt. ① ┅와 우연히 만나다, 마주치다, 조우하다. ② (적과) 교전하다, ┅와 맞서다, ┅에 대항하다. ③ (곤란·반대·위험 등에) 부닥치다. / †legitimate[lidʒítəmit] a. ① 합법의, 적법의; 옳은, 정당한. [opp.] illegitimate. [SYN.] ⇨ LAWFUL. ② 본격적인, 정통의, 정계(正系)의; 적출의. / †confederate[kənfédərit] n. ① 동맹자, 연합자; 동맹국, 연합국. / †vanquish[vǽŋkwiʃ, vǽn-] vt. ┅에게 이기다, 정복하다; (감정 등을) 극복하다.
[동의어/반의어]
exclude v. ban[bæn], bar[bɑːr], blackball[blæk-́bɔ̀ːl], boycott[bɔ́ikɑt], ostracize[ɑ́strəsàiz]국외로 추방하다, prohibit[prouhíbit], eliminate[ilímənèit], except[iksépt], omit[oumít] ant. admit[ædmít] include[inklúːd]
legitimate a. authentic[ɔːɵéntik], genuine[ʤénjuin], verifiable[vérəfàiəbəl], logical[lɑ́dʒikəl], reasonable[ríːz-ənəb-əl], sound[saund], correct[kərékt], tenable[ténəb-əl], appropriate[əpróuprièit], proper[prɑ́pər], lawful[lɔ́ːfəl], legal[líg-əl], licensed[láis-ənst], rightful[ráitfəl] ant. fraudulent[frɔ́ːdʒulənt], irrational[irǽʃənəl], unsuitable[ʌnsúːtəbəl] illicit[illísit]
Our united force was never yet encountered by any enemy, because we have at once to attend to our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hundred different services; so that, wherever they engage with some such fraction of our strength, a success against a detachment is magnified into a victory over the nation, and a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of our entire people. And yet if with habits not of labor but of ease, and courage not of art but of nature, we are still willing to encounter danger, we have the double advantage of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation and of facing them in the hour of need as fearlessly as those who are never free from them.
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[본문해석]
Our united force was never yet encountered by any enemy(우리의 통합군은 아직까지 한 번도 어떠한 적과 마주친 적이 없었습니다), because we have at once to attend to our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hundred different services(이것이 우리가 즉시 해군력에 집중해야만하고 우리 시민들을 육로로 많은 다른 임무지역으로 파견해야하는 이유입니다); so that, wherever they engage with some such fraction of our strength(그들이 우리 군의 파견대와 연동을 할 땐 언제나), a success against a detachment is magnified into a victory over the nation(파견에 대비된 성공은 조국에 대한 승리를 확실하게 합니다), and a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of our entire people(그리고 반대쪽 진영의 패배는 우리 전 국민의 통제 하에 고통을 받게 됩니다). And yet(그럼에도 불구하고) if with habits not of labor but of ease, and courage not of art but of nature(만일 힘들이지 않는 여유로운 기질과 인위적인 아닌 타고난 용기로), we are still willing to encounter danger(우리가 여전히 기꺼이 위험에 대적할 수 있다면), we have the double advantage of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation(우리는 선제공격으로 어려웠던 경험을 피하고) and of facing them in the hour of need as fearlessly as those who are never free from them(죽기 살기의 사람들처럼 용맹하게 필요한 시간 안에 그들과 대적할 갑절의 이점을 갖게 됩니다).
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[문법분석]
Our united force was never yet encountered[경험, 아직 대적한 경험이 없다] by any enemy, because we have at once[즉시] to attend to[주의를 기울이다] our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land[육로로] upon a hundred different services[많은 다른 방어지역들로]; so that[접속사, 그리하여], wherever[복합 관계부사, 언제든지] they[=a hundred different services] engage with[연동작전을 펴다] some such fraction of our strength[몇몇 파견대], a success against a detachment[파견으로 인한 성공] is magnified into a victory over the nation[승리로 우뚝서다], and a defeat into a reverse (is) suffered at the hands of our entire people. And yet if with habits not of labor[of+명사=형용사구] but of ease[=easy], and courage not of art[=artful] but of nature[=natural], we are still willing to encounter danger, we have the double advantage[두 배의 이점] of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation[선제공격] and of facing them[=hardships] in the hour of need as fearlessly as[~처럼 ... 한] those who are never free from them[=hardships][죽기 살기로 용맹한].
[단어분석]
‡dispatch, des─[dispǽtʃ] v. ―vt. ① (편지·사자 등을) 급송하다; 급파[특파]하다; 파병하다. ② (일 따위를) 급히 해치우다, / ‡fraction[frǽkʃ-ən] n. ① 파편, 단편. / ‡magnify[mǽgnəfài] v. ―vt. ① (렌즈 따위로) 확대하다; 크게 보이게 하다. ② 과장하다. / ‡hardship[hɑ́ːrdʃìp] n. ① (종종 pl.) 고난, 고초, 신고, 곤란, 곤궁. [SYN.] ⇨ SUFFERING. ② 곤경; 어려운 일. / ‡anticipation[æntìsəpéiʃən] n. U,C ① 예기, 예감, 예상, 내다봄, 기대. ② 선제 행동, 선수; 예방. /
[동의어/반의어]
magnify v. amplify[ǽmpləfài], enlarge[enlɑ́ːrdʒ], exaggerate[igzǽdʒərèit], expand[ikspǽnd], increase[inkríːs], acclaim[əkléim], glorify[glɔ́ːrəfài] 찬미하다, laud[lɔːd], praise[preiz], dramatize[drǽmətàiz], enhance[enhǽns], heighten[háitn], intensify[inténsəfài] ant. reduce[ridjúːs], criticize[krítisàiz] lessen[lésn]
Nor are these the only points in which our city is worthy of admiration. We cultivate refinement without extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy; wealth we employ more for use than for show, and place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the fact but in declining the struggle against it. Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, unlike any other nation, regarding him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events if we cannot originate, and, instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.
