'성인잡지 번역' 카테고리의 다른 글
02-Becoming Attraction of Adrienne Rusk (0) | 2017.11.30 |
---|---|
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
02-Becoming Attraction of Adrienne Rusk (0) | 2017.11.30 |
---|---|
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Hi, this is Alysa. I want to tell you that I love having a man's cock inside my ass more than anything else. With the first guy who fucked me back there, it was his idea, however, it's been my idea with every other guy since then. Some guys are really surprised that a girl even think about things like that. Their first reaction is always, "You... want it there?"
-
- cock : (남성의) 성기 / ass : 항문 / fuck : ~와 성교하다
I'm always careful how I tell a guy what I want, or else he'll freak out. Sometimes he won't think I'm serious. Yet, after I suck on his balls, lick his cock, and stick my tongue up his ass - he knows I'm a lot sluttier than I look; especially after I've got my tongue inside his asshole. That's the moment that he really figures out that I'm for real. I've found anything else that'll loose a guy up quite as fast. Once I do that - all bets are off. I guess that's why I'm not like most girls. A lot of girls I know just want to get it over with. I, on the other hand, want sex to be hot, sweaty and crazy!
- I've found 현재 완료(결과)
- freak out (비격식) 기겁을 하다[하게 만들다] / sluttish (여성이) 단정치 못한 / loose up 긴장을 풀어주다 / bet (비격식) 짐작, 추측 / get over with ~을 끝내다
Even though I'm such an anal freak, I still have to get ready for it. It's not really very good for quickies, if you get my drift. I need a comfortable place, like a bedroom setting. It helps if we loosen up first with a few drinks. I need to feel secure about the man I'm with, first and foremost. He's got to be loving and gentle; and turn me on in just the right ways, because lots of foreplay is a must! Since my second favorite thing (after getting butt fucked) is giving head - my pussy always gets really wet when I deep throat a guy, and feel my lower lip against his super-hot balls.
- get + 사물 + p.p : 사물이 p.p되어지게 하다
- freak ~광, 괴짜, 괴물(같은 사람) / quickie : 빨리[잠깐] 하는 것 / drift : 미는 힘, 추진력 / loosen up : 긴장을 풀다 / foreplay 전희 / butt 궁둥이 / give head 입으로 애무를 해 주다 / pussy 여자의 성기(vulva) / throat 목구멍 깊이 넣다
That way, I can let him put his cock inside my pussy and get him nice and slippery, so that when he pulls out and goes right into my asshole, he'll slide in really easy. I'll work him inside me very gently and let my muscles loosen up as he goes deeper. If I'm with a guy with a really big cock - like Matt - I'm able to handle him pretty well, just as long as I get super-relaxed first.
-
- that way 그와 같이
That's why I spend so much time sucking on his pole. With some guys, they can't handle me doing that very long and they'll cum in my mouth - and then they aren't worth anything to me. So, I really do prefer guys like Matt who have plenty of staying power. I know I can suck Matt's prick for an hour without having to worry about surprises, and then when he's ready to fuck my ass, he can do it for a half-hour, which is about the length of time that I can stand. After 30 minutes of getting my ass fucked, I'm completely out of my mind!
-
- cum 사정하다 / prick 음경 / out of one's mind 미친
02-Becoming Attraction of Adrienne Rusk (0) | 2017.11.30 |
---|---|
01-Dirty Sexy Weekend-해석 및 분석 (0) | 2017.11.28 |
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Musings from the bed of Pamela
Plus: Ms. Anderson's Never-before-seen nude portfolio
A crimson wine from my lips, drips intoxication... The war is over... The new Sexual Revolution is in direct proportion to our cultural freedom. Political ramifications and... Potentially the lost art form of selfless sensuality... Caring... Letting go - giving with abandon...
We can't let the Beats down... Those and many others set the stage for more raw uncensored pose... A meaningful life...
The youth... The wild that rose up from the ashes. The adults... Living and dead that fought for our rights... Artists... Sweet artists... Hold on... Crazy, the world goes... And goes...
We can't let the Beats down... Those and many others set the stage for more raw uncensored pose... A meaningful life...
The youth... The wild that rose up from the ashes. The adults... Living and dead that fought for our rights... Artists... Sweet artists... Hold on... Crazy, the world goes... And goes...
-
- portfolio : 서류 가방, (특히 구직 때 제출하는 사진, 그림 등의) 작품집 / crimson 진홍색 / drip 방울방울[뚝뚝] 흐리다[떨어지다/듣다] / intoxication 취함, 극도의 흥분, 도취 / in direct proportion to ~에 정비례해서 / ramification 파문, 영향(어떤 행동, 결정에 따라 생기는, 예상 밖의 복잡한 여러 결과, 영향들 중 하나)
01-Dirty Sexy Weekend-해석 및 분석 (0) | 2017.11.28 |
---|---|
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
02-Humor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Playboy Advisor
My father cheated, my friends cheat, and I am ashamed to say I have cheated. I do not want to cheat anymore. Is there a medical procedure to curb my appetites? Would having a testicle removed do anything? - D.S., Sand Diego, California.
- I have cheated : (현재완료 계속) 속이는 일을 계속하고 있다 / have + 목적어(사물) + p.p : 목적어(사물) ~되어지게 하다
- be ashamed to ~을 부끄럽게 여기다 / curb : 자제하다 / testicle : 고환
Don't remove anything. Research suggests genetics plays a role in men cheating, but it's nothing a concept known as free will can't overcome. In 2008 scientists at the Karolineska Institute in Stockholm found men with one or two copies of a specific gene variant, or allele, had up to twice the disk of experiencing marital dysfunction, including a recent threat of divorce, compared with men carrying no copies.
- but it's nothing (that) a concept [known as free] will : that이 생략된 구문임
- play a role : 역할을 하다 / variant : 변형 / allele : (생물) 대립 형질[유전자] / dysfunction : 기능장애 / disk : 원반 조직
However, about 15 percent of that group of naturally devoted husbands also reported discord, so environmental factors such as religious beliefs and family background certainly play a role. But let's say the research leads to a pill or shot to suppress the adultery instinct. As the novelist Walter Kirn has observed, "The problem with a drug that makes us be good is that being good, when it comes naturally, isn't that big an achievement, morally speaking."
-
- let's say : 예를 들면
In other words, no one admires a eunuch for his self-control. Further, Kirn predicts men, "most in need of a monogamy injection would be the least inclined to have one," and that women could "lock down" partners by insisting on an injection before they agree to sex. Even if you could take a pill, he notes, you'd still feel bad - men feel regret when we stray but also when we don't because of all the other women we could be having sex with but aren't.
-
- eunuck : 환관, 내시 / monogamy injection :
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
---|---|
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
02-Humor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
01-Becoming Attraction (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Eros
The first time I ever got really turned on giving a blow job I was 22, on a date with a man I barely knew but liked a lot. It was night, in a parking lot after a Bad Brains show, and he leaned against the hood of my car while I got on my knees. We could have been strangers - we almost were - and somehow the darkness, the anonymity of the situation liberated me from worrying about doing something wrong or feeling self-conscious. I allowed myself to sink deep into the fantasy of what it must feel like for him - the pressure, the warmth, the wetness. All of a sudden the only thing in the world was that cock and my connection to it.
-
- blow job : 구강섹스 / turn on : ~에 흥미를 끌다 / barely : 거의 ~아니게[없이]
Before that night I had been wary of the blow job, thought of it as something you "gave" someone, like a gift. Or, occasionally, as something that had to be done as a duty. It was just that I was unsure of cock when I got up close to one; it contained unreadable male mysteries. I might hurt it or maybe just do nothing right. Maybe I looked ridiculous. I didn't really know what parts of it wanted to be touched, or how. It seemed to be its own creature, almost uncannily separate from the man who owned it. Perhaps simpleminded but authoritarian and judgemental.
-
- wary of : 경계하는 / get up 일으켜 세우다 / close to : 아주 가까이 / uncannily : 초자연적으로, 신비적으로 /
Many of my friends, or at least the ones who talked about fellatio, often described it as something distasteful or as a reward to bestow or even a means of controlling a man. My friends talked about feeling uncomfortable, being alone with a part of your boyfriend that was him but was not him. I understood; there could be something lonely about the act, something that made you feel disconnected from your partner. It was easy to imagine you were just an appendage to masturbation.
-
- fellatio : 구강성교
But starting that night in the parking lot I began to understand the profound, dirty pleasure of giving blow jobs. It isn't just that I discovered how much I like being in control, how much I like giving the kind of pleasure that makes someone helpless and how intoxicating it is to be on the receiving end of hurricane-levels of desire. But, that night, it was also the revelation of the particular male smell you get up close with a cock and balls that turned me on in ways that are almost beyond description. It was like being inside sex.
-
- profound : 심오한 / it isn't just that : ~만은 아니다 / intoxicating : 도취시키는 / revelation : 뜻밖의 발견 / beyond description : 형용할 수 없는
Plato said that human beings can only truly access the Divine through sexual ecstasy, Eros. This has always made so much sense to me. When else are humans as rapt by feeling as when they come and when they touch God? That feeling of connection to the universal, the feeling of having exited my own body as I orgasm is nothing other than touching the infinite.
-
- rapt : rap의 p.p, 황홀하게 하다 / nothing other than = nothing but = only
Yet I have never been able to get close to that Platonic, out-of-my-mind kind of sexual ecstasy unless I can satisfy a primal hunger: Whether in fantasy or reality, I need a connection to another equally raunchy human being. It has always been the case with me, since I was a teenager, that I have to see someone else's horniness in order to feel horny. What I happily realized on my knees in the parking lot is that an erect cock in my face is among the most blatant ways of experiencing the realness of someone else's desire I'd ever encountered. And every time, it spurs a response in me, hot and dark as if I am doing something transgressive in the best possible way.
- the case that I have to see .... : the case는 that절의 동격
- platonic : (육체관계를 하지 않은) 정신적인 사랑의, 플라토닉한 / raunchy : 음란한 / spur : 자극하다 / as if : 마치 ~인 것 처럼
But then there was the time I blew a friend of mine, when I discovered yet a new, more intense level of pleasure waiting for me in the blow job. My friend and I had known each other for years but had never been sexual until one night we wound up drunk, naked in his bed, mumbling about what a bad idea it was. All the awkwardness of being with a new person was made excruciating by the self-consciousness that I really knew this man - his quirks and peeves - the girls he found attractive, the complex relationship he had with his family and his career. But then a supple communication started between me and his penis as I began to suck, a communication beyond words and much deeper than any we had ever had before.
-
- intense : 격렬한 / mumble : 중얼거리다 / excruciating : 몹시 괴로운 / quirk : 변덕 / peeve : 짜증 / supple : 나긋나긋한, 비위를 맞추는
His cock felt so sexy in my mouth, hard and hot and aching with desire. But I could also feel how much of this man was being revealed to me: his sexuality, his vulnerability, his musky smell.
-
- vulnerability : 연약함 / musky : 사향 냄새가 나는
Soon the connection started to feel like a merging, as though I was experiencing that blow job too. It felt crazy, off-the-charts raunchy, to fantasize that I was not only giving head but getting it. All of a sudden I was overwhelmed by pure animal pleasure. I was so turned on that I came.
-
- off-the-charts raunchy : 틀에서 벗어난 음탕한
Since that night's discovery I always revel in the double fantasy of giving and receiving. And I honor the wisdom of the old Greek philosophers who pointed out that although the Divine is inscrutable, it is easy to find while sucking on a dick.
-
- the Divine : 신, 창조주 / inscrutable : 헤아릴 수 없는
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
---|---|
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
02-Humor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
01-Becoming Attraction (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Screen Play
The Ultimate Cyber-Library
Imagine having every PLAYBOY ever published, in one neat library. Now imagine that library shrinking enough to fit in the palm of your hand. Forget the human genome, this is serious technological innovation. The new Playboy Cover to Cover hard drive ($300, playboystore.com) plugs into your computer and offers every issue from 1953 through 2010, with keyword searchability. The women, the words, the legend.....
- imagine + ing : (과거)를 상상하다
- shrink : 줄어들게 하다 / human genome : 인간 유전체 / cover to cover : 처음부터 끝까지 / legend : 전설, (그림 등의) 제목, 성인 이야기
Humor
From the moment I met Bill, on my flight from Tucson to Dallas, I knew he was the perfect man. When most women rattle off a potential mate's must-have qualities, they usually include a decent job, sense of humor, good looks, a tongue with Parkinson's disease. My priorities are always a little different. "You have no computer and no cell phone at all?" I asked incredulously. "Nope," Bill shook his head, smiling. Bill, it turns out, was a member of the rare species of men known as Homo technophobiens. And if he played his cards right with me, he'd soon be Homo erectus.
-
- rattle something off : (기억하고 있는 내용을) 줄줄 말하다 / a tongue with Parkinson's disease : 파킨슨 병에 관한 언변(전문적인 지식) / incredulously : 의심하듯이 / Homo techonphobien : 첨단기술을 배우는 것을 두려워하는 사람 / Homo erectus : 호모 에렉투스(직립 원인) /
I moved as close to him as our first-class seats would allow. Bill went on to tell me he was Native American and didn't believe in modern technology. Whoa! A handsome 45-year-old man who didn't have a douchey screen name like machostudd69? A guy who had never heard the words "Your mail-box is full" except when the Sears catalog came? By the time that flight was over, in my mind I was the future Mrs. Dances With Wolves, and I was this close to taking out his Little Bighorn right there on the plane.
- as ‘형/부사’ as S + V : S가 V할 만큼 ‘형/부사’하게
- whoa : (감탄사) 우와 / douchey : 무려한 말의 / screen name : 닉네임
Why did I get so jazzed at Bill's lack of electronic savvy? The answer is easy: I was fresh out of the craziest relationship of my life, and I was looking for its opposite. My ex, Tommy, was an online playa who used the Net to stimulate his nads. He was the Don Juan of the web, the log-on lothario, the Adonis of AOL.
-
- jazzed : 활기찬 재미있는 / savvy : (실용적인) 지식, 상식, 요령 / nads : (속어) 고환 / Don Juan : (비격식) 호색한 / lothario : 바람둥이 / Adonis : 미소년 / AOL : absent over leave 휴가결근
I never had the feeling Tommy was completely loyal to me. Maybe it was my insecurity, or maybe it was because whenever he heard " You've got mail," he got an erection. In any case, whenever I was with him, I kept one eye on him and the other on his computer. One Saturday morning when Tommy was snoring like an Irishman on March 18, I tiptoed over to his computer and started reading.
-
- erection : 발기 / snore : 코를 골다 / tiptoe : 발끝으로 살금살금 걷다
There, among a smattering of missives from friends and family, was what I had suspected all along. Endless strings of correspondence with more than a dozen women "friends" who were clearly much more. I mean, I've had lots of friends before, but never once has a "friend" sent me pictures of her snatch. Okay, once, but I immediately deleted Barbara Walters from my friends list. But seriously, Tommy's in-box was full of-box! And breasts! There were more boobs than the cast of Jersey Shore.
