[ITQ 한글, 2007, 2010] 06-01회-기출문제전체 요약 강좌

공부한 후에, 잊지 않으셨죠????

[ITQ 엑셀] 23 3회 최신기출문제모든 작업강좌 빠른강좌

멋진 마무리로, 올 한해도 뜻 깊은 ITQ엑셀로 장식하세요.

[ITQ 엑셀] 22 2회 최신기출문제모든 작업강좌 빠른강좌

흡족하시면, 잊지 마셍ㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇ

제01회 정보기술자격(ITQ) 엑셀 시험

제1작업

옳바르게 입력 후, 테두리 작업을 먼저한다.

다음 굵은 상자 테두리 작업을 한다.

대각선 작업을 한다.

채우기 작업을 한다.

아래 영역지역은 

동영상 강좌

동영상 강좌

동영상 강좌

=If(조건, 조건이 참일 때, 조건이 거짓일 때)

=Left(처리할 문자열, 왼쪽에서 추출해낼 문자갯수)

=IF( LEFT(B5, 1) = "H", "호텔", "리조트")

=Rank(순위를 구할 값, 순위 범위, [내림차순=0, 오름차순

        1])

내림차순은 큰 값이 1등으로 처리함, 생략가능. 

오름차순은 큰 값을 꼴찌로 처리함.

=RANK(E5, $E$5:$E$12)

=Round(반올림할 값, 태그)

                        태그는 반올림할 숫자의 위치 지정

=Average(평균을 구할 범위)

=ROUND( AVERAGE(성수기요금), -3)

=Countif(범위, 조건) : 범위에서 '조건'에 만족하는 갯수를 구

함

&(앰퍼쎈드) : 뒤에 문자열을 추가할 때 쓰이는 부호

=COUNTIF(E5:E12, ">=500") & "개"

=Sumif(조건이 포함되는 범위, 조건, 합계를 구할 범위)

=SUMIF(D5:D12, "제주도", E5:E12)

=Vlookup(처리할 값, 처리할 값이 있는 가장 왼쪽의 범위와 추

            출할 값이 있는 범위, 추출할 열 번호,

            정확한 일치의 값 = 0)

=VLOOKUP(H14, C5:E12, 3, 0)

동영상 강좌

제2작업

동영상 강좌

제3작업

동영상 강좌

제4작업

동영상 강좌

[ITQ 엑셀] 20 11회 실전모의고사(모든 작업강좌)

만족하시면, 잊지 마세용ㅇㅇㅇ

[ITQ 한글] 05 강조점, 표작업, 쪽번호설정

동영상 강좌 만족하신가요?

잊지 마세요!!!

[ITQ 한글] 04 문단번호기능

좋은가요? 잊지마세요!!!

[ITQ 한글 03] 머리말, 책갈피, 덧말넣기, 문단 첫글자 장식, 그림넣기, 각주

만족하시면, 잊지 마세요!!!

[ITQ 한글] 02 수식, 도형작업

만족하시면, 잊지 마세요!!!

[한글 ITQ] 01 스타일, 표작성, 차트

만족하시면, 잊지 마세요!!!

[ITQ 엑셀] 함수 쉬게 배우기 002다양함 함수들

만족하셨으면, 잊지 마세요!!!

만족하셨으면, 잊지 마세요!!! 

[ITQ 엑셀] 함수 쉽게 배우기 001Rank, if, sumif

만족하셨나요? 잊은 것 없으신지요?

[ITQ 엑셀] 19-07회~10회 실전모의고사차트작업

만족하셨나요? 잊은 것 없으신지요?

[ITQ 엑셀] 18-07회~10회 실전모의고사(제2~3작업 목표값, 자동필터, 고급필터, 부분합,피벗테이블)

[ITQ 엑셀] 17-07회~10회 실전모의고사(계산작업) 유튜브 스페셜

[ITQ 엑셀] 16 04회~6회 실전모의고사제2~3작업 목표값, 고급필터, 부분합

[ITQ 엑셀] 15-04회~6회 실전모의고사(차트작업) Youtube Special

엑셀팁 Excel Tips, Secrets] 엑셀 오류의 종류와 해결방법 고급엑셀함수 사용법 1 

만족하셨나요? 잊은 것 없으신지요?