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[본문해석]
Nor are these the only points in which our city is worthy of admiration(또한 우리 도시가 칭찬할 가치는 이것만이 아닙니다). We cultivate refinement without extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy(우리는 사치 없는 세련미와 나약하지 않은 지식을 발전시켜 왔습니다); wealth we employ more for use than for show(우리는 보여주기 위한 것이 아닌 이용하기 위해 더 많은 부를 사용하고 있습니다), and place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the fact but in declining the struggle against it(그리고 우리는 빈곤의 사실을 인정할 때가 아닌 빈곤에 대항하는 투지가 감소할 때 빈곤의 진정한 불명예를 말합니다). Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to(우리 국민들은 정치이외에 보살펴야할 사생활이 있고), and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters(우리 평범한 시민들은 비록 산업발달에 몰입할지라도 대중적인 문제에 대해 여전히 공정한 판단을 내리시는 분들입니다); for, unlike any other nation, regarding him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless(이러한 의무에 참여하지 않는 사람을 야망적이 아닌 무용지물로 간주할 때, 다른 나라 국민들과 달리), we Athenians are able to judge at all events if we cannot originate(만일 우리가 창작할 수 없을 지라도, 우리 아테네 사람들은 모든 일에 판단할 능력을 갖추고 있습니다), and, instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action(그리고 행동으로 옮기는 와중에 장애물을 방관하기보다), we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all(우리는 모든 일에 그것(장애물)을 어떤 현명한 행동에 대한 필수적인 준비단계라 생각합니다).
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[문법분석]
Nor are these[도치문=Or these are not] the only points in which our city is worthy of[~에 가치 있는] admiration (in the only point). We cultivate[=grow, develop] refinement without extravagance[사치 없는 품위] and knowledge without effeminacy[나태 없는 지식] wealth we employ[목적어는 wealth] more for use than for show[전시보다는 실용적인], and place[=judge 판단하다] the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to[인정하다] the fact[가난하다는 사실] but in declining the struggle against it[=the fact]. Our public men have, besides[=in addition to, along with 더불어] politics, their private affairs to attend to[주의를 기울이다], and our ordinary citizens, though (they are) occupied with[몰두하다] the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, unlike any other nation, (as we are) regarding[regard A as B: A를 B로 간주하다] him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events[모든 업무에서] if[=though] we cannot originate, and, instead of looking on[방관하다] discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action[일이 진행되는 도중에, 실행에 옮기는], we think A[it] B[an indispensable preliminary] to any wise action at all.[think A B: A를 B로 생각하다]
[단어분석]
‡worthy [wə́ːrði] a. (-thier; -thiest) ① 훌륭한, 존경할 만한, 가치 있는 / ‡admiration [æ̀dməréiʃən] n. U ① 감탄, 칭찬(of; for); 찬탄 / ‡cultivate [kʌ́ltəvèit] vt.
① (땅을) 갈다, 경작하다; (재배 중인 작물·밭을) 사이갈이하다. [SYN.] ⇨ TILL. ② 재배하다; (물고기·진주 등을) 양식하다; (세균을) 배양하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GROW. ③ (재능·정신 따위를) 신장하다, 계발[연마]하다 /†refinement [rifáinmənt] n. U ① 정련, 정제, 순화. ② 세련, 고상, 우아, 품위 있음. ③ 정밀, 정교; 극치. / extravagance, ─cy [ikstrǽvəgəns], [-i] n. ① U 사치, 무절제, 방종. ② C 낭비, 방종한 언행 / effeminacy [ifémənəsi] n. U 여성적임, 나약, 유약, 기력이 없음, 우유부단. / ‡disgrace [disgréis] n. ① U 창피, 불명예, 치욕 / own ―vi. 『+전+명』 인정하다, (┅을) 자백하다(to). / unambitious [ʌ̀næmbíʃəs] a. 공영심이 없는, 야심이 없는; 눈에 띄지 않는, 수수한. / ‡originate [ərídʒənèit] v. ―vt. ① 시작하다, 근원이 되다, 일으키다. / look on : ~ 방관하다 / stúmbling blòck 방해물, 장애물. / ‡indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한, 긴요한(to; for) / ‡preliminary [prilímənèri / -nəri] a. ① 예비의, 준비의; 임시의; 시초의. ② 서문의. /
[동의어/반의어]
admiration n. esteem[istíːm], regard[rigɑ́ːrd], respect[rispékt], adoration[æ̀dəréiʃən], praise[preiz], reverence[rév-ərəns], veneration[vènəréiʃən], amazement[əméizmənt], awe[ɔː], wonder[wʌ́ndəːr] ant. contempt[kəntémpt] disdain[disdéin]
Again, in our enterprises we present the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation, each carried to its highest point, and both united in the same persons; although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance, those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favours. Yet, of course, the doer of the favo is the firmer friend of the two, in order by continued kindness to keep the recipient in his debt; while the debtor feels less keenly from the very consciousness that the return he makes will be a payment, not a free gift. And it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences, confer their benefits not from calculations of expediency, but in the confidence of liberality.
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[본문해석]
Again, in our enterprises we present the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation(다시 말씀드리자면, 우리의 계획에서 우리는 용맹과 숙고의 유일한 장관을 제시합니다), each carried to its highest point(각각은 정점으로 향해 이동합니다), and both united in the same persons(그리고 이 둘은 같은 개인 안에서 융합됩니다); although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance(비록 평상시의 결단이 무지의 소산일지라도), those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger(이분들은 고난과 기쁨의 차이점을 가장 잘 아시고 위험으로부터 움츠리는 유혹을 결코 받지 않습니다). In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favors(일반적으로 말하자면, 우리는 호의를 받는 것이 아닌 베푸는 것으로 친구를 얻는 동등한 유일물입니다). Yet, of course, the doer of the favor is the firmer friend of the two(그러나, 물론, 호의를 베푸는 자는 둘 중에 더 강인한 친구입니다), in order by continued kindness to keep the recipient in his debt(계속된 친절로 그 수혜자를 자신의 은혜 속에 유지시키기 위해서); while the debtor feels less keen from the very consciousness that the return he makes will be a payment, not a free gift(반면 수혜자는 자신의 보답이 공짜선물이 아닌 보상이 될 것이라는 바로 그 의식으로부터 널 민감하게 됩니다). And it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences, confer their benefits not from calculations of expediency, but in the confidence of liberality(결과에 연연하지 않고 사리추구의 속셈이 아닌 관대한 자신감에서 자신들의 은혜를 베푸는 사람은 다름 아닌 바로 아테네 국민들입니다).