- Jersey Shore : 20대 이탈리안 미국인 남녀 8명의 사랑과 질투와 갈등을 담은 TV 프로그램
- a smattering of : 조금 / missive : 편지 / snatch : 잡아챔, 성교, 질, 여자
Before the advent of computers it used to be if you feared your boyfriend might cheat, you kept him home. Nowadays, that's the worst place he could be. Let me explain: If I'm dating a guy, he usually has quirky looks - more George Costanza than George Clooney. So when he's out, he flirts only with women who are attractive, and Brad Pitt-iful doesn't get far with that type. But online it's a whole different story. Any guy can pretend he still looks like his college rugby photo and suddenly he's the McDreamy of Match.com. What guy doesn't seem better when you can't smell him?
-
- quirky : 변덕스러운 / flirt : 추파를 던지다 / get far : (사태가) 발전하다
Don't get me wrong: I'm no prude. Taylor Swift I am not. Flirting is par of life that folks - married or single - can enjoy with no guilt, and checking people out online is not cheating any more than checking people out at the mall is. (Although, if you enjoy masturbating while checking people out, stick to doing it online. Mall security hates that.) However, banging someone you met online is cheating. If you're in a relationship, turn off the computer and love the one you're with. Remember the grass is always greener when you don't have to hear the sound of her annoying voice.
-
- prude : 내숭을 떠는 사람 / Taylor Swift : 가수 겸, 영화배우 / stick to : ~을 계속하다 / bang : (속어) 여자와 섹스를 하다, 쾅하고 치다[때리다] / be in a relationship : 누군가를 사귀다 /
Tommy's computer protocol was second only to his phone antics. In fact, Tommy may have been the first person to have the Tiger Woods texting plan - even on our dates. And it wasn't as though his texts were work-related. The only "jobs" he was texting about were blow, hand and rim.
- may have + p.p : (과거의 긍정적인 추측) ~였던 것 같다 / as though : 마치 ~인 것 같은 / about 전치사의 목적어인 the only "jobs"가 주어로 도치됨
- antics : 괴상한 행동 / blow, hand and rim : 섹스
Texting on a date, much like exposing your genitals, is inappropriate unless it's a blind date, and by "blind date" I mean the other person is blind. If you're so bored on a date that you find yourself texting, buy yourself a TV dinner and masturbate. I'm not saying you can't peek at your phone to see if someone hotter wants a shot at you, but typing away like a coked-out Lindsay Lohan is just plain rude. The only way your fingers should be working that hard on a date is if your hands are under the table and up my skirt.
- so bored that 절 : 너무 지루해서 ~하다 / the only way (that) your fingers should be working ..... is if 구문
- genitals : 성기 / blind date : 서로 모르는 남녀의 데이트, 소개팅 / a TV dinner : 텔레비전을 보면서 간단히 먹는 식사 / masturbate : 자위하다 / want a shot at : ~와 섹스를 원하다 / type away : 전적으로 메시지를 입력하다 / coked-out : 코카인(마약)에 취한 /
I know what you're wondering: Did I marry Bill and live a technology-free life as though we were Amish? No. Bill wasn't just technologically retarded; he was also socially retarded. You'd think a guy without the electronic accoutrements of life would have developed interpersonal skills. But alas, Bill had as many friends in real life as he had on the World Wide Web - none. And he had a personality to match.
- as many B as A : A만큼 많은 B인
- Amish : 아미쉬파(현대 기술문명을 거부하고 소박한 농경생활을 하는 미국의 한 종교 집단) / retarded : 발달 능력이 떨어진 / accoutrement : 장비
In the end, I wound up with a guy who had a computer and a cell phone but who gave me his passwords on our third date. Take your diamonds and flowers and stick them up your twats, bitches. The password is the gift that keeps on giving. And I don't have to live in a tepee.
-
- wind up with : ~와 헤어지다 / stick up : ~을 내밀다(주다) / twats : (섹스 상대의) 여자 / bitch : (속어 못마땅함) (개 같은) 년 / tepee : (과거 북미 원주민들의) 원뿔형 천막
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
---|---|
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
01-Becoming Attraction (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Chelsea White
You'll never guess who took this photo. None other than the beautiful woman looking back at you - Chelsea White, a 21-year-old British model turned photographer. “I started taking pictures about a year ago," she says. "I went out and bought a $3,200 camera - after which I thought, I'm going to have to stick with this now! Luckily, I got hooked." In the past 12 months she has shot several 2011 caldendars and a slew of magazine covers. Her subjects include U.K. starlets Lauren Pope and Imogen Thomas and 2007 Playmate of the Year Sara Jean Underwood. "I do shoot men, but I feel more comfortable photographing women. The girls feel comfortable with me too, which lets me get more out of them." See more of Chelsea's work at chelseawhite.co.uk.
- which I though (a $3,200 camera) after
- none other than ~ : 다름 아닌 ~인 / get hooked : ~에 빠지다 / a slew of : 많은
01-Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.28 |
---|---|
06-The Naked Truth (0) | 2017.11.28 |
05-Playboy Advisor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
04-Eros (0) | 2017.11.28 |
02-Humor (0) | 2017.11.28 |
Chelsea White
You'll never guess who took this photo. None other than the beautiful woman looking back at you - Chelsea White, a 21-year-old British model turned photographer. “I started taking pictures about a year ago," she says. "I went out and bought a $3,200 camera - after which I thought, I'm going to have to stick with this now! Luckily, I got hooked." In the past 12 months she has shot several 2011 caldendars and a slew of magazine covers. Her subjects include U.K. starlets Lauren Pope and Imogen Thomas and 2007 Playmate of the Year Sara Jean Underwood. "I do shoot men, but I feel more comfortable photographing women. The girls feel comfortable with me too, which lets me get more out of them." See more of Chelsea's work at chelseawhite.co.uk.
- which I though (a $3,200 camera) after
- none other than ~ : 다름 아닌 ~인 / get hooked : ~에 빠지다 / a slew of : 많은
Screen Play
The Ultimate Cyber-Library
Imagine having every PLAYBOY ever published, in one neat library. Now imagine that library shrinking enough to fit in the palm of your hand. Forget the human genome, this is serious technological innovation. The new Playboy Cover to Cover hard drive ($300, playboystore.com) plugs into your computer and offers every issue from 1953 through 2010, with keyword searchability. The women, the words, the legend.....
- imagine + ing : (과거)를 상상하다
- shrink : 줄어들게 하다 / human genome : 인간 유전체 / cover to cover : 처음부터 끝까지 / legend : 전설, (그림 등의) 제목, 성인 이야기
Humor
From the moment I met Bill, on my flight from Tucson to Dallas, I knew he was the perfect man. When most women rattle off a potential mate's must-have qualities, they usually include a decent job, sense of humor, good looks, a tongue with Parkinson's disease. My priorities are always a little different. "You have no computer and no cell phone at all?" I asked incredulously. "Nope," Bill shook his head, smiling. Bill, it turns out, was a member of the rare species of men known as Homo technophobiens. And if he played his cards right with me, he'd soon be Homo erectus.
-
- rattle something off : (기억하고 있는 내용을) 줄줄 말하다 / a tongue with Parkinson's disease : 파킨슨 병에 관한 언변(전문적인 지식) / incredulously : 의심하듯이 / Homo techonphobien : 첨단기술을 배우는 것을 두려워하는 사람 / Homo erectus : 호모 에렉투스(직립 원인) /
I moved as close to him as our first-class seats would allow. Bill went on to tell me he was Native American and didn't believe in modern technology. Whoa! A handsome 45-year-old man who didn't have a douchey screen name like machostudd69? A guy who had never heard the words "Your mail-box is full" except when the Sears catalog came? By the time that flight was over, in my mind I was the future Mrs. Dances With Wolves, and I was this close to taking out his Little Bighorn right there on the plane.
- as ‘형/부사’ as S + V : S가 V할 만큼 ‘형/부사’하게
- whoa : (감탄사) 우와 / douchey : 무려한 말의 / screen name : 닉네임
Why did I get so jazzed at Bill's lack of electronic savvy? The answer is easy: I was fresh out of the craziest relationship of my life, and I was looking for its opposite. My ex, Tommy, was an online playa who used the Net to stimulate his nads. He was the Don Juan of the web, the log-on lothario, the Adonis of AOL.
-
- jazzed : 활기찬 재미있는 / savvy : (실용적인) 지식, 상식, 요령 / nads : (속어) 고환 / Don Juan : (비격식) 호색한 / lothario : 바람둥이 / Adonis : 미소년 / AOL : absent over leave 휴가결근
I never had the feeling Tommy was completely loyal to me. Maybe it was my insecurity, or maybe it was because whenever he heard " You've got mail," he got an erection. In any case, whenever I was with him, I kept one eye on him and the other on his computer. One Saturday morning when Tommy was snoring like an Irishman on March 18, I tiptoed over to his computer and started reading.
-
- erection : 발기 / snore : 코를 골다 / tiptoe : 발끝으로 살금살금 걷다
There, among a smattering of missives from friends and family, was what I had suspected all along. Endless strings of correspondence with more than a dozen women "friends" who were clearly much more. I mean, I've had lots of friends before, but never once has a "friend" sent me pictures of her snatch. Okay, once, but I immediately deleted Barbara Walters from my friends list. But seriously, Tommy's in-box was full of-box! And breasts! There were more boobs than the cast of Jersey Shore.
- Jersey Shore : 20대 이탈리안 미국인 남녀 8명의 사랑과 질투와 갈등을 담은 TV 프로그램
- a smattering of : 조금 / missive : 편지 / snatch : 잡아챔, 성교, 질, 여자
Before the advent of computers it used to be if you feared your boyfriend might cheat, you kept him home. Nowadays, that's the worst place he could be. Let me explain: If I'm dating a guy, he usually has quirky looks - more George Costanza than George Clooney. So when he's out, he flirts only with women who are attractive, and Brad Pitt-iful doesn't get far with that type. But online it's a whole different story. Any guy can pretend he still looks like his college rugby photo and suddenly he's the McDreamy of Match.com. What guy doesn't seem better when you can't smell him?
-
- quirky : 변덕스러운 / flirt : 추파를 던지다 / get far : (사태가) 발전하다
Don't get me wrong: I'm no prude. Taylor Swift I am not. Flirting is par of life that folks - married or single - can enjoy with no guilt, and checking people out online is not cheating any more than checking people out at the mall is. (Although, if you enjoy masturbating while checking people out, stick to doing it online. Mall security hates that.) However, banging someone you met online is cheating. If you're in a relationship, turn off the computer and love the one you're with. Remember the grass is always greener when you don't have to hear the sound of her annoying voice.
-
- prude : 내숭을 떠는 사람 / Taylor Swift : 가수 겸, 영화배우 / stick to : ~을 계속하다 / bang : (속어) 여자와 섹스를 하다, 쾅하고 치다[때리다] / be in a relationship : 누군가를 사귀다 /
Tommy's computer protocol was second only to his phone antics. In fact, Tommy may have been the first person to have the Tiger Woods texting plan - even on our dates. And it wasn't as though his texts were work-related. The only "jobs" he was texting about were blow, hand and rim.
- may have + p.p : (과거의 긍정적인 추측) ~였던 것 같다 / as though : 마치 ~인 것 같은 / about 전치사의 목적어인 the only "jobs"가 주어로 도치됨
- antics : 괴상한 행동 / blow, hand and rim : 섹스
Texting on a date, much like exposing your genitals, is inappropriate unless it's a blind date, and by "blind date" I mean the other person is blind. If you're so bored on a date that you find yourself texting, buy yourself a TV dinner and masturbate. I'm not saying you can't peek at your phone to see if someone hotter wants a shot at you, but typing away like a coked-out Lindsay Lohan is just plain rude. The only way your fingers should be working that hard on a date is if your hands are under the table and up my skirt.
- so bored that 절 : 너무 지루해서 ~하다 / the only way (that) your fingers should be working ..... is if 구문
- genitals : 성기 / blind date : 서로 모르는 남녀의 데이트, 소개팅 / a TV dinner : 텔레비전을 보면서 간단히 먹는 식사 / masturbate : 자위하다 / want a shot at : ~와 섹스를 원하다 / type away : 전적으로 메시지를 입력하다 / coked-out : 코카인(마약)에 취한 /
I know what you're wondering: Did I marry Bill and live a technology-free life as though we were Amish? No. Bill wasn't just technologically retarded; he was also socially retarded. You'd think a guy without the electronic accoutrements of life would have developed interpersonal skills. But alas, Bill had as many friends in real life as he had on the World Wide Web - none. And he had a personality to match.
- as many B as A : A만큼 많은 B인
- Amish : 아미쉬파(현대 기술문명을 거부하고 소박한 농경생활을 하는 미국의 한 종교 집단) / retarded : 발달 능력이 떨어진 / accoutrement : 장비
In the end, I wound up with a guy who had a computer and a cell phone but who gave me his passwords on our third date. Take your diamonds and flowers and stick them up your twats, bitches. The password is the gift that keeps on giving. And I don't have to live in a tepee.
-
- wind up with : ~와 헤어지다 / stick up : ~을 내밀다(주다) / twats : (섹스 상대의) 여자 / bitch : (속어 못마땅함) (개 같은) 년 / tepee : (과거 북미 원주민들의) 원뿔형 천막
Eros
The first time I ever got really turned on giving a blow job I was 22, on a date with a man I barely knew but liked a lot. It was night, in a parking lot after a Bad Brains show, and he leaned against the hood of my car while I got on my knees. We could have been strangers - we almost were - and somehow the darkness, the anonymity of the situation liberated me from worrying about doing something wrong or feeling self-conscious. I allowed myself to sink deep into the fantasy of what it must feel like for him - the pressure, the warmth, the wetness. All of a sudden the only thing in the world was that cock and my connection to it.
-
- blow job : 구강섹스 / turn on : ~에 흥미를 끌다 / barely : 거의 ~아니게[없이]
Before that night I had been wary of the blow job, thought of it as something you "gave" someone, like a gift. Or, occasionally, as something that had to be done as a duty. It was just that I was unsure of cock when I got up close to one; it contained unreadable male mysteries. I might hurt it or maybe just do nothing right. Maybe I looked ridiculous. I didn't really know what parts of it wanted to be touched, or how. It seemed to be its own creature, almost uncannily separate from the man who owned it. Perhaps simpleminded but authoritarian and judgemental.