01 [엑셀 실무] 유효성 검사의 모든 것 - 고급 실무 함수 

 [고급 엑셀 실무] 견적서, 교육성적표, 매출집계표, 세금계산서 만들기 

[엑셀함수] 01 엑셀 활용마당 함수익히기 sumif, sumifs 활용법 113 

[ITQ 엑셀] 14 04회~6회 실전모의고사(제1작업: 계산작업) Youtube Special Excel

[ITQ 엑셀] 13-01회 실전모의고사(전과정) Youtube Special유튜브 스페셜  

 [ITQ 엑셀] 13-02회 실전 모의고사 전과정(유튜브 스페셜)  

 [ITQ 엑셀] 13-03회 실전 모의고사(전과정)-유튜브 스페셜

베이직(첫걸음) 중학교 기초영어 1(소유격)

http://youtu.be/PhL4Uv3abpE

- 셀카에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?- 세상에 휴대폰에 비춰진 자기 얼굴처럼 보기 흉한게 있을까요?

- What do you think about the selfie?

- Is there on the earth one's own ugly face reflected on the smart phone?

China Warns Of World War 3 Unless The US Backs Down On South China Sea

http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/05/china-warns-of-world-war-3/

http://screenrant.com/best-war-military-movies-list/

Science says these 5 things happen to couples who have been together a long time

Being with someone for a long time changes the way you see the world. It also changes you. Everything from how you act to the way you think shifts in ever-so-slight ways.

And according to Joshua Wolf Shenk, the author of "Powers of Two," these tiny shifts are also the catalyst for a different kind of thought process — a shared mind, so to speak — that allows couples (romantic or not) to come up with more creative solutions to problems than they'd ever think up on their own.

Here are some of the signs psychologists have observed that they say characterize such a shared mind.

1. You and your partner develop your own private language.

Ever get a text from your significant other that means absolutely nothing on its own but carries a certain significance that you can't quite explain? 

This "insider" language is one of the first signs that the two of you are operating in sync, writes Shenk. According to a study from University of Texas professor of communication Robert Hopper, secret communication accomplishes two things: First, it helps deepen your bond — romantic or platonic. Second, it establishes a unique, shared identity. 

Private language can include everything from inside jokes to nicknames, writes Ohio State University psychologist Carol Bruess in a study of romantic couples. Bruess' research suggests a link between how often partners use these private words and how satisfied they are with their relationship. Bruess found that the more often couples used secret words and phrases, the happier they tended to say they were. 

2. You stop self-censoring.

The way most of us speak with strangers, acquaintances and even close friends is markedly different from how we talk when we're alone with our partner.

When we're with others, most of us "self-monitor." That is, we try to please the people around us by adapting our behavior to suit theirs.

But when we're with an inmate partner, we let go of this pattern of behavior and instead "talk fluidly and naturally," Shenk writes. In other words, we stop having to constantly check ourselves before we speak. We're more candid and more open. 

Many of the pairs Shenk talks to in his book have such a relationship. University of California Berkeley psychologist Daniel Kahneman, for example, tells Shenk: "Like most people, I am somewhat cautious about exposing tentative thoughts to others." But after he'd spent a few years working with his research partner, cognitive psychologist Amos Tverksy, "this caution was completely absent."

3. You start to sound alike.

In addition to having their own private vocabulary, long term couples eventually "start to match each other in the basic rhythms and syntactical structures of their speech," writes Shenk.

Part of that is a result of a phenomenon that psychologists call "emotional contagion." Basically, when two people spend enough time together, they begin to match each other's speech patterns. We mimic everything from the other person's accent to the amount and length of pauses he or she puts between words and sentences.

There's some evidence to suggest that these changing speech patterns can even serve as one indicator of how long a couple might stay together.