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[문법분석]
Again[강조하여 말하자면], in our enterprises[국가적 계획] we present[제시하다] the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation, each[=daring or deliberation] (is가 생략) carried to its highest point[최 정점으로 향하는], and both (are) united in the same persons; [양보절]although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance[무지의 산물(소산)], (it is)[강조용법으로 봄] those[바로 그 사람들(아테네 국민들) 입니다], who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. In generosity[=Generally speaking] we are equally singular, (who is[관계대명사+동사 생략]) acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favours. Yet, of course, the doer of the favor is the firmer friend of the two, in order by continued kindness to[~하기 위해서] keep[keep A in B: A를 B 안에 유지시키다] the recipient in his debt; while[접속사, 반면] the debtor feels less keen[feel+형용사: 덜 민감해지다] from the very consciousness that the return (that) he makes[목적어는 return: 그가 베푼 답례] will be a payment, not a free gift. And [강조용법: ~한 것은 바로 아테네 국민이다]it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences[결과에 두려워하지 않고, 결과에 연연하지 않고], confer their benefits[자신의 은덕을 베풀다] not from calculations of expediency[사욕이 아닌], but in the confidence of liberality[관대한 자신감에서].
[단어분석]
‡enterprise [éntərpràiz] n. ① 기획, 계획(특히 모험적인). ② U,C 기업(체), 사업; 기업경영. ③ U 진취적인 정신, 기업심[열]; 모험심. / singular [síŋgjələːr] a. ① 유일한[의], 단독의, 독자의. ② 개개의, 따로따로의(separate), 각자의(individual). ③ 보통이 아닌, 뛰어난, 비범한(unusual). / ‡spectacle [spéktək-əl]n. 광경, 미관, 장관, 기관(奇觀); 비참한 광경. / ‡daring [dɛ́əriŋ] n. U 대담 무쌍, 호담(豪膽). a 대담한, 용감한; 앞뒤를 가리지 않는. / †deliberation [dilìbəréiʃən] n. U 숙고; 신중, 침착. / ‡tempt [tempt]vt. ① ┅의 마음을 끌다, 유혹하다, 부추기다. ② 『+목+to do』 ┅할 기분이 나게 하다, 꾀다. / †generosity [ʤènərɑ́səti / -rɔ́s-] n. U 관대, 아량; 고결. / ‡acquire [əkwáiər] vt. 손에 넣다, 획득하다; (버릇·기호·학력 따위를) 몸에 익히다, 습득하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GET. / †confer [kənfə́ːr] v. (-rr-) ―vt. (칭호·학위 등을) 수여하다, (영예 등을) 증여하다, (은혜 등을) 베풀다. / recipient [risípiənt] n. 수납자, 수령인; 수용자 / †keenly [kíːnli] ad. 날카롭게, 격심하게, 예민하게; 열심히, 빈틈없이. / ‡payment [péimənt] n. ① U 지불, 납부, 납입. ② 보수, 보상 / ‡calculation [kæ̀lkjəléiʃən] n. ① U 계산(하기), C 계산(의 결과); 셈; 계산법. / expediency, -ence [ikspíːdiənsi], [-əns] n. ① U 편의, 형편 좋음; (타산적인) 편의주의; (악랄한) 사리(私利)추구. ② C 방편, 편법. / liberality [lìbərǽləti] n. U 너그러움, 관대, 관후; 활수함, 인색하지 않음
[동의어/반의어]
spectacle n. curiosity [kjùəriɑ́səti], marvel[mɑ́ːrv-əl], phenomenon[finɑ́mənɑ̀n / -nɔ́mən], sight[sait], wonder[wʌ́ndəːr], demonstration[dèmənstréiʃən], display[displéi], exhibition[èksəbíʃən], presentation[prèzəntéiʃən] production[prədʌ́kʃən]
tempt v. bait[beit], entice[entáis], inveigle[invíːgəl], invite[inváit], lure[luər], tantalize[tǽntəlàiz] 감질나게하여 괴롭히다 ant. repel[ripél] 쫒아 버리다, 격퇴하다.
confer v. accord[əkɔ́ːrd], award[əwɔ́ːrd], bestow[bistóu], give[giv], grant[grænt, grɑːnt], consult[kənsʌ́lt], converse[kənvə́ːrs], deliberate[dilíbərèit], parley[pɑ́ːrli] 회담하다, 교섭[담판]하다. ant. withdraw[wiðdrɔ́ː, wiɵ-] 움츠리다, 회수하다
In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas, while I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion, but plain matter of fact, the power of the state acquired by these habits proves. For Athens alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation, and alone gives no occasion to her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom they have been worsted, or to her subjects to question her title by merit to rule.
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[본문해석]
In short(요약하자면), I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas(도시국가로서 우리는 헬라스학파라고 말씀드립니다), while I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian(자신만을 의지할 수 있는 곳에서, 너무나 많은 위기를 감당해내고 너무나 행복한 재능을 부여받은 아테네 국민 같은 사람을 세상은 만들어낼 수 있을지 저는 의심이 가는 반면). And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion(기회가 있을 때 내뱉는 단순한 자랑이 아닙니다), but plain matter of fact(그러나 분명한 사실은), the power of the state acquired by these habits proves(이러한 국민성으로 획득된 국가의 힘은 그것을 입증하고도 남습니다). For Athens alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation(왜냐하면 동시대의 유일한 아테네만이 명성보다 더 큰 존재로 입증되었고), and alone gives no occasion to her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom they have been worsted, or to her subjects to question her title by merit to rule(아테네만이 그들을 패배시켰던 적을 당황시키기 위해 적에게, 또는 아테네란 도시 명칭이 통치할 수 있을지 의심하는 백성들에겐 어떠한 기회도 주지 않습니다).
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[문법분석]
In short[=shortly speaking, in a word], I say that as[전치사: ~로써] a city we are the school[학파] of Hellas, while I doubt if[접속사=whether(명사절): ~ 인지 아닌지 의심하다] the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to[~를 감당하다] so many emergencies, and (who is) graced by so happy a versatility[so+형용사+단수명사: 너무나 행복한 재능을 부여받은], as[전치사:~처럼] the Athenian. And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion[기회가 있을 던지는 단순한 자랑], but plain matter of fact[=as a matter of fact], the power of the state (which was) acquired by these habits proves[목적어는 that임: 도치문]. For[=because] Athens(단수: 아테네수도를 일컬음) alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation, and (Athens) alone gives no occasion to[~에게 빈틈을 보이지 않다] her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom[목적격 관계대명사] they have been worsted (by the antagonist)[그들을 패배시킨 적이 있는 적), or to her subjects[백성들] to question her title by merit to rule[아테네 도시국가의 직함이 통치할 능력이 있는지 의심함].