-
- wary of : 경계하는 / get up 일으켜 세우다 / close to : 아주 가까이 / uncannily : 초자연적으로, 신비적으로 /
Many of my friends, or at least the ones who talked about fellatio, often described it as something distasteful or as a reward to bestow or even a means of controlling a man. My friends talked about feeling uncomfortable, being alone with a part of your boyfriend that was him but was not him. I understood; there could be something lonely about the act, something that made you feel disconnected from your partner. It was easy to imagine you were just an appendage to masturbation.
-
- fellatio : 구강성교
But starting that night in the parking lot I began to understand the profound, dirty pleasure of giving blow jobs. It isn't just that I discovered how much I like being in control, how much I like giving the kind of pleasure that makes someone helpless and how intoxicating it is to be on the receiving end of hurricane-levels of desire. But, that night, it was also the revelation of the particular male smell you get up close with a cock and balls that turned me on in ways that are almost beyond description. It was like being inside sex.
-
- profound : 심오한 / it isn't just that : ~만은 아니다 / intoxicating : 도취시키는 / revelation : 뜻밖의 발견 / beyond description : 형용할 수 없는
Plato said that human beings can only truly access the Divine through sexual ecstasy, Eros. This has always made so much sense to me. When else are humans as rapt by feeling as when they come and when they touch God? That feeling of connection to the universal, the feeling of having exited my own body as I orgasm is nothing other than touching the infinite.
-
- rapt : rap의 p.p, 황홀하게 하다 / nothing other than = nothing but = only
Yet I have never been able to get close to that Platonic, out-of-my-mind kind of sexual ecstasy unless I can satisfy a primal hunger: Whether in fantasy or reality, I need a connection to another equally raunchy human being. It has always been the case with me, since I was a teenager, that I have to see someone else's horniness in order to feel horny. What I happily realized on my knees in the parking lot is that an erect cock in my face is among the most blatant ways of experiencing the realness of someone else's desire I'd ever encountered. And every time, it spurs a response in me, hot and dark as if I am doing something transgressive in the best possible way.
- the case that I have to see .... : the case는 that절의 동격
- platonic : (육체관계를 하지 않은) 정신적인 사랑의, 플라토닉한 / raunchy : 음란한 / spur : 자극하다 / as if : 마치 ~인 것 처럼
But then there was the time I blew a friend of mine, when I discovered yet a new, more intense level of pleasure waiting for me in the blow job. My friend and I had known each other for years but had never been sexual until one night we wound up drunk, naked in his bed, mumbling about what a bad idea it was. All the awkwardness of being with a new person was made excruciating by the self-consciousness that I really knew this man - his quirks and peeves - the girls he found attractive, the complex relationship he had with his family and his career. But then a supple communication started between me and his penis as I began to suck, a communication beyond words and much deeper than any we had ever had before.
-
- intense : 격렬한 / mumble : 중얼거리다 / excruciating : 몹시 괴로운 / quirk : 변덕 / peeve : 짜증 / supple : 나긋나긋한, 비위를 맞추는
His cock felt so sexy in my mouth, hard and hot and aching with desire. But I could also feel how much of this man was being revealed to me: his sexuality, his vulnerability, his musky smell.
-
- vulnerability : 연약함 / musky : 사향 냄새가 나는
Soon the connection started to feel like a merging, as though I was experiencing that blow job too. It felt crazy, off-the-charts raunchy, to fantasize that I was not only giving head but getting it. All of a sudden I was overwhelmed by pure animal pleasure. I was so turned on that I came.
-
- off-the-charts raunchy : 틀에서 벗어난 음탕한
Since that night's discovery I always revel in the double fantasy of giving and receiving. And I honor the wisdom of the old Greek philosophers who pointed out that although the Divine is inscrutable, it is easy to find while sucking on a dick.
-
- the Divine : 신, 창조주 / inscrutable : 헤아릴 수 없는
Playboy Advisor-1
My father cheated, my friends cheat, and I am ashamed to say I have cheated. I do not want to cheat anymore. Is there a medical procedure to curb my appetites? Would having a testicle removed do anything? - D.S., Sand Diego, California.
- I have cheated : (현재완료 계속) 속이는 일을 계속하고 있다 / have + 목적어(사물) + p.p : 목적어(사물) ~되어지게 하다
- be ashamed to ~을 부끄럽게 여기다 / curb : 자제하다 / testicle : 고환
Don't remove anything. Research suggests genetics plays a role in men cheating, but it's nothing a concept known as free will can't overcome. In 2008 scientists at the Karolineska Institute in Stockholm found men with one or two copies of a specific gene variant, or allele, had up to twice the disk of experiencing marital dysfunction, including a recent threat of divorce, compared with men carrying no copies.
- but it's nothing (that) a concept [known as free] will : that이 생략된 구문임
- play a role : 역할을 하다 / variant : 변형 / allele : (생물) 대립 형질[유전자] / dysfunction : 기능장애 / disk : 원반 조직
However, about 15 percent of that group of naturally devoted husbands also reported discord, so environmental factors such as religious beliefs and family background certainly play a role. But let's say the research leads to a pill or shot to suppress the adultery instinct. As the novelist Walter Kirn has observed, "The problem with a drug that makes us be good is that being good, when it comes naturally, isn't that big an achievement, morally speaking."
-
- let's say : 예를 들면
In other words, no one admires a eunuch for his self-control. Further, Kirn predicts men, "most in need of a monogamy injection would be the least inclined to have one," and that women could "lock down" partners by insisting on an injection before they agree to sex. Even if you could take a pill, he notes, you'd still feel bad - men feel regret when we stray but also when we don't because of all the other women we could be having sex with but aren't.
-
- eunuck : 환관, 내시 / monogamy injection :
Playboy Advisor-2
Last year I didn't serve champagne at our New Year's Eve party because some nitwit who will go unnamed forgot to put it in the refrigerator to chill. We discovered this at 11:30 P.M. I'll be more vigilant this year, but could anything have been done? - J.M., Portland, Oregon.
-
- go unnamed 이름을 밝히지 않다 / nitwit 멍청이 / vigilant 바짝 경계하는 / chill (음식을[이]) 차게 식히다[식다], ~을 오싹하게 만들다
Yes. Place the bottle in an ice bucket or plastic container. Add a layer of ice to the bottom and sprinkle in a few tablespoons of salt. Layer ice and salt until you reach the neck, then add water until it too reaches the neck. Because saltwater freezes a too much lower temperature than freshwater, the bottle should chill in about 10 minutes. This isn't ideal, however, as some feel that "rapid chill" can affect flavor; if you can, allow for 30 to 45 minutes to chill a bottle in ice water. We can also report that French scientists last year calculated the optimal way to pour champagne to preserve the most bubbles. Writing in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, researchers found that pouring the bubbly down the side of an angled glass (the beer-like way of serving) preserved as many as twice the bubbles as pouring it straight into the glass. They also found the warmer the champagne, the more bubbles are lost during the pour. Ideally, they concluded, champagne should be chilled to 39 degrees Fahrenheit.
-
- angled glass 모난, 각이 있는, 치우친
Playboy Advisor-3
I enjoy nothing more than watching a beautiful woman when she's sound asleep. Actually, what I enjoy more is fondling a woman while she's asleep. The thrill of her lying unconscious with my hands all over her is incredible. This can't be normal. Is there a name for this desire? - M.R., Acworth, Georgia.
-
- sound sleep 단잠 / fondle 애무하다, 소중히 여기다
It's known as somnophilia, sleepy-sex or sleeping princess syndrome. Your interest is unusual, as a woman's erotic feedback accounts for as much as 99 percent of a typical guy's arousal. Most men who grope a sleeping girlfriend or wife do so with the idea she might wake up horny; depending on the hour, this response occurs far less often than anticipated. Somnophila is abnormal (and immoral and illegal) only if your partner is actually unconscious rather than playing along. Some somnophilia sites focus on particular scenarios: Sleeping Tushy provides videos of anilingus performed on nonresponsive actors, another site features videos that appear to have been shot in the dark, and another is devoted to men simply carrying limp women, a la Creature From the Black Lagoon.
-
- somnophilia 수면 성적 도착, 이상 성욕 / horny (성적으로) 매력이 있는, 육감적인 / anilingus (성적 흥분을 위한) 항문을 입으로 자극하기 / feature 특별히 포함하다 / limp 축 처진, 절뚝거리다
Playboy Advisor-4
My wife and I have been trying to have anal intercourse for a few years, without success. We always use lots of lube. We start with rubbing and touching and more to inserting a finger and small toys. My wife enjoys all this. However, when we try to advance to larger toys she feels discomfort, and it takes a long time before she is willing to try again. Is there anything we can use to desensitize the anus? - S.D., Tucson, Arizona
-
- anal intercourse 항문 성교 / desensitize (특히 문제 등에) 둔감하게 만들다
That's the last thing you want to do. "Numbing creams and lotions not only keep you from feeling preasure, they can mask pain that could be a sing of problems," warns Tristan Taormino, author of The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women. You are pursuing the right strategy here, taking it slow from finger to toy, but Taormino suggests spending more time with smaller toys, using lubes designed for anal play (she recommends Astrolide gel) and continuing to be patient. If your goal is to have anal intercourse, the toys don't have to be that large (no offense). It also sounds as though your wife may need more massaging and foreplay - the more relaxed and turned on a woman is, the easier penetration will be. Finally, we suggest she play with your ass, including penetrating it, which will give you a better feel (literally) for speed and limits when you're in the driver's seat.
-
-
Playboy Advisor-5
In October a reader said his girlfriend had started to "lovingly" grab his crotch through his clothes. I have a similar problem: My girlfriend stares at other men's crotches. I confronted her, but she acted dumbfounded. She works in a place where all the guys were dress pants. I know from experience that if you look at a man's crotch when he's in slacks you can sometimes see the outline of his penis, including the head and how long it hangs. Is this normal behavior for women? - M.T., Macon, Georgia
In October a reader said his girlfriend had started to "lovingly" grab his crotch through his clothes. I have a similar problem: My girlfriend stares at other men's crotches. I confronted her, but she acted dumbfounded. She works in a place where all the guys were dress pants. I know from experience that if you look at a man's crotch when he's in slacks you can sometimes see the outline of his penis, including the head and how long it hangs. Is this normal behavior for women? - M.T., Macon, Georgia
-
-
While we find ti hard to believe your girlfriend is transfixed by other men's genitals, if she looks in a certain direction below a horizontal plane and a man in tight slacks happens to be standing there, what is her crime? Curiosity? Lust? Looking is not touching, sucking or fucking. We suggest your get over this fast before she realizes you're the jealous type. You may also consider the effect of cleavage and camel toes that wander into your field of vision. Should she be worried about that?
While we find ti hard to believe your girlfriend is transfixed by other men's genitals, if she looks in a certain direction below a horizontal plane and a man in tight slacks happens to be standing there, what is her crime? Curiosity? Lust? Looking is not touching, sucking or fucking. We suggest your get over this fast before she realizes you're the jealous type. You may also consider the effect of cleavage and camel toes that wander into your field of vision. Should she be worried about that?
-
-
Playboy Advisor-6
Can you wear socks with sandals? - L.S., Camarillo, California
Can you wear socks with sandals? - L.S., Camarillo, California
-
-
If you need socks, wear shoes. Nevertheless, we are seeing more of this suspect combination, and even the ancient Romans appear to have worn the two together, based on fibers embedded in the nail of a 2,000-year-old sandal discovered last year by British archaeologists. There may not be a connection, but the Roman empire is no longer around.
If you need socks, wear shoes. Nevertheless, we are seeing more of this suspect combination, and even the ancient Romans appear to have worn the two together, based on fibers embedded in the nail of a 2,000-year-old sandal discovered last year by British archaeologists. There may not be a connection, but the Roman empire is no longer around.
-
-
Playboy TV
It's Couple Time
Two is almost always better than one - particularly in matters of sex - which is why Playboy TV is introducing "TV for 2" couples programming this month. Whether you are looking for spicy reality TV, candid sex advice or provocative story lines, this brand-new block of shows is guaranteed to turn up the heat and he intimacy on your date night. Enjoy reality programs such as Brooklyn Kinda Love (pictured, premieres Saturday, January 15 at 10 P.M. ET), which follows couples inside and outside the bedroom as they live their lives in New York City, and Swing (premieres Friday, February 11), on which monogamous couples get a first-time two-day pass to "the Lifestyle." Or learn some new tricks and erotic moves from Playboy's Sex-treme Makeover. Enjoy these new programs with your wife, your girlfriend or that sexy neighbor you've been texting for months - because it's always more fun to watch Playboy TV when you have someone to keep you company. Visit playboytv.com for more information.
Hi, this is Alysa. I want to tell you that I love having a man's cock inside my ass more than anything else. With the first guy who fucked me back there, it was his idea, however, it's been my idea with every other guy since then. Some guys are really surprised that a girl even think about things like that. Their first reaction is always, "You... want it there?"
-
- cock : (남성의) 성기 / ass : 항문 / fuck : ~와 성교하다
I'm always careful how I tell a guy what I want, or else he'll freak out. Sometimes he won't think I'm serious. Yet, after I suck on his balls, lick his cock, and stick my tongue up his ass - he knows I'm a lot sluttier than I look; especially after I've got my tongue inside his asshole. That's the moment that he really figures out that I'm for real. I've found anything else that'll loose a guy up quite as fast. Once I do that - all bets are off. I guess that's why I'm not like most girls. A lot of girls I know just want to get it over with. I, on the other hand, want sex to be hot, sweaty and crazy!
- I've found 현재 완료(결과)
- freak out (비격식) 기겁을 하다[하게 만들다] / sluttish (여성이) 단정치 못한 / loose up 긴장을 풀어주다 / bet (비격식) 짐작, 추측 / get over with ~을 끝내다
Even though I'm such an anal freak, I still have to get ready for it. It's not really very good for quickies, if you get my drift. I need a comfortable place, like a bedroom setting. It helps if we loosen up first with a few drinks. I need to feel secure about the man I'm with, first and foremost. He's got to be loving and gentle; and turn me on in just the right ways, because lots of foreplay is a must! Since my second favorite thing (after getting butt fucked) is giving head - my pussy always gets really wet when I deep throat a guy, and feel my lower lip against his super-hot balls.
- get + 사물 + p.p : 사물이 p.p되어지게 하다
- freak ~광, 괴짜, 괴물(같은 사람) / quickie : 빨리[잠깐] 하는 것 / drift : 미는 힘, 추진력 / loosen up : 긴장을 풀다 / foreplay 전희 / butt 궁둥이 / give head 입으로 애무를 해 주다 / pussy 여자의 성기(vulva) / throat 목구멍 깊이 넣다
That way, I can let him put his cock inside my pussy and get him nice and slippery, so that when he pulls out and goes right into my asshole, he'll slide in really easy. I'll work him inside me very gently and let my muscles loosen up as he goes deeper. If I'm with a guy with a really big cock - like Matt - I'm able to handle him pretty well, just as long as I get super-relaxed first.