Part of a 2010 study of language use among couples that looked at couples' text messages, for example, found that when two people "sounded" more alike (in terms of the words and language structure they used in their messages) they were also more likely to still be dating three months later.

4. You start to look alike.

In his influential 1987 study, psychologist Robert Zajonc found that there's a very obvious reason that married couples start to look alike: They use the same muscles so often that, over time, they start to mirror each other. 

This coordination of movement isn't accidental, says Shenk. Instead, it "reflects what psychologists call a 'shared coordinative structure' which includes how we harmonize our gaze, body sway, and the little mannerisms and idiosyncrasies of how we speak.

5. You have a bunch of inside jokes that no one else thinks are funny.

Research suggests that couples are more likely to mirror each other's body language — which in turn makes them look alike — because they're drawing from a wealth of knowledge that only they share. This "insider info" — all of your shared experiences and memories — informs your gestures, posture, and the words and phrases you use with each other. 

A 2007 study, for example, found that people were more likely to copy each other's eye gaze when they'd both heard the same background information before their conversation. 

Why is North Korea executing high-level officials with anti-aircraft guns? 왜 북한은 최고위층 관리들을 고사포로 처형하고 있나?

North Korea has reportedly executed a top official, Defense Minister Hyon Yong Chol, in a most North Korean manner: by shooting him to pieces with an anti-aircraft gun in front of a crowd of hundreds of other officials.

That's according to South Korea's intelligence service (NIS), which has a history of exaggerating reports about North Korea that make the country look bad. Indeed, while South Korean lawmakers at first described the NIS as categorically stating that Hyon had definitely been executed, the NIS later told the press that they were certain Hyon had been purged, and that they believed with confidence that he had been executed, but were still working to verify the latter.

In any case, there's reason to believe this could have actually happened — and that it could speak volumes about North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's hold on power.

First, the official story, according to South Korean intelligence: Kim Jong Un allegedly deemed his defense minister, Hyon Yong Chol, disloyal for dozing off during high-level events and for second-guessing Kim's orders. (You can bet the truth is probably closer to second-guessing, or outright insubordination, than it is to unauthorized napping.) On April 30, Hyon was stood before an anti-aircraft gun — which is essentially a mobile platform of four machine guns large and powerful enough to shoot down an airplane — and executed.

Does North Korea execute people with anti-aircraft guns?

North Korea is an information black hole, and the more salacious reports about it — for example, a story last year that Kim had fed his uncle to 120 hungry dogs — sometimes turn out to be false. For some time, there have been rumors of North Korea executing people with anti-aircraft guns, and it looked like those might also be false.

According to a recent report by the group Human Rights in North Korea, though, those rumors might actually be true. Analysts with the group observed satellite photos from October 2014 that appeared to show a large number of VIPs bused into a military training area, where they watched as several Soviet-made anti-aircraft guns fired down a range at small targets about 100 feet away.

The report, which the Washington Post's Adam Taylor says is credible, concludes that the targets were almost certainly people being executed:

The most plausible explanation of the scene captured in the October

7th satellite image is a gruesome public execution. Anyone who has witnessed the damage one single U.S. .50 caliber round does to the human body will shudder just trying to imagine a battery of 24 heavy machine guns being fired at human beings. Bodies would be nearly pulverized.

The point of such executions, of course, would be precisely to be gruesome and horrifying, to send a message to other officials of both the strength of the regime and the price of any disloyalty.

The greatest danger to Kim Jong Un's rule wouldn't be outside threats or even a popular uprising, but rather the circle of elites who surround him and keep him in power. So the young Kim may feel it's crucial to constantly signal that he is in charge and that top officials must stay in line.

These executions appear to be much more common under his rule than they were under his father or grandfather. The uncle who was rumored to have been killed by dogs, for example, turned out to have more likely been executed by anti-aircraft gun.