[단어분석]
‡emergency [imə́ːrdʒənsi] n. U,C 비상[돌발] 사태, 위급, 위급한 경우. / ‡grace vt. ① 『∼+목/+목+전+명』 우미[우아]하게 하다, 아름답게 꾸미다; ┅에게 영광을 주다(with). / †versatile [və́ːrsətl / -tàil] a. ① 재주가 많은, 다예(多藝)한, 다능의, 융통성 있는, 다방면의. ② (드물게) (감정·기질 등이) 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운. / ‡mere [miər] a. (mérer; mérest) ① 단순한, ┅에 불과한, 단지[다만, 그저] ┅에 지나지 않는. ② (폐어) 전적인, 다른 어떤 것도 아닌, 순전한. / ‡boast [boust] n. 자랑(거리); 허풍. / †Athens [ǽɵinz] n. 아테네(그리스의 수도). / ‡contemporary [kəntémpərèri / -pərəri] n. ① 동시대[동연대]의 사람; 동기생(at school); 동갑내기. / ‡reputation [rèpjətéiʃ-ən] n. U,C ① 평판, 세평. ② 명성, 신망, 호평. / †assailant [əséilənt] n. 공격자; 가해자; 적. / ‡blush [blʌʃ] v. ―vi. ① 『∼/ +보/ +부/ +전+명』 얼굴을 붉히다, (얼굴이 ┅으로) 빨개지다(at ; for ; with). ② 『+전+명/ +to do』 부끄러워하다[지다] (at ; for). / †antagonist [æntǽgənist] n. ① 적수, 적대자, 반대자. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPONENT. / ⁂worst [wəːrst] vt. 패배하게 하다, 무찌르다. / ‡merit [mérit] n. ① U,C 우수함, 가치; 장점, 취할 점. [SYN.] ⇨ WORTH. ② (보통 pl.) 공적, 공로, 훈공 / ⁂rule [ruːl] v. ―vt. ① 다스리다, 통치[관리]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GOVERN. ② 「보통 수동태」 지도[설득]하다. 억제하다.
[동의어/반의어]
emergency n. accident, contingency, crisis, exigency, strait, urgency a. life-supporting, maintaining sustaining
versatile a. adaptable, all-purpose, multifaceted, multipurpose ant. limited
reputation n. character, fame, name, position, prestige, rank, standing status
Rather, the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours, since we have not left our power without witness, but have shown it by mighty proofs; and far from needing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave to melt at the touch of fact, we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us. Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.
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[본문해석]
Rather(오히려), the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours(현재와 앞으로 계속될 세대의 칭송은 우리가 받게 될 것입니다), since we have not left our power without witness(왜냐하면 우리는 증거 없이 우리의 힘을 남겨 놓지 않았기 때문입니다), but have shown it by mighty proofs(그러나 우리는 그것(우리의 힘)을 강력한 증거와 입증해 왔기 때문입니다); and far from needing a Homer for our panegyrist(서사시인 호머도 필요치 않으며), or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave to melt at the touch of fact(또는 호머의 다른 기교적인 운문이 지금 이 순간에 호머의 운문이 주었던 감동을 진실의 횃불로 누그러트리는 유혹도 필요치 않으므로), we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring(우리는 모든 삼라만상이 우리의 거침없는 용맹성이 되지 않을 수 없었고), and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us(선이든 악이든 모든 곳이 우리 뒤에 불멸의 기념비를 세워 놓았습니다(우리를 칭송하고 있습니다)). Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died(이러한 칭송은 아테네를 잃지 않으려는 그들의 결의에 찬 단언 속에서, 이런 전사들이 고결하게 싸우고 순직한 아테네의 것입니다); and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause(그리고 생존자 개개인이 아테네의 대의 속에서 돌아가신 분들을 애도하는 고통은 당연합니다).
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[문법분석]
Rather, the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours[소유대명사=the admiration], since[현재완료의 계속=because] we have not left our power without witness, but have shown it[=our power] by mighty proofs; and far from[이외에] needing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave[목적어는 the impression] to melt at the touch of fact, we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring[force A to B: 삼라만상이 우리의 용맹성에 감탄하다], and everywhere, whether[삽입 부사절: 선이든 악이든지] (our daring is) for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us. Such[그러한 칭송을 받을 자격은 바로 아테네를 일컬음] is the Athens for which[관계대명사: 선행사는 the Athens] these men[아테네를 위해 순국한 전사들], in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died (for the Athens); and [도치문: every ~ survivors may well be ready to ~]well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.
[단어분석]
†succeeding [səksíːdiŋ] a. 계속되는, 다음의, 계속 일어나는. / panegyrist [pæ̀nədʒírist, -ʤái-, -́--̀-] n. 찬사의 글을 쓰는 사람; 상찬자(賞讚者), 찬양자. / ‡verse [vəːrs] n. ① 운문, 시(詩). [cf.] prose. ★ poetry에 비해서 내용보다 시형(詩形)을 문제로 함. / ‡charm [tʃɑːrm] ―vi. ① 매력적이다, 매력을 갖다. ② 마법을 걸다. / ‡melt [melt] v. (∼ed [méltid]; ∼ed, molten [móultən]) ―vi. ① 『∼/ +전+명』 녹다, 용해하다. ② 『+부/ +전+명』 서서히 사라지다. / imperishable [impériʃəbəl] a. 불멸의, 불후의(indestructible), 영속적인(everlasting). / †assertion [əsə́ːrʃən] n. U 단언, 주장; C (자기 개인의) 언설(言說). / ⁂cause [kɔːz] n. U,C ① 원인([opp.] effect); 이유(reason); 까닭, 근거, 동기(for). [SYN.] ⇨ ORIGIN. ② 주의, 주장; 대의, 큰 목적(object), ┅(을 위한) 운동(for; of).
[동의어/반의어]
succeeding v. accomplish[əkɑ́mpliʃ], achieve[ətʃíːv], flourish[flə́ːriʃ], prosper[prɑ́spər], ensue[ensúː], follow[fɑ́lou], replace[ripléis], supersede[sùːpəərsíːd], supplant[səplǽnt] 밀어내다 ant. fail[feil] precede[prisíːd] 앞서다
assertion n. avowal[əváuəl, contention[kənténʃən], declaration[dèkləréiʃən], proclamation[prɑ̀kləméiʃə], pronouncement[prənáunsmənt], statement[stéitmənt] ant. denial[dináiəl]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length upon the character of our country, it has been to show that our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs who have no such blessings to lose, and also that the panegyric of the men over whom I am now speaking might be by definite proofs established. That panegyric is now in a great measure complete; for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and their like have made her, men whose fame, unlike that of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with their deserts. And if a test of worth be wanted, it is to be found in their closing scene, and this not only in cases in which it set the final seal upon their merit, but also in those in which it gave the first intimation of their having any.