-
- that way 그와 같이
That's why I spend so much time sucking on his pole. With some guys, they can't handle me doing that very long and they'll cum in my mouth - and then they aren't worth anything to me. So, I really do prefer guys like Matt who have plenty of staying power. I know I can suck Matt's prick for an hour without having to worry about surprises, and then when he's ready to fuck my ass, he can do it for a half-hour, which is about the length of time that I can stand. After 30 minutes of getting my ass fucked, I'm completely out of my mind!
-
- cum 사정하다 / prick 음경 / out of one's mind 미친
-Dirty Sexy Weekend-해석 및 분석 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Rihanna-Tub Toys (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Why is North Korea executing high-level officials with anti-aircraft guns? 왜 북한은 최고위층 관리들을 고사포로 처형하고 있나? (0) | 2015.05.15 |
손연재 Son Yeon-Jae: The reluctant 'fairy' who charmed South Korea 한국을 매료시키는 고집센 요정 (0) | 2015.05.07 |
70 years later, a Korean ‘comfort woman’ demands apology from Japan (0) | 2015.04.26 |
[영어독해완성] 성인잡지-번역기법 Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Rihanna-Tub Toys (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Why is North Korea executing high-level officials with anti-aircraft guns? 왜 북한은 최고위층 관리들을 고사포로 처형하고 있나? (0) | 2015.05.15 |
손연재 Son Yeon-Jae: The reluctant 'fairy' who charmed South Korea 한국을 매료시키는 고집센 요정 (0) | 2015.05.07 |
70 years later, a Korean ‘comfort woman’ demands apology from Japan (0) | 2015.04.26 |
[영어독해완성] 성인잡지-번역기법 Anally Yours (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
-Dirty Sexy Weekend-해석 및 분석 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Why is North Korea executing high-level officials with anti-aircraft guns? 왜 북한은 최고위층 관리들을 고사포로 처형하고 있나? (0) | 2015.05.15 |
손연재 Son Yeon-Jae: The reluctant 'fairy' who charmed South Korea 한국을 매료시키는 고집센 요정 (0) | 2015.05.07 |
70 years later, a Korean ‘comfort woman’ demands apology from Japan (0) | 2015.04.26 |
For 300 sequel rise of an empire, it wasn't just the spartans who needed to be in shape - and that meant pioneering training team Gym Jones faced its toughest job ever.
- it is[was] ~ that : [강조용법] 바로 ~한 것이다 / training team (that) Gym Jones faces
- sequel : (영화) 속편
We shipped a gym over to Bulgaria, says Mark Twight - former world-class alpinist and founder of Gym Jones, the Utah-based training facility that's become synonymous with hard work, inventive unpleasantness and getting actors into Adonis-like shape for Hollywood movies. It had everything you could imagine - a couple of portable squat racks, three regular barbells and a fat bar, a set of kettlebells running up to 40kg, dumbbells ... about 6,000lb[2,722kg] of gear. Shipping the gym was consistent with our idea of environmental control - set up the right environment, and the right result is more likely to happen.
- synonymous with : ~와 아주 밀접한 / squat rack : (헬스용어) 스쿼트 랙, 스쿼트(두 손을 바닥에 짚고 두 다리를 쪼그렸다 폈다 하는 운동)를 안정하게 할 수 있도록 해주는 장치 / kettlebell : <트레이닝> 케틀 벨(쇠로 만든 공에 손잡이를 붙인 중량 기구를 말함, 링 웨이트(ring weight)라고 도 함) / consistent with : ~와 일치하는
Results, of course, are what Gym Jones is all about. When Twight and his team got the call to train the cast of the original 300, they decided to turn the actors into athletes and let aesthetics follow. The cast and stunt team trained together, ate together and suffered together for five days a week, sticking to a 2,000-calorie-a-day diet while swinging kettlebells and deadlifting shirtless to encourage dedication. Director Zach Snyder led the charge, often finishing his workout while the stars were still getting out of bed.
- aesthetics : [단수취급] 미학, [심리] 미적 정서의 연구 / encourage dedication : 헌신하다
Three girls a yacht and a picture of sangria 매력적인 여성들 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
The Justice Will See you Now(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
High on Anxiety 정점으로 치닫는 걱정 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Smoking All the Profits 흠연의 해로움 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day (0) | 2015.05.08 |
Hot girls on a yacht is a little bit of a no brainer, isn't it? Which is precisely why we picked hot girls from three continents and invited them aboard a yacht off the Mumbai coastline to celebrate the onset of summer. Still need a reason why April is the best month on the calendar?
Ginevra
Standing on the other side of the aisle, she's heard our talk about selfies. The Italian beauty is leaning over the staircase that goes up to the deck in an aqua blue bikini pursuing her bright red lips and working her iPhone to get the best light for her selfie. "I loooove taking a selfie, and with my girlfriends it's every better! It doesn't matter where I am - during a job, during an event, in office, on a shoot, at a party or at home! My last selfie was just a hours ago!," she adds laughing.
Ginevra grew up on the coast of a beautiful lake in Italy. Turns out it's the same one where Top Gear shot their by now famous episode dissing Italian driving.
- selfie : (신조어) 셀피, 스마트폰이나 웹 카메라 등으로 자신의 얼굴 사진을 촬영해 SNS에 올리는 행위 - aqua : 청록색 / diss : 비난하다
"Everyone doesn't drive quite as badly as that in Italy," she protests.
We ask her what her tattoo denotes - she has one on the side of her ribs - a popular inking spot among hot women like Angelina Jolie, Megan Fox and others. "It's a prayer written in Italian for my father. He taught it to me when I was 7 or 8 years old. It says: my guardian angel, protect me from every evil/bad thing. His name is Angelo (angel in Italian) and he is my guardian angel." "I have two more", she says, turning around and parting her hair to one side to reveal a tiny tattoo on her neck. "This one was made by a Buddhist monk in Thailand with a bamboo stick... it was very painful. And this one (she turns her wrist and points to a ladybug tattoo) is for goo luck and also because at that time everywhere I went, I was surrounded by ladybugs!"
"
- part : (두 사물, 부분이) 갈라지다, 가르마를 타다
"I come from a country where men are known to be romantics(Italy)... what I love about Indian men is that they remind me of Italian men - dark skin, deep looks and passionate to the core"
"
- core : (사물의) 중심부
But the tattoos aren't the only smashingly hot thing about Ginevra. Apart from the fact that she looks like she does in these pictures - she has a last name that's nothing short of legendary - Leggeri.
"I love the beach and love to spend my time swimming in the sea, but I don't really like getting tanned because I burn really , really fast," she laughs as she rushes into the shade after a shot, "I'm always running away from the sun."
- smashingly : 맹렬하게 / nothing short of : 아주 ~한 /
Return to Sparta(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
The Justice Will See you Now(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
High on Anxiety 정점으로 치닫는 걱정 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Smoking All the Profits 흠연의 해로움 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day (0) | 2015.05.08 |
As of now, Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy is the most pivotal health-care-policy thinker in America. Following district court Judge Roger Vinson’s Jan. 31 ruling that declared President Obama’s health-care-reform law unconstitutional, the plan has a solid 2–2 record in the federal courts: two district judges have ruled for it and two against. The odds are very good that it will eventually wind up in the Supreme Court. And once it gets there, odds are the bill’s fate will come down to one person: Justice Kennedy.
- declare A B : A를 B라 선언하다 - pivotal : 중요한 / the odds : 어떤 일이 있을 가능성[공산] / wind up : ~로 끝나다
None of that is certain, of course. Perhaps the issue will be resolved at the circuit-court level. Perhaps Chief Justice John Roberts will side with the administration and Kennedy won’t be the swing vote. Or perhaps an asteroid will hit the earth, rendering tweaks to the U.S. health-care system moot.
- render A B : A가 B되가 하다 - Chief Justice : (특히 미국 최고 법원의) 수석재판관 / swing vote : 부동표 / asteroid : 소행성 / tweak : (기계, 시스템 등을 약간) 수정[변경]하다 / moot : (가능성이 적으므로) 고려할 가치가 없는
But probably not. Health-care reform is likely to come down to Kennedy—in particular, his views on the so-called individual mandate, which requires all those who can afford it to purchase health insurance. And here’s the irony of the whole thing: the individual mandate was a policy that Democrats adopted precisely in order to attract moderate Republicans like, well, Anthony Kennedy. If it gets rejected, what’s likely to come next is going to be a whole lot less congenial to conservatives.
- a whole lot : 아주 많이 / congenial to : (~에) 알맞은[적절한] / come down to : 결국 ~이 되다, ~에게 제출되다 /
None of that is certain, of course. Perhaps the issue will be resolved at the circuit-court level. Perhaps Chief Justice John Roberts will side with the administration and Kennedy won’t be the swing vote. Or perhaps an asteroid will hit the earth, rendering tweaks to the U.S. health-care system moot.
- swing vote 부동표 / asteroid 소행성 / render A B : A가 B되게 하다 / tweak 수정 / moot 고려할 가치가 없는
But probably not. Health-care reform is likely to come down to Kennedy—in particular, his views on the so-called individual mandate, which requires all those who can afford it to purchase health insurance. And here’s the irony of the whole thing: the individual mandate was a policy that Democrats adopted precisely in order to attract moderate Republicans like, well, Anthony Kennedy. If it gets rejected, what’s likely to come next is going to be a whole lot less congenial to conservatives.
- come down to ~에게 상정되다 / his views on ~에 관한 그의 견해 / a whole lot 전체적으로 / congenial to 마음이 맞는[통하는]
"Health care is unlike other commodities," Walter Dellinger, who served as solicitor general to Bill Clinton, told the Senate Judiciary Committee last week. "There is nothing else in our economy where an individual who has made no preparation can go in and get $1 million of goods and services passed on to them at taxpayer expense. "That means it struggles with free riders: people who would have society pay for their care, rather than pay for it themselves.
"
- solicitor general 법무차관 / Senate Judiciary Committee 사원법사위원회
Return to Sparta(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Three girls a yacht and a picture of sangria 매력적인 여성들 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
High on Anxiety 정점으로 치닫는 걱정 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Smoking All the Profits 흠연의 해로움 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day (0) | 2015.05.08 |
Considering that anxiety makes your palms sweat, your heart race, your stomach turn somersaults, and your brain seize up like a car with a busted transmission, it’s no wonder people reach for the Xanax to vanquish it. But in a surprise, researchers who study emotion regulation—how we cope, or fail to cope, with the daily swirl of feelings—are discovering that many anxious people are bound and determined (though not always consciously) to cultivate anxiety. The reason, studies suggest, is that for some people anxiety boosts cognitive performance, while for others it actually feels comforting.
- considering that : (접속사) ~이므로, ~을 생각하면 / it's no wonder (that) ~ : ~라는 것은 분명한 사실이다 / not always : (부분부정) 늘 ~한 것만은 아닌 / some ~, others : 어떤 이들은, 다른 사람들은
- race : (두려움, 흥분 등으로 뇌, 심장 기능 등이) 바쁘게[정신없이] 돌아가다 / somersault : 재주넘기, 요동침 / seize up : 멈추다 / busted : (못된 짓을 하다가) 걸린 / Xanax : 재낵스(신경 안정제) / vanquish : (감정 등을) 극복하다 / be bound to : 반드시 ~하다, ~하려고 마음 먹다
In one recent study, psychologist Maya Tamir of Hebrew University in Jerusalem gave 47 undergraduates a standard test of neuroticism, which asks people if they agree with such statements as “I get stressed out easily.” She then presented the volunteers with a list of tasks, either difficult (giving a speech, taking a test) or easy (washing dishes), and asked which emotion they would prefer to be feeling before each. The more neurotic subjects were significantly more likely to choose feeling worried before a demanding task; non-neurotic subjects chose other emotions. Apparently, the neurotics had a good reason to opt for anxiety: when Tamir gave everyone anagrams to solve, the neurotics who had just written about an event that had caused them anxiety did better than neurotics who had recalled a happier memory. Among non-neurotics, putting themselves in an anxious frame of mind had no effect on performance.
- such + 명사 : 그러한 ~라는 것 / present A with B : A에게 B를 보여주다 / either A or B : A 또는 B(둘 중 하나) / which emotion은 be feeling의 목적어 /
- neuroticism : 신경증적 성질, 신경질 / subject : 연구[실험] 대상, 피실험자 / have a good reason to ~ : ~할 만할 그럴듯한 이유를 갖다 / anagram : 철자 순서를 바꾼 말 /
In other people, anxiety is not about usefulness but familiarity, finds psychology researcher Brett Ford of the University of Denver. She measured the “trait emotions” (feelings people tend to have most of the time) of 139 undergraduates, using a questionnaire that lists emotions and asks “to what extent you feel this way in general.” She then grouped the students into those characterized by “trait fear” (those who tended to be anxious, worried, or nervous), “trait anger” (chronically angry, irritated, or annoyed), and “trait happy” (the cheerful, joyful gang). Six months later, the volunteers returned to Ford’s lab. This time she gave them a list of emotions and asked which they wanted to experience. Not surprisingly, the cheerful bunch wanted to be happy. But in a shock for those who think anyone who is chronically anxious can’t wait to get their hands on some Ativan, those with “trait fear” said they wanted to be worried and nervous—even though it felt subjectively unpleasant. (The “trait angry” students tended to prefer feeling the same way, too.) Wanting to feel an emotion is not the same thing as enjoying that emotion, points out neuroscientist Kent Berridge of the University of Michigan, who discovered that wanting and liking are mediated by two distinct sets of neurotransmitters.
- not A but B : A가 아닌 B인 / using a questionnaire that A and B : A와 B인 설문서를 사용하여 / to what extent you feel : 당신이 느끼는 어느 정도까지를 /
- Ativan : 아티반(정신 안정제) / mediate : 중재하다 /
In some cases, the need to experience anxiety can lead to a state that looks very much like addiction to anxiety. “There are people who have extreme agitation, but they can’t understand why,” says psychiatrist Harris Stratyner of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. They therefore latch on to any cause to explain what they’re feeling. That rationalization doubles back and exacerbates the anxiety. “Some people,” he adds, “get addicted to feeling anxious because that’s the state that they’ve always known. If they feel a sense of calm, they get bored; they feel empty inside. They want to feel anxious.”Notice he didn’t say “like.”
-
- need : 욕구 / agitation : 불안, 동요 / latch on to (강한 관심을 갖고) 혹하다 / rationalization : 합리화 / exacerbate : 악화시키다
Three girls a yacht and a picture of sangria 매력적인 여성들 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
The Justice Will See you Now(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Smoking All the Profits 흠연의 해로움 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day (0) | 2015.05.08 |
Cracks in ISIS are becoming more clear (0) | 2015.03.10 |
Forget the Marlboro man: China is the world’s cigarette king. The mainland produces—and consumes—more tobacco products than any other country in the world. The China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), the state-run cash cow that holds an effective monopoly on the industry, is a source of good business for the party: in 2010, Big Tobacco paid 498.85 billion yuan (around $75 billion) in taxes to the Chinese government, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. More than 300 million Chinese adults smoke—among them more than half of all Chinese men. In 2009, the CNTC says, it produced a whopping 2.3 trillion cigarettes.