Kim Jong Un is "trigger-happy" when it comes to executing top officials

One of the world's top North Korea analysts, Andrei Lankov, points out at NKNews that the country's previous two rulers — founding leader Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il — rarely executed top officials. And purged officials were more likely to be exiled, say, to a farm, than outright killed.

But Kim Jong Un, Lankov writes, has "proved himself to be remarkably trigger-happy" when it comes to executing top officials. Kim, after all, is quite young and inexperienced, and spent much of his life in lavish boarding schools abroad. He may well be "potentially the object of ridicule but also contempt" among top officials, who are older and more experienced. This likely explains the near-continuous series of high-level purges since Kim came into power with his father's 2011 death, including his own uncle last year.

There are two ways, then, to read Kim's habit of high-level and ultra-violent purges. Perhaps it is a show of his strength: if he can even have a decorated military leader like Hyon Yong Chol killed and can march hundreds of his officials out to a firing range to make them quietly watch, then he must be pretty powerful. Or perhaps the fact that Kim thinks he has to do this at all shows how fundamentally insecure his rule is — and that could actually make his hold on power even weaker.

S.Korea says North defence chief executed with anti-aircraft fire

동영상 강좌 - 해석기법

https://youtu.be/k3WZaNr1-cw

The word midden is used to describe an area where household waste is deposited.

패총(貝塚)이란 단어는 가정의 쓰레기가 버려지는 곳을 설명하는데 사용된다.

Shell middens are accumulations of shells, from shellfish such as freshwater mussels or oysters, left behind by the prehistoric humans that consumed them, often along with bones and other items.

폐총은 민물 조개나 굴과 같은 조개류의 껍질이 쌓여진 것으로, 그것들을 소비한 선사시대 원시인들이 뼈와 다른 것들과 더불이 남겨 놓은 것들이다.

They may be buried in layers within the earth or piled up in bulging mounds.

그것들은 지표안 여러 층으로 쌓여 있거나 튀어 나온 언덕일 수도 있다.

Shell middens vary greatly in size, representing anything from a single meal of a passing nomadic tribe to the accumulated waste of a civilization over thousands of years.

패총은 유랑하는 유목민의 유일한 음식으로부터 수 천년에 걸친 문명이 쌓아 놓은 쓰레기를 대표하는 것으로 크기가 아주 다양하다.

동영상 강좌 - 해석기법

https://youtu.be/k3WZaNr1-cw

They are usually found in flood plains or other types of wetlands, and have been unearthed by archaeologists in coastal areas all around the world.

그것들은 범람원이나 다른 종류의 습지에서 보통 발견되고, 전 세계의 해안가 지역에서 고고학자들에 의해 발굴되고 있다.

==================================================

Shell middens are capable of providing valuable information on how ancient people lived, yielding evidence of what they ate, and how they prepared it. 

패총은 고대 사람들이 어떠한 삶을 살았는지에 관한 귀중한 정보를 제공하고, 그들이 무엇을 먹었는지에 대한 증거를 제시하며, 그들이 어떻게 음식을 준비했는지에 대한 것들을 제공할 수 있다.

Shell midden may also contain other evidence of the culture that these people produced, such as stone tools, arrowheads, or fish hooks. 

패총은 또한 이러한 사람들이 생산한 문화, 즉 돌도구, 화살촉, 또는 낚시바늘과 같은 다른 증거를 포함한다.

동영상 강좌 - 해석기법

https://youtu.be/k3WZaNr1-cw

Bird and animal bones found in middens can tell us what species inhabited a region in the past, while seeds can give clues to the plant life of that time. 

폐총에서 발견된 새와 동물뼈들은 우리에게 무슨 종들이 과거에 한 지역에 서식했는지을 알려주고, 씨앗은 그 당시의 식물생존에 대한 단서도 제공할 수 있다.

Archaeologists can also learn a variety of things from the shells themselves. 

고고학자들은 또한 조개껍데기 그 자체로 부터 다양한 것을 터득할 수도 있다.

Mussel shells contain growth rings that are similar to the rings found within the trunk of a tree, added at certain seasonal intervals as the organism grows. 