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[본문해석]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length upon the character of our country(실제로 만일 제가 우리 조국의 이런 기질 토대 위에서 오래 살아 왔다면), it has been to show that our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs who have no such blessings to lose(이 전투에서의 우리의 이해관계는 잃을 축복이 없는 적국의 그들의 것과 다르고), and also that the panegyric of the men over whom I am now speaking might be by definite proofs established(그리고 또한 제가 지금 말하고 있는 이분들에 대한 칭송은 분명한 증거로 확립된 것 을 보여주고 있습니다). That panegyric is now in a great measure complete(그 찬양은 위대한 척도에서 더할 나위가 없습니다); for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and their like have made her(왜냐하면 제가 기리는 아테네는 이들과 그들의 비슷한 장렬함만 만든 것이기 때문입니다), men whose fame, unlike that of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with their deserts(대부분의 그리스 사람의 명성과 다른, 명성을 소유한 사람들은 그들의 공적에 단지 상응하는 것이 될 것입니다). And if a test of worth be wanted(그리고 만일 증거가 필요하다면), it is to be found in their closing scene(그 증거는 그들의 마지막 무대에서 발견될 것이고), and this not only in cases in which it set the final seal upon their merit(이것은 그들의 공적을 결정적으로 하는 경우에 발견될 뿐만 아니라), but also in those in which it gave the first intimation of their having any(그것이 그들이 어떠한 공적을 갖고 있다는 첫 번째 암시를 한 경우에서도 발견되어질 것입니다).
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[문법분석]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length[오랜 기간] upon the character of our country, it[가주어] has been to show that[진주어] our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs[=their state: 그들의 이해관계에 속한 사람들] who have no such blessings to lose, and also that the panegyric of the men over whom[목적격 관계대명사] I am now speaking (over men)[제가 지금 말하고 있는 분들에 대한 칭송] might be by definite proofs established. That panegyric is now [삽입구]in a great measure complete[보어인 형용사]; for[=because] the Athens that I have celebrated[목적어는 the Athens] is only what the heroism of these and their like[이들과 그들의 비슷한 장렬함] have made her[made A[her] B[what] : 5형식], men whose fame[명성을 갖은 사람들], unlike[전치사] that[=fame] of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with[단지 ~에 상응하는] their deserts. And if a test of worth (should) be wanted, it is to be[ found A[in their closing scene], and this not only (is to be found) B[in cases] in which it set the final seal upon their merit, but also (is to be found) C[in those (cases)] in which it gave the first intimation of their having any (merit).
[단어분석]
at some length 상당히 자세하게[길게]. / ‡stake [steik] n. 이해(관계) (interest), (개인적) 관여. / ‡establish [istǽbliʃ] vt. ① 확립하다, 설치[설립]하다, 개설[창립]하다, (제도·법률 등을) 제정하다. ② (선례·습관·소신·요구·명성 등을) 확립하다, 확고히 굳히다, 일반에게 확인시키다, 수립하다. / ⁂measure [méʒəːr]n. ① U 치수, 분량; 크기, 무게, 길이, 말수(斗數). ② U,C 한도, 한계, 정도; 표준, 적도(適度). / †heroism [hérouìzəm] n. U 영웅적 자질, 장렬, 의열(義烈); C 영웅적 행위. / ‡fame [feim] n. U ① 명성, 명예, 성망. ② 평판, 풍문; (고어) 세평, 소문. / commensurate [kəménʃərit] a. 같은 양[면적, 크기]의, 동연(同延)의(with), 같은 시간의; 비례한, 균형이 잡힌, 상응한(to; with); =COMMENSURABLE / desert [dizə́ːrt] n. ① 상[벌]을 받을 만한 가치[자격], 공과(功過); (종종 pl.) 당연한 보답, 응분의 상[벌]. ② 공적(merit); 미덕. / set the seal on ┅을 결정적인 것으로 하다. / intimation [ìntəméiʃən] n. U,C 암시, 넌지시 비춤 (hint); 통지, 통고, 발표.
[동의어/반의어]
establish v. found[faund], initiate[iníʃièit], institute[ínstətjùːt], organize[ɔ́ːrgənàiz], ensconce[inskɑ́ns] 몸을 편히 앉히다, install[instɔ́ːl], settle[sétl], situate[sítʃuèit], authenticate[ɔːɵéntikèit] 입증하다, confirm[kənfə́ːrm], prove[pruːv], validate[vǽlədèit], verify[vérəfài] ant. dissolve[dizɑ́lv], uproot[ʌprúːt] disprove[disprúːv]
For there is justice in the claim that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfections; since the good action has blotted out the bad, and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual. But none of these allowed either wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit, or poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and riches to tempt him to shrink from danger.
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[본문해석]
For there is justice in the claim that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfections(왜냐하면 조국의 전쟁에서 불면의 신념은 한 개인의 다른 결함을 덮어주는 망토로서의 역할이 되어야한다는 주장은 당연하기 때문입니다) ; since the good action has blotted out the bad(선행이 악행을 섬멸했기 때문에), and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual(그리고 한 시민으로서 그의 공적이 한 개인으로서의 결점을 훨씬 능가했기 때문입니다). But none of these allowed either wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit(그러나 이런 어떠한 것도 그의 용기를 잃게 하는 미래의 향락의 측면에서 부를 허락하지 않았거나-부로 인해 사기가 떨어지는 일), or poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and riches to tempt him to shrink from danger(그를 위험으로부터 움츠리게 유혹하는 하루의 자유와 부의 바람에서 결핍을 허락하지 않았습니다).
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[문법분석]
For[=Because] there is justice in the claim[~라 주장하는 것은 당연하다] that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak[~로서의 역할을 하다] to cover a man’s other imperfections; since[접속사: ~이후로 계속해서] the good action has blotted out the bad (action), and his merit as[전치사: ~로서 a citizen more than outweighed[~능가한 것 이상이었다] his demerits as an individual. But none of these allowed either[either A or B: A나 B중 어느 하나] wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit[부로 인해 사기가 떨어지는 것], or poverty[wealth와 대조를 이룸] with its hope of a day of freedom and riches[단 하루 편하고자하는 부족한 정신] to tempt him to shrink from danger.