- Marlboro에 광고에 등장하는 멋진 남자는 잊으세요. 중국은 세계 담배 1위국입니다. 중국본토는 세계에서 가장 많은 담배 생산과 소비를 합니다. 국가가 운영하는 고수익 사업인 중국국영담배공사는 담배독점권을 쥐고 있으며, 중국 공산당을 위한 멋진 사업입니다. 2010년, 국영담배독점국에 따르면 Big Tobacco는 세금으로 4,988.5억(750억 달러) 유안을 중국정부에 바쳤습니다. 중국 남성의 반 이상인, 3억 이상의 성인들은 흡연을 합니다. 2009년에 CNTC는 엄청난 2.3조개의 담배를 생산했다고 밝힙니다.
- cash cow : (어떤 사업체의) 고수익[효자] 상품[사업] / whopping : 엄청 큰
But all this puffing is sparking serious public-health questions, and experts are now questioning if short-term profits will soon be outweighed by long-term health costs to the state. The World Lung Foundation (WLF) estimates a million people will die from tobacco-related illness in China this year, a toll that’s expected to double by 2020. So far there’s been little oversight of the industry: the Monopoly is, in essence, responsible for tobacco-control efforts. As the WLF’s Dr. Judith Mackay says, it’s been “a bit like putting a fox in charge of a chicken coop.”
- 그러나 모든 이 흡연은 심각한 공중보건의 문제를 유발하고 있고, 전문가들은 오늘날 단기간의 세금수익은 국가에 대해 장기적인 건강비용에 곧 추월당할 것이라 의문을 제기하고 있습니다. 세계폐질환재단(WLF)는 올 한해에 중국에서 약 백만 명이 담배관련 질병으로 사망할 것이라고 예측합니다. 이 희생자 수는 2020년엔 2배로 될 것 같습니다. 지금까진 담배산업은 거의 통제가 되고 있지 않습니다: 독점이란 원래 담배통제 노력이 수반되어야하는 것입니다. WLF의 Judith Mackay박사는 이것은 여우에게 닭장을 맡기는 격이라 말합니다.
- puffing : 훅 불기, 흡연 / outweigh : (가치, 중요성이) 능가하다 / oversight : (잊어버리거나 못 보고 지나쳐서 생긴) 실수, 간과, 관리, 감독 / coop : 닭장
No longer. Along with a team of researchers, Yang Gonghuan, the deputy director-general of China’s Center for Disease Control, has published a new report laying out how tobacco is a big drag on the country. Profits from producing cigarettes will fall far short of the eventual health costs of smoking-related illnesses, says Gonghuan. By the report’s estimation, cigarette-industry revenue accounts for some 6.7 percent of Beijing’s income. By contrast, the report states that tobacco “overall poses a loss rather than a benefit to China,” and other research puts estimated costs from tobacco at about 25 percent more than the revenue generated by the industry.
- 중국도 이제 심각함을 깨달았습니다. 중국 질병통제 센터에서 한 연구팀을 이끌고 있는 심의관인 Yang Gonghuan씨는 담배가 중국발전에 큰 장애가 된다는 것을 알리는 새로운 보고서를 출간했습니다. 그는 또한 담배생산으로 발생하는 수익은 흡연관련 질병의 궁극적인 치료비용을 감당할 수 없을 것이라 말합니다. 그 보고서의 평가에 따르면, 담배산업 수익은 베이징당국의 수익의 약 6.7%에 달한다 합니다. 이와 반대로, 그 보고서는 담배가 중국에 이익을 주기 보다는 오히려 전반적으로 손실을 끼칠거라 언급하고 다른 연구는 담배산업으로 창출된 수익 보다 많은 약 25%가 담배인한 비용에 들것이라 말합니다.
- deputy director-general : (법률) 정책관(심의관) / a big drag : 큰 장애 / lay out : 펼치다, 투자하다, 질책하다, 계획하다
Experts say the report falls in line with a fledgling awareness of the dangers of tobacco across the country. But for now, deterrents like putting pictorial warnings on cigarette packs—which is working to curb smoking in Latin America—are a long way off. The public-health question for Beijing, then, is whether cashing in on tobacco now will bankroll the hospital beds that will have to be bought later.
- 전문가들은 그 보고서가 중국 전역에 담배위험의 첫 단계의 인식의 단추를 달았다고 말합니다. 하지만 현재로서 라틴 아메리카에서의 흡연 규제를 시행하고자 하는 담배 곽에 경고 그림을 부착하고자 하는 억지력은 아직 갈 길이 먼 것 같습니다. 그렇다면, 공중보건의 문제는 이제 담배수익을 차후에 분명히 일어날 질병에 재정을 지원할 것인가이다.
- fledgling : (막 날기 시작한) 어린 새, 신출내기, 초보자 / deterrent : 제지하는 것(억지력) / a long way off : 훨씬 떨어진 곳에 / bankroll : 재정을 지원하다
The Justice Will See you Now(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
High on Anxiety 정점으로 치닫는 걱정 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
May 8, 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of VE Day (0) | 2015.05.08 |
Cracks in ISIS are becoming more clear (0) | 2015.03.10 |
China's next target for world domination: Soccer 중국의 다음 목표는 축구로 세계를 지배하는 것이다. (0) | 2015.02.23 |
Cell-Induced Stress
세포가 낳은 고통
As a much-hailed breakthrough in stem-cell science unravelled this year, many have been asking: ‘Where were the safeguards?’
줄기세포과학에서의 많이 회자되는 돌파구가 올해 드러남에 따라, 많은 사람들은 ‘안전장치가 있었나?’라는 의문을 제기하고 있다.
It seemed almost too good to be true — and it was.
그것은 거의 너무나 반가워 사실이 아닐 것 같았지만 사실이었다.
Two papers1, 2 that offered a major breakthrough in stem-cell biology were retracted on 2 July, mired in a controversy that has damaged the reputation of several Japanese researchers.
줄기세포 생물학에서의 주요한 돌파구를 제공한 두 편의 논문 1, 2는 7월 2일에 철회되었고, 여러 일본 연구원들의 명예를 손상시킨 논란의 수렁으로 빠졌다.
For scientists worldwide it has triggered painful memories of a decade-old scandal.
전 세계 과학자들에게 이것은 10년 전 스캔들의 고통스런 기억을 떠올리게 한다.
In February 2004, South Korean researcher Woo Suk Hwang announced that he had generated stem-cell lines from cloned human embryos, creating a potential source of versatile, therapeutic cells that would be genetically matched to any patient.
2004년 2월, 한국의 황우석 연구원은 복제된 인간배아에서 줄기세포를 만들었고 유전적으로 어떠한 환자에게도 맞는 다용도의 치료세포의 잠재적 근원을 만들었다고 발표했다.
A frenzy of excitement followed this and a subsequent publication, but that didn’t compare with the media firestorm when the results were revealed to be fabricated.
엄청난 흥분과 추후의 출판가 뒤따랐지만, 결과가 조작되었던 것이라 발표되었을 때 그것은 언론의 비난과는 비교되진 않았다.
firestorm:
The two main cloning papers were retracted, and the careers of some dozen scientists were devastated.
두 편의 주요논문은 철회되었고 여러 과학자들의 경력은 치명적 손상을 입었다.
In the soul-searching that followed, ‘research integrity’ became a hot topic, scientists re-evaluated the responsibilities of authorship, and institutions vowed to improve the way that they police their staff.
자신의 성찰이 뒤따라, 연구청렴성이 주요 쟁점이 되었고, 과학자들은 저작자의 책임을 재평가하였고, 연구소는 자신들의 직원을 감독하는 방식을 개선하기로 다짐했다.
soul-searching : 자기탐구(분석)
Nature and other journals also made promises, saying that they would vet manuscripts more thoroughly.
네이처와 다른 학술지들도 더욱 철저히 원고를 심사할 것이라고 또한 다짐을 했다.
vet : 조사[심사]하다
In an Editorial at the time, Nature wrote: “Keeping in mind the principle that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof, Nature may in rare cases demand it.”
그 당시 네이처지의 한 사설은 경이로운 주장은 그에 걸맞은 증거를 요구한다는 원칙에 입각하여 네이처는 그것을 요구할 가능성이 있다는 글의 실었다.
A year later, when Shoukhrat Mitalipov of the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland claimed to have cloned embryonic-stem-cell lines from monkeys, Nature required independent tests to verify that the lines came from the monkey donors.
1년이 지나, 포틀랜드의 오레곤 보건과학대학의 Shoukhrat Mitalipov가 원숭이로부터 배아줄기세포선 복제에 성공했다고 주장했을 때, 네이처는 그 세포선이 원숭이 기부자로부터 온 것인지를 입증할 독자적인 실험을 요구했다.
This verification was published alongside the cloning paper.
이 입증실험은 복제논문과 함께 실렸다.
“I applaud what they did,” says Alan Trounson, the outgoing president of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine in San Francisco, who helped with the testing.
샌프란시스코의 재생약품 캘리포니아 연구소에서 그 실험에 도움을 준 물러나는 연구소장 Alan Trounson는 “그들이 행한 것에 찬사를 보낸다.”고 말하였다.
Then came Japan’s stem-cell case.
그 이후 일본의 줄기세포 문제가 야기되었다.
This January, Haruko Obokata, a young biochemist at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) in Kobe, Japan, reported in Nature that she had converted mouse cells to an embryonic-like state merely by subjecting them to stress, such as physical pressure or exposure to acid.
일본 고베의 발생생물학 센터의 젊은 생화학자인 Haruko Obokata는 네이처에 생쥐세포를 물리적인 압력이나 산성에 노출하는 것과 같이 단순히 스트레스를 주어 배아와 같은 상태로 전환하였다고 보고하였다.
The process, labelled stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP), was so contrary to current thinking that some scientists said they accepted it based only on the reputation of Obokata’s co-authors, who were some of the most trusted names in stem-cell research and cloning.
자극에 의한 전분화능 획득이라 명명된 그 과정은 현재의 생각과 너무나 대조되어 과학자들은 줄기세포 연구와 복제에서 가장 신임하는 Obokata의 공동저자들의 명예에 단지 근거하여 그들은 그것을 수용했다고 말했다.
pluripotency : (생명과학) 전분화능(前分化能)
But the paper that set out the fundamental technique was soon shot full of holes. There was plagiarized text in the article.
기초기술로 시작한 논문은 허점투성이로 엉망이었다. 그 논문에는 표절된 구절이 있었다.
shot full of holes : 허점투성이로 엉망인 / plagiarize : 표절하다
Figures showed signs of manipulation, and some images were identical or nearly identical to those used later in the same paper and elsewhere to represent different experiments.
More damning were genetic analyses that strongly suggested the cells were not what they were purported to be.
And although deriving STAP cells was advertised as simple and straightforward, no one has yet been able to repeat the experiment.
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
Within the space of six months, Obokata was found guilty of misconduct by her institution; well-respected scientists, including RIKEN head Ryoji Noyori, bowed their heads in apology; and both papers were retracted9. In the end, the evidence for STAP cells seemed so flimsy that observers began to ask where were the extra precautions and the ‘extraordinary proof’ that had been promised post-Hwang.
The case has reopened difficult questions about the quality of research and peer review, and the responsibilities of co-authors, institutions and journals. It is also making its mark as an example of how not to do things. The episode has already become a “parable in my lab for teaching students about scientific ethics”, says Jeanne Loring, a stem-cell biologist at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California.
In this article, the news team at Nature — which is editorially independent from the journal team that reviewed and published the STAP papers — attempts to find out what went wrong and what can be learned from the case.
CAUGHT IN ISOLATION
The STAP saga has its roots in a contentious hypothesis more than a decade old. In 2001, Charles Vacanti, an anaesthesiologist at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, said that he had found “spore-like cells” in virtually every type of mammalian tissue10. According to Vacanti, these cells were pluripotent — that is, they could develop into any type of cell in the body — and seemed to lie dormant until activated, perhaps by injury or disease, to regenerate tissue.
Vacanti told Nature’s news team in January that by 2006 his laboratory could grow the cells in large numbers, but that they still “were not exceptionally well characterized by us”. That is, the team had not demonstrated pluripotency. This was a job he gave to Obokata, a graduate student who had joined his lab in 2008.
Proving pluripotency is often done by injecting cells into a developing mouse embryo — creating a ‘chimaera’ — and tracking their fate. It is a difficult experiment, and Obokata needed help. “I was looking for the god’s hand of chimaeric-mouse generation,” she said back in January. A Google search led her to famed mouse cloner Teruhiko Wakayama at the CDB, whose lab she entered in 2011 as a visiting professor. After hundreds of failures to get cells derived from adult mice to show up in chimaeras, she and Wakayama switched to newborn mice as the source of the cells — and the process worked.
By that point, both Vacanti and Obokata were convinced that the stress of the isolation process was creating the pluripotent cells. Obokata said that the idea had come to her while she was taking a bath and reflecting on the stress in her own life.
In the experiments at RIKEN, she used acid to stress spleen cells from newborn mice, and she carried out further experiments to characterize their conversion with Yoshiki Sasai and Hitoshi Niwa, two highly regarded stem-cell biologists at the CDB. With the two key characteristics of STAP cells now demonstrated — they were pluripotent and were created using stressful conditions — she had enough data to publish two papers in Nature on 30 January1,2.
Obokata became an instant celebrity in Japan, where the media picked up on details such as the ‘Moomin’ cartoon stickers on her lab equipment and the traditional Japanese cooking apron, given to her by her grandmother, that she wore instead of a lab coat.
But within weeks, anonymous observers began noting mistakes in the papers, including evidence of image manipulation, duplications and plagiarism (see go.nature.com/e4dwry).Researchers also started to report that they could not reproduce the supposedly simple experiment.
On 1 April, a RIKEN investigative committee concluded that Obokata had committed scientific misconduct. She maintained that the results were real, but one by one her co-authors withdrew support for the findings. In principle, Nature retracts articles only when all co-authors agree, although in rare cases papers can be retracted even if one or more of the authors dissent. In June, Obokata relented and agreed to retract both papers (see go.nature.com/wsfox5). She has not responded to multiple requests for interview since April. She has, however, been invited to participate — under surveillance — in ongoing efforts at RIKEN to verify the original findings.
Should the papers have been published in the first place? Critics have argued that many of the flaws could have been identified beforehand by Nature — the easiest, in theory, being a 17-line passage that was taken almost word for word from a 2005 paper11 by another group.