폐총은 유기체가 성장하는 동안 어떠한 계절적인 간격에 추가되는 나이테 안에서 발견되는 고리와 유사한 성장 고리를 포함한다.

The size and shape of the rings vary according to climatic events. such as floods or droughts, giving reserchers a picture of environmental conditions around the time when the shellfish were collected and consumed.

그 고리의 크기와 모양은 기후적인 사건들, 즉 홍수나 가뭄에 따라 다양하여, 연구원들에게 그 조개류가 수집되고 소비된 시대의 환경적 상태의 그림을 제공한다.

==================================================

동영상 강좌 - 해석기법

https://youtu.be/k3WZaNr1-cw

Other items contained in a shell midden can be exceptionally well-known due to the chemical composition of the soil in which they are found. 

어떠한 폐총에 포함되어 있는 다른 물건들은 그것들이 발견된 토양의 화학적 성분으로 인해 특히 잘 알려질 수 있다.

When a shell contacts groundwater in the soil, the water partially dissolves the shell, causing it to release calcium carbonate, and alkaline solution that neutralizes the sol's acidity. 

조개껍질이 토양 속의 지하수와 접촉할 때, 물은 부분적으로 그 조개껍질을 녹여 탄산칼슘과 그 지역 토양의 산성을 중성화 시키는 알카리성 용액을 방출한다.

Because this acidity is responsible for much of the decay that occurs in bones and other organic material, neutralizing it allows any archaeological relics located in a midden to be preserved. 

이 산성은 뼈와 다른 유기물질 속에서 일어나는 많은 부패의 주 원인이기 때문에, 이것을 중성화시키는 것은 폐종이 위치한 어떠한 고고학적 유물이 보존되도록 한다.

As a result, these objects often provide extraordinary data on the lives of the ancient people who created the midden.

결과적으로, 이러한 물체는 종종 그 폐총을 만든 그 시대의 고대인들의 삶에 대한 놀라운 데이터를 제공한다.

동영상 강좌 - 해석기법

https://youtu.be/k3WZaNr1-cw

해석기법 - 동영상 강좌

https://youtu.be/RjASWz7TvwA

North Korea did not test fire a ballistic missile from a submarine as Pyongyang claimed 

북한 미사일 발사에 대한 미국 입장

Washington (AFP) - North Korea did not test fire a ballistic missile from a submarine as Pyongyang claimed over the weekend and the country is still a long way from achieving such a capability, US officials said Monday.

"That was not a ballistic missile," a defense official told AFP.The North's state media said on Saturday that a new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) had been tested but US officials rejected the regime's account.

The official played down the test, saying it did not represent a technical breakthrough for the North.

"They are trying to develop that capability," but there was no "imminent" threat of a submarine-launched missile arsenal coming on line in North Korea, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

Pyongyang's state media said North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un touted the test as an "eye-opening success" that gives his military a "world-level strategic weapon."

해석기법 - 동영상 강좌

https://youtu.be/RjASWz7TvwA

South Korea called on North Korea to halt the program and assessed Pyongyang was still in the "early phase" of developing submarine-launched missiles.The precise nature of the launch remained unclear. Some analysts suggested the missile might have travelled only a few hundred meters, and that the event did not qualify as a full flight test.

But a defense official in Seoul, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the North could have a fully operational submarine armed with ballistic missiles within four or five years.

Experts say North Korea bought submarine missile technology from Russia shortly after the end of the Cold War, and has tried to reverse-engineer old Russian subs to build a launch system.

"We don't expect them to develop a highly capable system anywhere remotely similar to our ballistic missiles on submarines, but if they can put a missile on a submarine, even a short to medium-range missile, then that would obviously complicate our effort to track their missiles," John Schilling, an aerospace technology expert, said at a conference in Washington last week.

North Korea is still years away from building long-range missiles that could be fired from subs, according to a recent report by Schilling, who used to advise the US Air Force and now works for the Aerospace Corporation.