[단어분석]
‡steadfast [stédfæ̀st, -fəst] a. 확고 부동한, 고정된, (신념 등) 불변의, 부동의. / ‡cloak [klouk] n. ① (보통 소매가 없는) 외투, 망토. ② 덮는 것(covering), 가면. ③ 구실(pretext), 은폐하는 수단. / †imperfection [ìmpərfékʃən] n. ① U 불완전(성). ② C 결함, 결점./ blot out ⇨―vt.④; (글자·기억을) 지우다, 없애다; (적·도시 등을) 진멸하다. / ‡merit [mérit] n. ① U,C 우수함, 가치; 장점, 취할 점. [SYN.] ⇨ WORTH. ② (보통 pl.) 공적, 공로, 훈공 / demerit [diːmérit] n. 결점, 결함, 단점 / outweigh [àutwéi] vt. ┅보다 무겁다; ┅보다 중요하다; ┅보다 가치가[세력이] 있다. / unnerve [ʌnnə́ːrv] vt. (아무의) 용기를[기력을, 결단력을, 확신을] 잃게 하다, 무기력화하다. / ‡enjoyment [endʒɔ́imənt] n. ① C 즐거움, 기쁨; 유쾌. ② U 향략; 향유, 향수(享受). / ‡prospect [prɑ́spekt / prɔ́s-] n. ① 조망(眺望), 전망; 경치. ② 예상, 기대; (종종 pl.) (장래의) 가망 / ‡poverty [pɑ́vərti / pɔ́v-] n. U ① 가난, 빈곤([opp.] wealth). ② 결핍, 부족(of; in). / ‡shrink [ʃriŋk] v. (shrank [ʃræŋk], shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]; shrunk, shrunken [ʃrʌ́ŋkən]) ―vi. ① 『∼/ +전+명/ +부』 (천 따위가) 오그라들다. (수량·가치 등이) 줄다(up; away). ② 『+전+명/ +부』 움츠리다(up), 겁내다, 위축되다(at) /
[동의어/반의어]
steadfast a. constant[kɑ́nstənt], faithful[féiɵfəl], firm[fəːrm], staunch[stɔːntʃ], unfailing[ʌnféiliŋ], unwavering[ʌnwéivəriŋ ant. vacillating[vǽsəlèitiŋ
unnerve v. frighten[fráitn], intimidate[intímədèit], scare[skɛəːr], upset[ʌpsét], worry[wə́ːri] ant. assure[əʃúər]
prospect n. chance[tʃæns], likelihood[láiklihùd], possibility[pɑ̀səbíləti], probability[prɑ̀bəbíləti], anticipation[æntìsəpéiʃən], expectation[èkspektéiʃən], hope[houp], promise[prɑ́mis], prospects[prɑ́spekts] clients,kláiənts], customers[kʌ́stəmərs], outlook[áutlùk], scene[siːn], view[vjuː] v. explore[iksplɔ́ːr], investigate[invéstəgèit] search[səːrtʃ]
poverty n. destitution[déstətjùːʃən], impoverishment[impɑ́vəriʃmənt], indigence,[índidʒəns] penury[pénjəri], privation[praivéiʃən], dearth[dəːrɵ], insufficiency[ìnsəfíʃənsi], meagerness[míːgəːrnis], paucity[pɔ́ːsəti], scarcity[skɛ́əːrsəti]
ant. wealth[welɵ] abundance[əbʌ́ndəns]
No, holding that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings, and reckoning this to be the most glorious of hazards, they joyfully determined to accept the risk, to make sure of their vengeance, and to let their wishes wait; and while committing to hope the uncertainty of final success, in the business before them they thought fit to act boldly and trust in themselves. Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting, they fled only from dishonour, but met danger face to face, and after one brief moment, while at the summit of their fortune, escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory.
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[본문해석]
No(그렇습니다), holding that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings(그들의 적에 대한 복수심은 어떤 개인의 저주 보다 더 바람직했다는 생각과), and reckoning this to be the most glorious of hazards(그리고 이것이 모험 중에서 가장 영광스러운 것으로 생각하였던), they joyfully determined to accept the risk, to make sure of their vengeance, and to let their wishes wait(그들은 기꺼이 위험을 무릎 쓰기로, 그들의 복수를 반드시 하기로, 그리고 그들의 소망이 실현되기를 결심했습니다); and while committing to hope the uncertainty of final success(그리고 마지막 성공의 불확실성을 기대는 것 대신), in the business before them(그들 앞에 놓여있는 상황에서) they thought fit to act boldly and trust in themselves(그들은 용감히 일어서 그들 자신을 믿는 것만이 옳다고 생각했습니다). Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting(그리하여 굴복하여 목숨을 건지니 차라리 저항하다 죽을 것을 선택한), they fled only from dishonour, but met danger face to face(그들은 불명예로부터 빠져나와 전면으로 위험과 대적했습니다), and after one brief moment(그리고 마지막 순간에), while at the summit of their fortune(마지막 목숨이 있는 동안에도), escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory(그들은 두려움이 아닌 그들의 영광을 바라지 않았습니다).
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[문법분석]
No[앞 문장이 부정이므로 : ‘그렇습니다’로 해석], holding[=thinking] that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings, and reckoning[=considering] this to be the most glorious of hazards, they joyfully determined [A]to accept the risk, [B]to make sure of their vengeance, and [C]to let their wishes wait; and while committing[분사구문: =they committed] to hope the uncertainty of final success, in the business before them[그들 앞에 놓여있는 상황 하에서] they thought[think A B: B를 A를 생각하다] fit to act boldly and trust in themselves. Thus choosing[분사구문: After they chose] to die resisting, rather than[~라기 보다는] to live submitting, they fled (not) only from dishonour, but (also) met danger face to face, and after one brief moment[찰나의 순간 이후, 마지막 순간에], while (they were) at the summit of their fortune[그들의 행운의 정상에 있는, 마지막 목숨이 있는], escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory[영광으로부터 탈출하다=[의역] 영광을 바라지 않았다].