To detect signs of plagiarism, most journals use a service called CrossCheck. It can compare a submitted manuscript with some 40 million published articles from around 100,000 titles, looking for text matches.
Nature editors did use CrossCheck and did not find the match. But the journal from which the text was lifted, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology — Animal, had not been indexed by the service at the time. “Although the databases are very large and growing, there are limitations,” explains Rachael Lammey, a product manager at CrossRef in Oxford, UK, which provides the CrossCheck service. Such misses get flagged “a couple times a year”, she says, but there is no way to know how many instances of plagiarism fall through the cracks.
Moreover, identifying the match probably would not have halted publication. Many instances of copied text do not constitute plagiarism and just require citation of the original source. Indeed, the RIKEN investigative committee concluded that the passage — a methodological description — should have cited the original, but that the failure to do so was not misconduct.
The committee was more vexed by instances of manipulated and duplicated images in the STAP papers. Obokata had spliced together gel lanes from different experiments to appear as one. And she had used an image of cells in a teratoma — a tumorous growth that includes multiple types of tissue — that had also appeared in her PhD dissertation. The captions indicated that the image was being used to represent different types of cell in each case. The committee judged that in both instances, although she might not have intended to mislead, she should have been “aware of the danger” and therefore found her guilty of misconduct. Obokata claimed that they were mistakes and has denied wrongdoing.
PICTURE IMPERFECT
Image manipulation and duplication within the same manuscript can be detected, and journals are increasingly checking for such problems. Jana Christopher analyses images in every manuscript before they are accepted by EMBO Press, a journal publisher based in Heidelberg, Germany. She uses a set of automated adjustments created for the image software Photoshop by the US Office of Research Integrity that change attributes such as contrast and colour to make manipulations easier to spot (ori.hhs.gov/actions).
At the behest of the chief editor of The EMBO Journal, Bernd Pulverer, Christopher ran tests on the STAP papers without knowing their background. She spotted three problems:
the gel manipulation that was ultimately attributed to misconduct, a seemingly innocent duplicated image mistake and a composite image of cell colonies most probably done to save space.
“The aberrations we saw are fairly typical,” says Pulverer, who reports that around 20% of scanned manuscripts have been found to have such issues since the journal started looking for them in 2011. The Journal of Cell Biology (JCB), published by Rockefeller University Press in New York, has been systematically scanning figures and images in all accepted papers since 2002 and finds about the same rate.
But the journals do not immediately consider a problematic image fraudulent. Spliced gel lanes, for example, are often attempts to present data more clearly and concisely. In most cases, these manipulations are done naively, to create a ‘prettier’, more informative image, says Pulverer. But, he says, “in cases where we don’t obtain plausible explanations and source data for the figure in question, we dig deeper”. At the JCB, acceptance is revoked for about 1% of papers, according to the journal’s executive editor, Liz Williams.
Such scanning methods are far from foolproof. Some worry that alerting authors to problems with their images allows would-be fraudsters to improve their forgeries. And although manipulated images might be easy to spot, it is harder to identify duplications, especially when they come from other articles. “Cross-literature comparisons would require very high-powered search algorithms and probably a supercomputer,” says Pulverer. “This has been discussed for a number of years but never moved forward.” In the STAP case, current image-checking procedures would not have caught the problem with the teratoma image — or several other problems with the main paper1 that surfaced under closer scrutiny.
Philip Campbell, editor-in-chief of Nature, says: “We have concluded that we and the referees could not have detected the problems that fatally undermined the papers.” But scientists and publishers say that catching even the less egregious mistakes raises alarm bells that, on further investigation, can lead to more serious problems being discovered.
Many say that the tests should be carried out on all papers. Christopher says that it takes about one-third of her working week to check all accepted manuscripts for the four journals published by EMBO Press. At Nature and the Nature research journals, papers are subjected to random spot-checking of images during the production process. Alice Henchley, a spokeswoman for Nature, says that the journal does not check the images in all papers because of limitations in resources, and that the STAP papers were not checked. But she adds that as one outcome of this episode, editors “have decided to increase the number of checks that we undertake on Nature’s papers. The exact number or proportion of papers that will be checked is still being decided.”
In the face of extraordinary claims, checking images and text is hardly sufficient to test the veracity of results. Independent genetic analyses12,13 proved that the world’s first sheep cloned from adult cells, Dolly, was genetically identical to the mammary-gland cells from which she was cloned. And Snuppy, created by Hwang’s lab, was similarly confirmed to be the first cloned dog14,15. Both verifications took place after publication of the initial results in order to quell debate, but such verification also could be done pre-publication, before a controversy arises.
Nature took that step in 2007, when it solicited an independent test of Mitalipov’s monkey stem-cell lines, which showed them to be true clones. Those tests required coordination between researchers who had to navigate restrictions on sending cells across borders. It “dragged on for months”, says Mitalipov. He subsequently chose another journal, Cell, to publish his next big stem-cell cloning paper16 — demonstrating the process using human cells — partly for that reason. That paper was published 12 days after acceptance. An anonymous critic pointed out mistakes in the final manuscript including image duplication and mislabelled figures, but the authors proved that they were harmless errors (see Nature http://doi.org/mnk; 2013).
Some researchers say that it would be best if collaborators on a project carried out more stringent verification tests of their own before submitting a paper — something that Wakayama now woefully acknowledges. In the STAP case, however, it is not immediately obvious how this could have been done. Unlike for sheep, dogs or primates, genetically identical mouse strains and matched embryonic-stem (ES)-cell lines are widely available, making it easy to provide samples that look roughly correct. “There is no way to distinguish, genetically, ES cells from STAP cells originating from the same strain,” says Rudolf Jaenisch, a stem-cell biologist at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
That said, post-hoc genetic analyses do seem to be unravelling the STAP riddle. In March, as problems with the papers mounted, Wakayama outsourced genetic sequencing of the purported STAP cells (see Nature http://doi.org/tf8; 2014). The work focused on a certain characteristic — the spot where a gene encoding a fluorescent protein inserts itself into the genome — to pinpoint the cells’ origin. The results, which Wakayama announced in June, showed them to be different from the mice that had supposedly been used to make them (see Nature http://doi.org/tf9; 2014).
A step beyond genetic verification would be independent replication of the experiments. That would probably put undue burden on the scientists asked to do the work. But Richard Behringer, a developmental biologist at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, says that asking authors directly whether more than one person in the lab has reproduced the results would be one way for the journal “to ensure that all data and images in the manuscript were solid”.
REPLICATION ISSUES
Nature does not disclose communications between editors and authors, but Campbell says that there were four independent groups on the two papers, and “it was our understanding that the work was independently replicated”. When questions first arose about the STAP cells, moreover, co-authors on the papers were adamant that they had overseen replication.
Sasai says that his lab observed the generation of STAP cells. But in fact, he had asked Obokata to replicate only the first part of the STAP process — the expression of a protein, Oct4 — which he recorded with live imaging. At the time, he says, he did not consider “the possibility of a gap between these cells and the derivation of STAP stem cells”.
Wakayama said that he “independently” produced STAP stem cells that looked exactly like ES cells — development beyond what Sasai witnessed — which convinced him that the process was solid. After problems first emerged, he told the Nature news team in an e-mail: “I succeeded at RIKEN independently, therefore, I know this result is absolutely true.” Looking back now, though, he realizes that his replication was not completely independent — Obokata was at his side during the entire experiment “and oversaw every step in the process”, he says. Because he moved to a new position at the University of Yamanashi soon after that test, he never characterized the cells and could not rule out the possibility that they had been switched or contaminated. The RIKEN investigative committee found that Sasai and Wakayama, although not involved in the misconduct, carried “heavy responsibility” for what happened.
The co-author who has most confused the issue of replication is Vacanti. Within a week of the STAP papers being published, he sent photos of what he claimed were human STAP cells to the magazine New Scientist. As others failed to replicate the STAP experiment, he told the Nature news team in mid-February: “There really shouldn’t be any difficulty. If I can do it, anyone should be able to do so.” In mid-March, he published online a list of tips for making STAP cells “regardless of the cell type being studied”. To date, however, he has produced no additional evidence that he has derived STAP cells in his laboratory. In a statement released on 2 July, Vacanti asserted that although he agreed to the retractions owing to errors in the manuscripts, he is confident that the “core concept” of STAP will be “verified by the RIKEN as well as independently by others”.
For many stem-cell researchers, the most shocking part of the STAP controversy was the involvement of Niwa, Sasai and Wakayama in such troubled work. “Co-authors of a paper like that should have been certain that they can reproduce results independently and in this case they should share responsibility,” says Davor Solter, a developmental and stem-cell biologist at the Institute of Medical Biology in Singapore. Wakayama takes the blame for not making more effort to check Obokata’s work, such as looking at her notebooks, which the investigative committee found to be alarmingly disorganized. Others sympathize with the researchers, who themselves were duped — whether through negligence or intention — by a junior colleague. “There has to be control, but also trust in science, otherwise the system breaks down completely,” says Maria Leptin, a molecular biologist and director of EMBO. “I cannot watch over every step while they are pipetting. That’s not the point.”
But in addition to lax oversight, Janet Rossant, a stem-cell researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and the outgoing head of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, points to “poor reviewing and editing by Nature, who were also too ready to publish without verification”. Campbell disagrees. “Nature did not let down its guard,” he says.
Some say that the journal should publish reviewers’ comments to clarify the process. Campbell says that the publication of referees’ comments has been considered, but that the disadvantages — which include potential misinterpretations and the desire of many referees to keep their comments confidential — have prevented the journal from embracing this.
“We have to accept that where there is research, there will be research misconduct,” says Paul Taylor, a research-integrity adviser at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Efforts by institutions to train researchers and improve data-management infrastructure might help, “but no policy, no education or training, no administrative requirement, is going to stop misconduct”.
Taylor adds that the focus should be on how an institution responds. In that sense, he says the STAP problem seems to have been a success. RIKEN has acknowledged flaws in its data management and exaggeration in its press release for the STAP papers. Taylor says that its response has been fast, effective and transparent. In the midst of the investigation into Obokata’s work, Noyori instructed all RIKEN labs to review their published work — totalling tens of thousands of papers — for similar types of errors.
Among stem-cell researchers, STAP has become another cautionary tale to add to Hwang’s, with its own set of lessons. For Loring, the story stresses the importance of good record-keeping and the need to enter collaborations with caution. “I lecture my lab members that being an author carries responsibility for the validity of all of the work in the paper. I really try to live by that.” She says that she has removed her name from authorship lists in cases when she could not vouch for the quality of a manuscript.
But for many it is a lesson hard-learned, once again. “Reputation in science is everything,” says Trounson, in a statement that applies no less to journals and institutions than individual scientists. “Once gone, it’s extremely hard to get back.” ■
Body-Language 몸짓언어 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Cellulite(셀룰라이트) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
03-The Last Days of Mary Kennedy(케네디가의 불행)-본문(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
02-Bye-Bye, Jubilee(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
미국의 몰몬교도 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/8YLX4xi4yEw
When we communicate with others, we express our thoughts and feelings not only through the words we choose, but also through our tone of voice, facial expression and body language. In fact, many communications experts believe that far more information is communicated non-verbally (without words) than verbally (with words). "Body language" is an important part of non-verbal communication.
When we
우리가 다른 사람들과 의사를 소통할 때, 우리는 우리 생각과 감정을 우리가 선택한 단어를 통해서 뿐만 아니라, 목소리의 톤, 얼굴표정 그리고 몸짓을 통해 표현
한다.
In fact, many communications experts believe that far more information is communicated
사실, 많은 의사소통 전문가들은 훨씬 더 많은 정보가 단어를 사용한 구두로 보다는 단어를 사용하지 않은 방식으로 의사소통이 된다고 믿는다.
"Body language" is an important part of non-verbal communication.
“몸짓언어”는 비언어적인 의사소통의 중요한 일부이다.
Body language includes many different aspects of our every day physical behaviour: the way we greet one another; how we stand, how we sit or walk; the way we
Body language includes many different aspects of our every day physical behaviour: the way we greet one another; how we stand, how we sit or walk; the way we position our arms and legs or use our hands and eyes are some of the most basic.
몸짓언어는 우리의 일상생활의 신체적인 행동의 많은 다른 여러 측면을 포함한다. 즉, 다른 이들을 반갑게 맞이하는 방식, 서고 앉고 걷는 방식, 그리고 팔과 다리를 위치시키고 손과 눈을 사용하는 방식들이 바로 가장 기본적인 것들이다.
[구조분석] the way ....... are + 보어 형식
To learn another language is more than just learning words and grammar, it involves learning about another culture, too. We learn much of our own culture's body language before we learn to speak, from the time we are children, usually without even being aware of it. And that body language varies from culture to culture, so it's something to which second language learners should pay attention.
To learn another language is more than just learning words and grammar, it involves learning about another culture, too. We learn much of our own culture's body language before we learn to speak, from the time we are children, usually without even being aware of it. And that body language varies from culture to culture, so it's something to which second language learners should pay attention.
다른 언어를 배우는 것은 단지 말이나 문법을 배우는 것 이상으로, 또한 다른 문화를 배우는 것을 포함한다. 우리는 말하기를 배우기전, 우리는 어린 시절 부터, 평상시대로 그것(몸짓언어)를 인식하는 것 없이도 많은 우리자신의 문화의 몸짓언어를 배우게 된다. 그리하여 그 몸짓언어는 문화에 따라 다양하여 제2외국어를 배우는 사람은 주의를 기울여야하는 어떤 것이다.
So, how
So, how attuned are you to other people's body language? Try this little experiment. Turn the volume on the television right down while you watch people interact on the screen. You may find it is more difficult to understand what's happening between people from unfamiliar cultures.
그렇다면, 여러분은 다른 사람들의 몸짓언어에 어떻게 익숙해질까요? 이 작은 실험을 한 번해보세요. 텔레비전 소리를 즉시 줄여 보면서 다른 사람들이 그 스크린화면에 (어떻게) 반응하는지를 관찰해 보세요. 여러분은 어색한 문화 출신의 사람들 사이에 일어나고 있는 것을 이해하는 것이 더욱 어렵다는 것을 알게 될 것 같다.
Sometimes, cultural differences in appropriate body language can cause discomfort or misunderstandings too. For example, there are definite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two people who are speaking together. If you are used to people keeping their distance, you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably move away repeatedly, if someone keeps trying to stand closer to you at a party! We call this the "personal comfort zone".
Sometimes, cultural differences in appropriate body language can cause discomfort or misunderstandings too. For example, there are definite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two people who are speaking together. If you are used to people keeping their distance, you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably move away repeatedly, if someone keeps trying to stand closer to you at a party! We call this the "personal comfort zone".