The Pentagon declined to comment on the test, saying the US government could not discuss "intelligence matters."

"Any type of launch of this nature would violate at least four UN Security Council resolutions. And it's another example of North Korea's unwillingness to play by the international rules," spokesman Colonel Steven Warren said.

해석기법 - 동영상 강좌

https://youtu.be/RjASWz7TvwA

May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day, also known as Victory in Europe Day, and the end of WWII in Europe. On May 8, 1945, German soldiers laid down their arms throughout Europe surrendering to the Allied powers. Thousands of people marched on the streets celebrating this tremendous victory in both the United States and United Kingdom. (AP)

A state-of-the-art Russian tank, which was shown to the public for the first time earlier this month, on Thursday ground to a halt during the final Victory Day rehearsal.

A huge American flag unfurled in New Yorkâs Herald Square on VE Day on May 8, 1945. This 80x160 foot flag was hung from the eighth floor balcony of Macyâs New York department store, covering the façade from 34th and 35th Streets along Broadway. Beneath it were placed a set of British, Chinese, French and Russian flags, held by two giant mailer fists. (AP Photo)

President Harry S. Truman smiles happily as he announces to the press the complete victory of the Allies over Germany, during a ceremony at the White House in Washington, D.C., May 8, 1945. Seated near the wall behind Truman are, left to right: Elmer Davis, Secretary Henry A. Wallace, Maj. Gen. Philip Fleming, Rep. Joseph Martin, Jr., Gen. George C. Marshall, J. Leonard Reinsch, Col. Harry Vaughan, John Snyder, first lady Bess Truman, Mary Margaret Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson. Fred M. Vinson is in the foreground. (AP Photo)

President Harry S. Truman (right center), gestures as he tells newsmen details of surrender of Germany during press conference at the White House in Washington, May 8, 1945 attended by 123 reporters. At top, facing, are (left to right): Gen. G.C. Marshall, Col. Harry Vaughan, J.L. Reinsch, Rep. Joseph Martin, first lady Bess Truman, Rep. John W. McCormack, Mary Margaret Truman, Admiral William D. Leahy, Capt. James K. Vardaman, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, Matthew Connally, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal, Senate President Protem Kenneth McKellar, Edward McKin, Stephen Larly, Jonathan Daniels, Attorney General Francis Biddle and Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. (AP Photo)

The Tower of London floodlit during the VE Day celebrations, on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

A seething mass of humanity jammed itself into Whitehall VE-Day, to see the Premier, his cabinet ministers and chief of staff who are to appear on the balcony of the Ministry of Health. A view of the enormous crowd packed into Whitehall as one looks down the street toward the Cenotaph, London, on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

A seething mass of humanity jammed itself into Whitehall on VE-Day, to see the premier, his cabinet ministers and chiefs of staff who are to appear on the balcony of the Ministry of Health. A section of the huge crowd gathered in Parliament Square into Whitehall in London on May 8, 1945, as they listened to the premierâs broadcast officially announcing Germanyâs unconditional surrender. (AP Photo)

Britain's King George VI talks with Prime Minister Winston Churchill and members of the cabinet and chiefs of staff in the grounds of Buckingham Palace, in London on May 8, 1945, during VE Day celebrations. in the foreground are, Sir Archibald Sinclair, Lord Woolton, Winston Churchill, King George VI, Herbret Morrison, Ernest Bevin, Sir John Anderson. (AP Photo)

Mounted policemen strive to clear a path for Premier Winston Churchillâs car on its way through a surging crowd of VE Day celebrants in Parliament Square, London on May 8, 1945, after announcement of German surrender. The premier stands in his car to acknowledge cheers of crowd. (AP Photo)

Pfc. Clarence K. Ayers of Evansville, Ind., reads the news of V-E Day as newly arrived German prisoners stand of a New York City pier, May 8, 1945. (AP Photo/John Rooney)

Crowds of civilians, British and Allied troops wave and cheer as Winston Churchill, second balcony from left, and members of the cabinet appear, to celebrate the end of the war in Europe, in Whitehall, London, May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill, center, joins the royal family, from left, Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, and Princess Margaret, on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, London, England, on VE-Day on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