[단어분석]
hold 생각하다; (을) ┅라고 생각하다, 평가하다; 판정하다 / ‡vengeance [véndʒəns] n. U,C 복수, 원수 갚기, 앙갚음. / ‡blessing [blésiŋ] n. ① 축복(의 말); 식전[식후]의 기도. ② 「반어적」 저주(하기). / ‡reckon [rék-ən] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+(to be)보/ +목+전+명』 (┅로) 보다, 간주하다(consider), 판단[단정]하다, 평가하다(as; for). ② (구어) 생각하다(특히 ((미국)에서는 삽입적으로도 쓰임)); (영국속어) 좋다고[가망 있다고] 생각하다. / ‡glorious [glɔ́ːriəs] a. ① 영광스러운, 명예[영예]로운. ② 영광에 넘치는, 이름 높은. / †hazard [hǽzərd] n. ① 위험, 모험; 위험요소; 운에 맡기기; 우연, 운. [SYN.] ⇨ DANGER. / ‡commit [kəmít] vt. (-tt-) ① 『+목+전+명』 위임하다, 위탁하다; 회부하다. ② 『+목+전+명』 (기록·기억·처분·망각 등에) 맡기다, 부치다(to). /
[동의어/반의어]
vengeance n. reprisal[ripráiz-əl, retaliation[ritæ̀liéiʃ-ən], v. avenge[əvéndʒ], punish[pʌ́niʃ], repay[riːpéi], retaliate[ritǽlièit], vindicate[víndəkèit] ant. pardon[pɑ́ːrdn] forgive[fəːrgív]
glorious a. gorgeous[gɔ́ːrʤəs], magnificent[mægnífəsənt], marvelous[mɑ́ːrv-ələs], superb[suːpə́ːrb], splendid[spléndid], consummate[kənsʌ́mət] 완전한, divine[diváin], sublime[səbláim], lustrous[lʌ́strəs], transcendent[trænséndənt], bright[brait], brilliant[bríljənt], radiant[réidiənt], resplendent[rispléndənt] ant. terrible[térəb-əl] dull[dʌl]
Athena Mourning”So died these men as became Athenians. You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier issue. And not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country, though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker even before an audience so alive to them as the present, you must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes upon her from day to day, till love of her fills your hearts; and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you, you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor, but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution that they could offer. [Image: Athena mourning a dead Greek hero; fifth-century marble relief in the Acropolis Museum.
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[본문해석]
Athena Mourning(아테네는 애도합니다). So died these men as became Athenians(이분들은 아테네인이 되고자 목숨을 바쳤습니다). You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field(생존자 여러분들도 전장에서 단호한 결심을 하신 것이 틀림없습니다), though you may pray that it may have a happier issue(비록 행운이 따르기를 기도했을지라도). And not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country(여러분의 조국수호와 결부된 단지 몇 마디의 편의에 기인한 생각에 만족하지 않고), though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker even before an audience so alive to them as the present(비록 현재와 같이 그들에게 너무나 생생했던 것처럼 청중들 앞에서 조차 이러한 생각이 연설자에게 어떤 귀중한 연설주제를 줄 것을 바랄지라도), you must yourselves realize the power of Athens(여러분들은 아테네의 국력을 절감했음이 틀림없습니다), and feed your eyes upon her from day to day, till love of her fills your hearts(그리고 조국의 사랑이 여러분의 가슴을 가득 채울 때까지, 여러분은 조국에 만족했음이 틀림없습니다); and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you(그리므로 모든 조국의 위대함이 여러분들에게 밀려오게 될 때), you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this(이것은 시민들이 이 모든 것을 쟁취하도록 한 행동에서 용기, 의무감, 그리고 명예심으로 성취된 것이라 여러분은 분명 생각할 것입니다), and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor(그리고 모험적인 전쟁에서 어떠한 개인적인 실패도 그들로 하여금 용맹한 그들의 조국을 앗아가는 것을 용납할 수 없게 했습니다), but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution that they could offer(그러나 그들은 그것(개인적인 실패)을 그들이 줄 수 있었던 가장 영광스런 공헌으로서 조국의 발아래에 깔아 놓았습니다).
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[문법분석]
Athena (is) Mourning. So died these men as became Athenians[so A as B : B처럼 A한: 아테네 시민이 되는 것과 같이 목숨을 받친 것입니다]. You, their survivors, must[조동사: ~임에 틀림없다] determine to have as unfaltering a resolution[as(so)+형용사+a/an+단수명사: 아주 단호한 결단력] in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier issue[신의 가오를 바라다]. And [분사구문] (Because they were) not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country, though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker[연설자에게도 말할 주제를 제공하다] even before an audience so alive to them as the present[지금처럼 그들에게도 너무나 생생했던 것처럼], [주어]you must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes upon her[조국에 대해 만족하다] from day to day, till[접속사:~까지 계속해서] love of her fills your hearts; and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you[~로 밀려오다], you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that[동격접속사] men were enabled to win all this, and (you must reflect) that no personal failure in an enterprise[군사작전] could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor, but they laid it at her feet as[전치사:~처럼] the most glorious contribution that[관계대명사] they could offer[목적어는 the most glorious contribution].
[단어분석]
‡mourn [mɔːrn] v. ―vi. 『+전+명』 ① 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다(for; over). ② 죽음을 애통해하다(grieve); 조상(弔喪)하다, 애도하다. / unfaltering [ʌnfɔ́ːltəriŋ] a. 비틀거리지[흔들리지] 않는, 확고한; 주저하지 않는, 단호한. / ‡derive [diráiv] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 끌어 내다(from); 손에 넣다, 획득하다(from). ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅의 기원을[유래를] 찾다(from) / ‡advantage [ædvǽntidʒ, -vɑ́ːn-, əd-] n. ① U 유리, 이익; 편의. [SYN.] ⇨ PROFIT. ② U 우세, 우월(of something to someone). ③ C 이점, 장점. / ‡furnish [fə́ːrniʃ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+목』 (필요한 물건을) 공급하다, 제공하다, 주다. / ⁂feed [fiːd] v. (p., pp. fed [fed]) ④ 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ┅에게 즐거움을 주다; 만족시키다(gratify). / ♣break on [upon] ┅에 돌연 나타나다; (파도가) ┅으로 밀려오다; ┅이 분명해지다. / ‡deprive [dipráiv] vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 ┅에게서 빼앗다, 박탈하다(of). [SYN.] ⇨ ROB. /
[동의어/반의어]
mourn v. grieve[griːv], lament[ləmént], languish[lǽŋgwiʃ], pine[pain], sorrow[sɑ́rou, sɔ́ːr] ant. rejoice[ridʒɔ́is]
unfaltering a. constant[kɑ́nstənt], dependable[dipéndəbl], reliable[riláiəb-əl], steady[stédi], unwavering[ʌnwéivəriŋ], endless[éndlis], enduring[indjúəriŋ], inexhaustible[ìnigzɔ́ːstəbəl], infallible[infǽləbəl], perfect[pə́ːrfikt], unerring[ʌnə́ːriŋ] ant. inconstant[inkɑ́nstənt], finite[fáinait], fallible[fæ̀ləbəl
advantage n. benefit[bénəfit], blessing[blésiŋ], boon[buːn], privilege[prívəlidʒ], odds[ɑdz/ɔdz], allowance[əláuəns], edge[edʒ], handicap[hǽndikæp̀], gain[gein], interest[íntərist], profit[prɑ́fit] ant. curse[kəːrs] disadvantage[dìsədvǽntiddʒ]
furnish v. equip[ikwíp], gear[giər], outfit[áutfìt], provide[prəváid], rig[rig], stock[stɑk/stɔk] supply[səplái]
For this offering of their lives made in common by them all they each of them individually received that renown which never grows old, and for a sepulcher, not so much that in which their bones have been deposited, but that noblest of shrines wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally remembered upon every occasion on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration. For heroes have the whole earth for their tomb; and in lands far from their own, where the column with its epitaph declares it, there is enshrined in every breast a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it, except that of the heart.