때때로, 적절한 몸짓언어에서의 문화적 차이점은 또한 불편함 또는 오해의 원인이 될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 얼마만큼의 거리가 함께 대화는 사람들 사이에 있어야만 하는지에 대한 명확한 문화적 차이가 있다. 상대가 그들만의 거리를 유지하는데 여러분이 익숙해져 있을 때, 누군가가 파티에서 여러분과 더욱 가까이 서있고자 한다면, 여러분은 아주 불편함을 느낄 것이고, 아마 반복해서 떨어지려 할 것이다. 우리는 이것을 “개인적인 편안한 거리(요령)”라 부른다.
1. Can body language reflect cultural or regional attitudes?1)
① Yes
② No
③ Doesn't say
2. All native English speakers use the same body language.2)
① Yes
② No
③ Doesn't say
3. Which one of the following is not an example of body language?3)
① The way we stand
② The words we use
③ The way we use our hands
④ A and B
⑤ B and C
⑥ A and C
⑦ All of the above
⑧ None of the above
4. In all cultures:4)
① Shaking your head means, "no".
② Nodding your head means, "yes".
③ Shaking your head means, "yes".
④ A and B
⑤ C and D
⑥ None of the above
5. How can television or video help us understand more about body language?5)
① Television and video let us listen more easily to the words
people use.
② We cannot learn about body language from television or
video.
③ We can watch people interact without listening to the words
they use.
④ A and B
⑤ B and C
⑥ A and C
⑦ None of the above
6. Understanding body language can help you communicate better.6)
① Yes
② No
③ Doesn't say
7. Body language is a kind of non-verbal communication.7)
① Yes
② No
③ Doesn't say
8. In general, Australians are seen as:8)
① Reserved and formal
② Casual and relaxed
③ Open and outgoing
④ None of the above
9. We should pay attention to body language because:9)
① It varies from culture to culture.
② It may cause misunderstandings.
③ And and B
④ It doesn't say.
10. Most people will understand cultural mistakes with body language, so:10)
① We don't need to pay much attention to a new culture's body
language.
② We should be extremely careful about our use of body
language in a new culture.
③ We should learn about a new culture's body language but not
worry too much about making mistakes.
④ None of the above.
1) ③
2) ②
3) ①, ②, ⑥
4) ⑦ The meaning of a nod or a shake of the head can vary from culture to culture.
5) ③
6) ①
7) ①
8) ②
9) ①, ②, ③
10) ③
Cell-Induced Stress 세포가 낳은 고통 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Cellulite(셀룰라이트) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
03-The Last Days of Mary Kennedy(케네디가의 불행)-본문(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
02-Bye-Bye, Jubilee(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
미국의 몰몬교도 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/DRTudfqDGFQ
Cellulite has often been termed “the curse of women” because so many suffer from the annoying orange peel skin dimples and fat deposits on their hips, bums and thighs. Unfortunately, too many women also throw thousands and thousands of dollars down the drain on totally ineffective “treatments” and useless products. That is because most people don’t really know what “cellulite” is, or what causes these odd dimples on the lower body trouble zones…
So if you don’t know what cellulite is, how can you treat it?
Cellulite has often been termed “the curse of women” because so many suffer from the annoying orange peel skin dimples and fat deposits on their hips, bums and thighs. Unfortunately, too many women also throw thousands and thousands of dollars down the drain on totally ineffective “treatments” and useless products. That is because most people don’t really know what “cellulite” is, or what causes these odd dimples on the lower body trouble zones…
cellulite는 ‘여성들의 저주’라 일컬어 왔는데 그 이유는 꽤 많은 여성들이 그들의 엉덩이과 허벅지 위에 짜증스런 오랜지 껍질 피부 옴폭 들어간 모양과 지방축척으로 괴로움을 격고 있기 때문이다. / 안타깝게도, 많은 여성들은 또한 완전히 비효율적인 치료와 쓸모없는 제품에 엄청난 돈을 허비하고 있다. / 그것은 대부분의 사람들이 cellulite가 무엇인지를 모르거나 하체의 문제 지역에 이 괴상한 모습의 원인을 모르기 때문이다.
cellulite : 셀룰라이트(피하에 뭉쳐서 피부를 우둘투둘해 보이게 하는 피하지방 / dimple : 보조개, 옴폭 들어간 곳 / down the drain : 허비된, 훨씬 더 나빠진
Fact is, there is no real difference between cellulite fat, and regular fat. All of the cellulite sponges and creams designed to “dissolve” cellulite and other gimmicky devices are all ripping you off. Unfortunately, cellulite is actually caused by muscular atrophy, a condition that occurs when the layer of muscle becomes weak and undefined, and separates from the skin, making the unattractive fatty deposits visible. So the first thing you need to know is that cellulite treatment has nothing to do with your skin and everything to do with the muscles underneath the skin. And remember, cellulite removal has NOTHING to do with weight loss. Even the skinniest of girls can suffer from cellulite.
Fact is, there is no real difference between cellulite fat, and regular fat. All of the cellulite sponges and creams designed to “dissolve” cellulite and other gimmicky devices are all ripping you off. Unfortunately, cellulite is actually caused by muscular atrophy, a condition that occurs when the layer of muscle becomes weak and undefined, and separates from the skin, making the unattractive fatty deposits visible. So the first thing you need to know is that cellulite treatment has nothing to do with your skin and everything to do with the muscles underneath the skin. And remember, cellulite removal has NOTHING to do with weight loss. Even the skinniest of girls can suffer from cellulite.
사실은 cellulite지방과 일반지방과의 확실한 차이는 없다는 것이다. cellulite를 제거하고자 고안된 모든 cellulite 스폰지와 크림과 다른 교묘한 기구들은 모두 여러분에게 바가지를 씌우고 있는 것이다. 불행히도, cellulite는 근육층이 약해지고 흐릿해질 때, 그리고 피부로부터 이탈되어, 매력적이 못한 지방축척이 눈에 띄게 만드는 상태인, 근육위축이 실제 원인이다. 그리하여 우선 알아야한 것은 cellulite치료는 피부와는 전혀 무관하고 피부 아래에 있는 근육과 전적으로 관계가 있는 것이다. 그리고 cellulite제거는 체중손실과도 무관하다는 것을 기억해야한다. 아주 마른 여자 아이들 조차도 cellulite로 고통 받고 있다는 것이다. gimmicky : 교묘한 / muscular atrophy : 근육위축
The good news is that there is a way to reverse muscular atrophy, and banish annoying cellulite forever. And no matter how much you weigh or how old you are, you can do this naturally without popping pills or using phony lotions.
The good news is that there is a way to reverse muscular atrophy, and banish annoying cellulite forever. And no matter how much you weigh or how old you are, you can do this naturally without popping pills or using phony lotions.
다행한 소식은 근육위축을 반전시킬 수 있고 짜증스런 cellulite를 영원히 추방할 수도 있는 방법이 있다. 그리하여 자신의 몸무게나 나이에 상관없이 약을 과다복용하거나 가짜 로션을 사용하는 것 없이 자연스럽게 이것을 할 수 있다.
pop pills : 약을 과다복용하다
HERE ARE 5 TOP TIPS TO GET RID OF YOUR CELLULITE FOREVER:
1. You CANNOT get rid of cellulite with creams or lotions: Stop using them! It’s that simple. There are dozens of cellulite reduction creams on the market, but they don’t do anything to treat your cellulite. The dimples caused by cellulite are a superficial result of a problem below the surface of your skin, therefore creams will do nothing.
1. You CANNOT get rid of cellulite with creams or lotions: Stop using them! It’s that simple. There are dozens of cellulite reduction creams on the market, but they don’t do anything to treat your cellulite. The dimples caused by cellulite are a superficial result of a problem below the surface of your skin, therefore creams will do nothing.
1. cellulite는 크림이나 로션으론 제거할 수 없다! 이들 사용을 멈추세요! 그것은 단순하다. 시장엔 많은 cellulite 제거 크림이 있지만, cellulite를 치료하는데 도움이 되진 않는다. cellulite의 원인인 옴폭 들어간 곳은 피부표면 아래에 있는 문제의 표면적인 결과이다.
2. Medi-Spa Treatments do not work: Numerous FDA reports show that medi-spa treatments designed to remove cellulite have actually scarred and injured a number of women permanently. From body-wrapping to endermologie, these treatments are completely ineffective (but can be very expensive).
2. Medi-Spa Treatments do not work: Numerous FDA reports show that medi-spa treatments designed to remove cellulite have actually scarred and injured a number of women permanently. From body-wrapping to endermologie, these treatments are completely ineffective (but can be very expensive).
Medi-Spa 치료법은 효과가 없다: 수많은 FDA(Food and Drug Administration 미국 식품의약국)의 보고서는 cellulite를 제거하기 위해 고안된 medi-spa치료는 많은 여성들에게 영구적인 상처를 남기게 하거나 손상을 준다. 보디 랩에서 앙데몰로지에 이르는 치료법은 전혀 효과가 없다. (단지 아주 고가이다).
medi-spa : 치료요법을 제공하는 헬스클럽이나 온천 / body-wrapping : 보디 랩(미용 효과가 있는 성분을 몸에 바르는 것) / endermologie : 앙데몰로지(피부 조직의 이상을 치료)
3. Cellulite is NOT genetic, you CAN get rid of it: Ignore what you’ve been told, cellulite is not a genetic problem and you do not have to be stuck with it forever. Believing these falsehoods will just prevent you from taking the steps you need to get rid of your cellulite.
3. Cellulite is NOT genetic, you CAN get rid of it: Ignore what you’ve been told, cellulite is not a genetic problem and you do not have to be stuck with it forever. Believing these falsehoods will just prevent you from taking the steps you need to get rid of your cellulite.
3. cellulite는 유전이 아니므로 제거될 수 있다: 들어왔던 소문을 무시하고 유전적인 문제가 아니므로 그것을 늘 골몰할 필요는 없다. 이러한 거짓된 소문을 믿는 것은 cellulite를 제거하는데 필요한 조치에 방해가 될 뿐이다.
4. You can get rid of cellulite no matter how old you are: Because cellulite is a muscle issue, you can always fix it by strengthening your muscles. All you have to do are some simple movements that target specific muscles in the cellulite affected area to get rid of your cellulite. You can do these movements at home – they are not vigorous or overly strenuous and can be performed by women of all fitness levels.
4. You can get rid of cellulite no matter how old you are: Because cellulite is a muscle issue, you can always fix it by strengthening your muscles. All you have to do are some simple movements that target specific muscles in the cellulite affected area to get rid of your cellulite. You can do these movements at home – they are not vigorous or overly strenuous and can be performed by women of all fitness levels.
4. 나이에 상관없이 cellulite는 제거될 수 있다: cellulite는 근육조직이기 때문에, 근육을 강화시키는 것으로 언제나 고칠 수 있다. 해야 할 일은 cellulite를 제거할 곳의 특별 근육을 목표로 약간의 단순한 운동이다. 집에서 가능하다 - 이러한 운동은 격렬하거나 몹시 힘이 드는 것은 아니고 건강운동 수준의 정도이다.
5. The ONLY way to get rid of cellulite forever is with specifically targeted lower-body movements: The movements are unique, and directly target the muscles in the cellulite areas. They focus on lifting, toning and shaping the muscle layers, pushing them towards the skin and getting rid of the dimpled appearance. Unfortunately, these are not movements that you’ll be able to learn at your nearest gym. This natural way to remove cellulite does not make use of weights or machines.
5. The ONLY way to get rid of cellulite forever is with specifically targeted lower-body movements: The movements are unique, and directly target the muscles in the cellulite areas. They focus on lifting, toning and shaping the muscle layers, pushing them towards the skin and getting rid of the dimpled appearance. Unfortunately, these are not movements that you’ll be able to learn at your nearest gym. This natural way to remove cellulite does not make use of weights or machines.
5. cellulite를 영구히 추방하는 유일한 방법은 하체운동에 특히 몰두하는 것이다: 이 운동은 독특하고 cellulite가 있는 곳의 근육에 직접적인 목표를 한다. 이 운동은 몸 들어올리기, 탄력 피부 만들기, 근육 층 형성하여 근육 층을 피부 쪽으로 밀어 옴폭한 모양을 제거하는 것이다. 안타깝게도, 이러한 것은 가까운 헬스클럽에서 배우만한 것은 아니다. cellulite를 제거하는 자연스런 방법은 역기나 운동기계를 사용한는 것도 아니다.
tone : (근육, 피부를) 탄력 있게 만들다
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
Cell-Induced Stress 세포가 낳은 고통 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Body-Language 몸짓언어 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
03-The Last Days of Mary Kennedy(케네디가의 불행)-본문(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
02-Bye-Bye, Jubilee(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
미국의 몰몬교도 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/FKYo9qFUAwY
[01~03] The Last Days of Mary Kennedy
She was the love of Bobby Jr.'s life. Then, everything unraveled.
In the weeks before Mary Richardson Kennedy began searching the Internet for instructions on how to make a noose, the facade of a life she'd so desperately fought to maintain was rapidly crumbling. She was in the midst of an excruciatingly ugly divorce from Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the second son of Robert and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. She was drinking heavily, and her behavior became so erratic that court authorities would only allow her to see her four children during visits supervised by the family housekeeper. "I saw her in the kitchen, like with her head down, and I was like. Oh, golly, she's talking on the phone and crying," says the housekeeper, who had lived with the couple throughout their entire marriage. "But then I get close to her, and she was passed out. The plate of food was old, and her face was on top of the plate. And that day, she was drinking a lot."
[해석 및 분석]
- unravel [ʌnrǽvəl] vi. 풀어지다; 해명되다, 명백해지다. / noose [nuːs] ① 올가미(snare); (the ∼) 교수(絞首)에 의한 죽음.
② 자유를 제약하는 것; (부부의) 유대, 결속, 얽매임. / how to make a noose : 목을 매다(자살하다) / façade [fəsɑ́ːd] (건물의) 정면(front); (사물의) 겉, 외관 / crumble [krʌ́mbl] ∼ / +부/ +전+명』 무너지다; 망하다; 허무하게 사라지다. / excruciating [ikskrúːʃièititg] 몹시 고통스러운, 참기 어려운; 몹시 괴롭히는 / erratic [irǽtik] 일정하지 않은, 변하기 쉬운, 불규칙적인; 변덕스러운 / golly1 [gɑ́li] (구어) 저런, 어머나, 아이고 (놀람·감탄 따위를 나타냄). / pass out (구어) 기절하다; (비유) 죽다; (구어) (취해서) 의식을 잃다.
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~3]
The Last Days of Mary Kennedy
She was the love of Bobby Jr.'s life. Then, everything unraveled.