A crowd gathers to celebrate V-E Day at Piccadilly Circus in London, England, on May 8, 1945. The statute of Eros in the center of the square has been boarded up throughout the war for protection from bombing. (AP Photo)

St. Paul's Cathedral, one of the buildings that survived the wartime blitzes, is shown at night in floodlighting for the first time in nearly six years as a symbol of victory on V-E Day, Victory in Europe, in London, England, on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

People crowd Times Square at 42nd Street in New York City on May 8, 1945, as the VE Day celebration continues into the night. The dimout and the brownout of the "Great White Way" have been replaced once more by the bright lights of victory. (AP Photo/Matty Zimmerman)

Happy crowds gather round the Rond-Point on the Champs-Elysees, Paris, France, on VE Day, May 8, 1945, to celebrate the announcement of Germany's unconditional surrender. (AP Photo/Henry L. Griffin)

Two men climb a lamppost during nighttime VE Day celebrations in the West End of London, England, on May 7, 1945. (AP Photo)

Staff Sgt. Arthur Moore of Buffalo, N.Y., who was wounded in Belgium, stands on 42nd Street near Grand Central Station in New York Monday, May 7, 1945 as New Yorkers celebrate news of VE Day, victory over Nazi Germany. (AP Photo)

General Dwight D. Eisenhower holds up a V-for-Victory gesture with the two pens used by high ranking German officers in signing the surrender document at the school house in Reims, France on May 7, 1945. Kay Summersby, background left, Eisenhower's chauffeur-secretary, is seen peeking over General Walter Bedell Smith's shoulder. Her face was censored from the official photo taken by T/Sgt. Al Meserlin, Ike's personal photographer. Other officers are not identified. (AP Photo/Al Meserlin)

This is an aerial view of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris on VE Day, May 7, 1945, shows thousands of French people celebrating the announcement of Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies. British, American and French servicemen mingled with the crowds who sang and danced throughout the night. (AP Photo)

President Harry S. Truman sits in front of the microphone holding his speech to the nation announcing the Allied armies won an unconditional surrender from German forces on all fronts in 1945. (AP Photo)

The crowd cheers Britian's Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his Cabinet as they appear on the balcony of the Ministry of Health building, in Whitehall, London, May 8, 1945, to say a few word of thanks to the people. (AP Photo)

France's Foreign Minister Georges Bidault makes a VE Day radio statement from the Opera House in San Francisco, CA, May 8, 1945. Listening to his address are, seated from left, China's Ambassador to the U.S., Wellington Koo, Britain's Foreign Minister Anthony Eden and U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius. (AP Photo)

Sir Gordon Lethem, Governor of British Guiana, announces Germany's unconditional surrender from the balcony of the Public Buildings in Georgetown, British Guiana, on VE Day, May 8, 1945. (AP Photo)

The crowd gathered outside Buckingham Palace, London, on VE Day, May 8, 1945, watch the Guards return to Wellington Barracks after the Changing ceremony. The crowd is waiting for King George VI and his Queen to appear on the balcony. (AP Photo/Leslie Priest)

A vast crowd assembled in front of Buckingham Palace, London, on VE Day, May 8, 1945, cheers the Royal Family as they come out on the balcony, centre, minutes after the official announcement of Germany's unconditional surrender. From left are: Princess Elizabeth; Queen Elizabeth; King George VI; and Princess Margaret. (AP Photo/Leslie Priest)

Shoppers line up for bread on Chelsea's Pimlico Road, London, on VE Day, May 8, 1945. London's shopkeepers opened their doors for only two hours this morning so Londoner's could buy groceries to last them over the Victory Holiday period. (AP Photo)

Looking north from 44th Street, New York's Times Square is packed Monday, May 7, 1945, with crowds celebrating the news of Germany's unconditional surrender in World War II. (AP Photo/Tom Fitzsimmons)