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[본문해석]
For this offering of their lives made in common by them all(그들 모두의 똑같은 희생으로) they each of them individually received that renown which never grows old(결코 퇴색되지 않을 명성을 그들 개개인은 받으셨습니다), and for a sepulcher, not so much that in which their bones have been deposited(그들의 유해가 안치된 무덤이라서가 아닌), but that noblest of shrines(가장 숭고한 사당으로서) wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally remembered upon every occasion on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration(전사들의 행동과 이야기로 기념식이 열린 땐 늘 이곳에서 그들의 영광은 영원히 기억될 것입니다). For heroes have the whole earth for their tomb(왜냐하면 영웅들은 그들 묘지로 전 대지를 감싸 안았기 때문입니다); and in lands far from their own(그들 자신의 고향에서 멀리 떨어진 대지에서), where the column with its epitaph declares it(비문 기둥이 그것을 선언하는 곳에서), there is enshrined in every breast a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it, except that of the heart(용기 있는 자들의 기록은 제외하더라도, 기록을 보존할 평판이 없이 써진 기록은 모든 사람들의 가슴 마다 소중히 간직되어 있습니다).
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[문법분석]
For[전치사:~을 위해서] this offering of their lives[헌신: 국가에 목숨을 바침] made in common by them all[그들 모두에 의해: 전장에서 순국한 전사들] they each of them[그들 각각] individually received that renown which[관계대명사] never grows[목적어는 that renown] old, and for a sepulcher, not so much that[부사구: 그래서가 아닌] in which[관계대명사:=where 선행사는 a sepulcher] their bones have been deposited[유해가 안치되어 있는], but that[not A but B용법: that[지시대명사]] noblest of shrines wherein[전치사+관계대명사=in which용법] their glory is laid up[저장되어 있다, 놓여 있다] to be eternally remembered upon every occasion[전치사구: 언제나] on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration[그들의 공적을 기념할 때]. For[=because] heroes have the whole earth for their tomb[영웅들을 전 지역에서 기리다]; and in lands far from their own, where[관계부사: ~인 곳에서] the column with its epitaph declares it[비문에 새겨진 영웅들의 명성], there is enshrined[주어는 a record] in every breast[모든 사람들의 가슴마다] a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it[=a record], except[전치사: ~제외하고] that[=a record] of the heart.
[단어분석]
†offering [ɔ́(ː)fəriŋ, ɑ́f-] n. C,U ① (신에의) 공물, 제물, 봉납(물). ② (교회에의) 헌금, 헌납. ③ 선물(gift). ④ 신청, 제공; 팔 물건, 매물(賣物). / †renown [rináun] n. U 명성, 영명(令名). / †sepulcher, 【영국】 ─chre [sépəlkər] n. ① 묘, 무덤; 매장소 / ‡deposit [dipɑ́zit / -pɔ́z-] v. ―vt. ① 아래에 놓다, 두다; (알을) 낳다. ② 침전시키다, 가라앉히다, 퇴적시키다. / ‡wherein [hwɛərín] ad. (문어) ① 「의문사」 어디에, 어떤 점에서. ② 「관계사」 그 중에, 그 곳에, 그 점에서(in which). / ‡occasion [əkéiʒən] n. ① (특정한) 경우, 때(on), 시(時); 일. ② (┅할) 기회, 호기(好機) (for), 알맞은 때. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPORTUNITY. ③ 중요한 때, 경사스러운 때; 축전(祝典), 행사. ④ U 이유, 근거; 유인(誘因), 원인. / ♣lay up ⑴ 저축[저장]하다; 쓰지 않고 두다. / †commemoration [kəmèməréiʃən] n. U 기념, 축하; C 기념식[축제], 축전; 기념물; (C-) 【영국】 Oxford 대학 기념 축제. / ‡column [kɑ́ləm / kɔ́l-] n. ① 기둥, 원주, 지주; 기둥 모양의 물건. / †epitaph [épətæ̀f, -tɑ̀ːf] n. 비명(碑銘), 비문, 묘비명 / enshrine [enʃráin] vt. ∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ① (성당에) 모시다, 안치하다; 신성한 것으로 소중히 하다, (마음에) 간직하다(in). / ‡tablet [tǽblit] n. ① 평판(平板), 명판(銘板), 기념 액자, 패(牌). ② 작고 납작한 조각(비누·캔디 등). / ⁂heart [hɑːrt] n. ① 심장. ② 용기, 기운. 용기 있는 자, 우수한 사람. /
[동의어/반의어]
deposit v. drop[drɑp], lay[lei], precipitate[prisípətèit] 거꾸로 떨어뜨리다, set[set], accumulate[əkjúːmjəlèit], amass[əmǽs], bank[bæŋk], save[seiv], store[stɔːr] n. alluvium[əlúːviəm] 충적층, 충적토, sediment[sédəmənt] 퇴적물, silt[silt], collateral[kəlǽtərəl], down payment[daun péimənt] (할부금의) 첫 지불액, earnest money[ə́ːrnist mʌ́ni] 계약금 ant. disperse[dispə́ːrs] scatter[skǽtəːr]
commemoration n. carnival[kɑ́ːrnəvəl], feast[fiːst], festival[féstəvəl], gala[gɑ́ːlə], jubilee[dʒúːbəlì:], party[pɑ́ːrti], festivity[festívəti], merrymaking[mérimèikiŋ], revelry[rév-əlri], ceremony[sérəmòuni], commemoration[kəmèməréiʃən], observance[əbzə́ːrvəns], ritual[rítʃu-əl] solemnization[sɑ̀ləmnizéiʃən]
1) ④
2) ②
3) ② 지시대명사[this address] / 나머지는 가주어
4) ④
5) ③
6) ②
7) ⑤
8) ⑤
9) ②
10) ①
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14) ④ lenient → offensive
15) ②
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