In the weeks before Mary Richardson Kennedy began searching the Internet for instructions on how to make a noose, the facade of a life she'd so desperately fought to maintain was rapidly crumbling. She was in the midst of an excruciatingly ugly divorce from Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the second son of Robert and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. She was drinking heavily, and her behavior became so erratic that court authorities would only allow her to see her four children during visits supervised by the family housekeeper. "I saw her in the kitchen, like with her head down, and I was like. Oh, golly, she's talking on the phone and crying," says the housekeeper, who had lived with the couple throughout their entire marriage. "But then I get close to her, and she was passed out. The plate of food was old, and her face was on top of the plate. And that day, she was drinking a lot."
1. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ‘Mary Richardson Kennedy'의 심정을 나타내는 것과 어울리지 않는 것은?1)
① desperate ② crumbling
③ excruciating ④ erratic
⑤ old
2. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?2)
① Mary got married to Bobby.
② Mary suicided himself.
③ Her divorce caused her to end her life.
④ When she wanted to see her children, she had to be
supervised by court authorities.
⑤ Her housekeeper had live with the couple.
3. 위 글에 나타난 단어의 영영풀이가 어색한 것은?3)
① noose : a circular loop at the end of a piece of rope
or wire.
② maintain : to continue to have something
③ erratic : not being a regular pattern and happening at
unexpected times
④ authority : the people who have the power to make
decisions and to make sure that laws are obeyed
⑤ pass out : die
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/jb8BngFNunE
[04~-05]
Easter Sunday, April 8, should have been a welcome respite from the chaos. She had the children - Conor, 17, Kyra, 16, Fin, 14, and Aidan, 10 - all staying with her at the family home in Westchester County, New York. But she was drunk, and the housekeeper would now have to tell the court that Mary - who'd already been arrested twice for DUIs since Bobby had filed for divorce in May 2010 - was drinking again. "I called Mary's sisters, and they said, 'OK, we're going there,'" says the Colombian housekeeper., who spoke to me on the condition that her name not be used. "But they never show up. So after that, Mary told me, 'Oh, my sisters, my brothers, they're all so mad at me they don't want to talk to me for what I did.' And then she was so sorry, and then she say, 'Why I did it? Why, why, why I drink?'"
Because of her condition, the family-court judge decided to give full but temporary custody to her estranged husband, who lived in a rented house just down the road from the couple's estate. Mary's best chance to get her children back was to do well with a psychological evaluation that would determine long-term custody. She was scheduled to see psychologist Marc T. Abrams in nearby Bedford Hills in early May, but twice broke the appointments and gave false excuses, which upset the psychologist, who notified everyone involved. She attended a session on May 10, and she had every reason to assume that when Abrams issued his report, he would recommend that Bobby be given full custody. And she feared living without her children.
[해석 및 분석]
- D.U.I. driving under the influence (음주 운전). / custody [kʌ́stədi] 구금, 구류. / estrange [istréindʒ] vt. ∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ┅의 사이를 나쁘게 하다, 이간하다; 멀리하다, 떼다(from); ┅의 애정에 찬물을 끼얹다. • His impolite behavior ∼d his friends. 그의 무례한 행동 때문에 그의 친구들은 떨어져 나갔다.
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [4~5]
Easter Sunday, April 8, should have been a welcome respite from the chaos. She had the children - Conor, 17, Kyra, 16, Fin, 14, and Aidan, 10 - all staying with her at the family home in Westchester County, New York. But she was drunk, and the housekeeper would now have to tell the court that Mary - who'd already been arrested twice for DUIs since Bobby had filed for divorce in May 2010 - was drinking again. "I called Mary's sisters, and they said, 'OK, we're going there,'" says the Colombian housekeeper., who spoke to me on the condition that her name not be used. "But they never show up. So after that, Mary told me, 'Oh, my sisters, my brothers, they're all so mad at me they don't want to talk to me for what I did.' And then she was so sorry, and then she say, 'Why I did it? Why, why, why I drink?'"
Because of her condition, the family-court judge decided to give full but temporary custody to her estranged husband, who lived in a rented house just down the road from the couple's estate. Mary's best chance to get her children back was to do well with a psychological evaluation that would determine long-term custody. She was scheduled to see psychologist Marc T. Abrams in nearby Bedford Hills in early May, but twice broke the appointments and gave false excuses, which upset the psychologist, who notified everyone involved. She attended a session on May 10, and she had every reason to assume that when Abrams issued his report, he would recommend that Bobby be given full custody. And she feared living without her children.
4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 'should have been'의 의미는?4)
① pleasure ② regret ③ obligation
④ continuation ⑤ assumption
5. 위 글에 나타난 ‘Mary'의 상황과 일치하지 않은 것은?5)
① 그녀는 부활절을 자녀들과 행복하게 보냈다.
② 그녀는 음주운전으로 2번 체포를 당했다.
③ Bobby의 이혼소송으로 그녀는 더 많은 술을 마셨다.
④ 그녀와 형제들과의 관계는 소원했다.
⑤ 그녀의 심리상태의 매우 불안정했다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/jbE9l-WrJaM
[06~08]
Mary was spending much of her time in bed, and that Sunday morning, Mary 13, she looked so ill that the worried housekeeper skipped church to stay with her. Monday was no better, nor Tuesday, and the housekeeper had a feeling that something bad was about to happen. "Two weeks prior, Mary had asked the housekeeper's husband to buy a rope, which she said she needed for a sofa she was making.
On Wednesday, May 16, Mary was nowhere to be found. The housekeeper and her husband looked all over but couldn't find her. The housekeeper called Bobby and he came over to the house. The three of them searched further, until they entered the barn and found a harrowing sight. Mary was as neat as Bobby was sloppy, and she had tied a beautiful knot at the end of the rope, attached it to a rafter, and hanged herself. The housekeeper fell to the ground in a fetal position and stayed there for several hours. As for Bobby, whenever a Kennedy had died during his lifetime, whether it was his brothers David and Michael or his cousin John Kennedy Jr., his lean face would turn gray with grief, but he never cried. Now the tears flowed.
6~8 [해석 및 분석]
- harrowing1 [hǽrouiŋ] 마음 아픈, 비참한. / sloppy [slɑ́pi / slɔ́pi] 단정치 못한(slovenly); (글·옷차림이) 엉성한, 변변치 않은, 되는 대로의(careless). / rafter2 [rǽftəːr, rɑ́ːftəːr] 서까래 / fétal posítion 〖정신의학〗(어느 형(型)의 정신 퇴행(退行)에 나타나는) 태아형 자세. /
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [6~8]
Mary was spending much of her time in bed, and that Sunday morning, May 13, she looked so ill that the worried/worrying housekeeper skipped church to stay with her. Monday was no better, nor Tuesday, and the housekeeper had a feeling that Ⓐsomething bad was about to happen. "Two weeks prior, Mary had asked the housekeeper's husband to buy a rope, which she said she needed for a sofa she was making.
On Wednesday, May 16, Mary was nowhere to be found. The housekeeper and her husband looked all over but couldn't find her. The housekeeper called Bobby and he came over to the house. The three of them searched further, until they entered/entered into the barn and found a harrowing sight. ⒷMary was as neat as Bobby was sloppy, and she had tied a beautiful knot at the end of the rope, attached it to a rafter, and hanged herself. The housekeeper fell/felled to the ground in a fetal position and stayed there for several hours. As for Bobby, whenever a Kennedy had died during his lifetime, whether it was his brothers David and Michael or his cousin John Kennedy Jr., his lean face would turn gray with grief, but he never cried. Now the tears flowed.
6. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?6)
① worried entered fell
② worried entered into fell
③ worrying entered felled
④ worrying entered into felled
⑤ worried entered felled
7. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ에 의미하는 것은?7)
① Mary's asking favor of the housekeeper's husband
② The housekeeper skipping church
③ They couldn't find Mary.
④ Mary hanged herself.
⑤ The tears by Bobby flowed.
8. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ와 의미가 같은 것은?8)
① Mary was no less neat than Bobby was sloppy.
② Mary was more neat than Bobby was sloppy.
③ Mary was not as much neat as Bobby was sloppy.
④ Mary and Bobby were neat and sloppy.
⑤ Both Mary and Bobby were neat, but sloppy.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/hj-WvioB62w
[09-11]
And then came an even uglier spectacle: a battle between the two families as they lined up on a field of combat that ranged from the funeral and the burial ground to the spin in the media. The Richardsons wanted their sister buried in the family plot in Vermont. Bobby and Mary's two oldest children, Conor and Kyra, spent the entire day in court two days after their mother's death to tell a judge that they wanted their mother's remains buried near the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port. Massachusetts, where they would have an easier time visiting her. And so the judge ruled.
Once they called it Camelot, now they called it the Curse, and the media was having a field day over this latest tragedy to befall one of America's most storied and dysfunctional clans. Here was the womanizing Bobby, always described as a former heroin addict, leading his innocent wife to her death, yet another victim of an overweening male ego - and he did so while flaunting his affair with actress Cheryl Hines, who played Larry David's wife on Curb Your Enthusiasm. It was a juicy tale, lacking in nuance. But perhaps Bobby wasn't guilty. Perhaps nobody was guilty. Perhaps Mary Richardson Kennedy was, and had been for some time, a desperately sick woman. That's the portrait that emerges from a sealed, 60-page court affidavit filed by Bobby during divorce proceedings, which I have reviewed in detail, and from interviews with those who were closest to Bobby and Mary, including medical professionals who treated her and said she suffered from a psychiatric disorder.
9~12 [해석 및 분석]
- Camelot [kǽməlɑt] (비유) 화려하고 매력 있는 시대, 목가적 행복에 젖었던 시대 / have a field day 운동회를 하다, 즐거운 시간을 보내다 / dysfunction 기능장애, 기능이상 / clan [klæn] 당파, 도당; 파벌(clique). (구어) 가족. / overween [òuvərwíːn] vi. (고어) 자부하다, 거드름피우다. / ego [íːgou, égou] ① 자기를 의식한 개인, 자기; 〖철학·심리〗 자아. ② 지나친 자부심, 자만; 자존심(self-esteem). / flaunt [flɔːnt] v. 자랑하다, 과시하다. /
- Curb Your Enthusiasm 모큐멘터리라(현실과 드라마를 혼합한 형식) 미국 드라마 / portrait [pɔ́ːrtrit, -treit] n. ① 초상; 초상화; 초상[인물] 사진. ② (언어에 의한 인물의) 상세한 묘사. ③ 유사물; 유형.)는 형식으로 제작된 시트콤 / nuance [njúːɑːns, --́] 빛깔의 엷고 짙은 정도, 색조(色調); 뉘앙스, 미묘한 차이(말의 뜻·감정·빛깔·소리 등의). / affidavit [æ̀fədéivit] n. 법률〗 선서서(宣誓書), 선서 진술서. / psychiatric, ─rical [sàikiǽtrik], [-əl] a. 정신병학의, 정신병 치료의, 정신과의. /
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [9~11]
And then came an even uglier spectacle: a battle between the Ⓐtwo families as they lined up on a field of combat that ranged from the funeral and the burial ground to the spin in the media. The Richardsons wanted their sister buried in the family plot in Vermont. Bobby and Mary's two oldest children, Conor and Kyra, spent the entire day in court two days after their mother's death to tell a judge that they wanted their mother's remains buried near the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port. Massachusetts, where they would have an easier time visiting her. And so the judge ruled.
Once they called it Camelot, now they called it the Curse, and the media was having a field day over this latest tragedy to befall one of America's most storied and dysfunctional clans. Here was the womanizing ⒷBobby, always described as a former heroin addict, leading his innocent wife to her death, yet another victim of an overweening male ego - and he did so while flaunting his affair with actress Cheryl Hines, who played Larry David's wife on Curb Your Enthusiasm. It was a juicy tale, lacking in nuance. But perhaps Bobby wasn't guilty. Perhaps nobody was guilty. Perhaps Mary Richardson Kennedy was, and had been for some time, a desperately sick woman. That's the portrait that emerges from a sealed, 60-page court affidavit filed by Bobby during divorce proceedings, which I have reviewed in detail, and from interviews with those who were closest to Bobby and Mary, including medical professionals who treated her and said she suffered from a psychiatric disorder.
9. 위 글 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것을 쓰시오?9)
and
10. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ와 관계가 없는 것은?10)
① a former heroin addict
② an overweening male ego ③ a womanizer
④ a desperately sick woman's husband
⑤ an innocent
11. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?11)
① 두 집안 간에 마찰이 심각했다.
② 법원은 결국 케네지 집안의 생각에 손을 들어 주었다.
③ 케네디가의 비극의 호칭은 다르게 변모했다.
④ 작가는 Mary의 죽음이 전적으로 그녀 자신에게 있다고
확신하지 않는다.
⑤ 작가는 Bobby와 Mary의 지인들과 인터뷰만으로 이글을
써나갔다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/wH9zNFD3hwM
[12~14]
THE KENNEDYS have a celebrated tradition of keeping their secrets to themselves, but Bobby's affidavit, sworn Sept. 16, 2011, and filed in New York Supreme Court in Westchester County as part of their divorce, discussed a Kennedy family's private life with sad candor. In the document, Bobby made the startling claim that Mary was physically abusing him and threatening suicide in front of the children. He said he cried often during his marriage, but not from sadness or grief. "Mary's violence and physical abuse toward me began before we were married." Bobby said in the affidavit. "Soon after Mary became pregnant with our first son, Mary, in a sudden rage about my continued friendship with [my ex-wife] Emily, hit me in the face with her fist. She was a trained boxer and I got a shiner. Her engagement ring crushed my tear duct causing permanent damage ... Mary asked me to lie to her family about the cause of my shiner."
"Bobby had this strange lump over his left eye.," recalled one of Bobby's oldest friends., who requested that he not be named. "But everything seemed great with Mary, and I didn't think anything about it."
The affidavit was by no means a balanced account of the woman Bobby said he had loved more than anyone in his life. He could have written a hundred pages about her wit and beauty, a hundred more about her generosity and love, and still more about her concern for others and the originality of her mind. But this document was a litany of everything Bobby said he had suffered.
12~16 [해석 및 분석]
"
- celebrated 유명한 / candor, 【영국】 ─dour [kǽndər] n. U 공정; 정직, 솔직. / shiner [ʃáinəːr] n. (구어) 시퍼렇게 멍든 눈 / téar dùct [tíəːr-] 〖해부학〗 누관(淚管), 눈물샘. / litany [lítəni] n. 〖교회〗 호칭(呼稱) 기도(일련의 탄원 기도로, 사제·성가대 등이 선창하고 신자들이 응답하는 형태); (the L-) 탄원(기도서 중의); 장황한 이야기[설명]. /
- who requested that he (should) not be named : requested로 인하여 that절의 should가 생략된 문장
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [12~16]
THE KENNEDYS have a celebrated tradition of keeping their secrets to themselves, but Bobby's affidavit, sworn Sept. 16, 2011, and filed in New York Supreme Court in Westchester County as part of their divorce, discussed a Kennedy family's private life Ⓐ . In the document, Bobby made the startling claim that Mary was physically abusing him and threatening suicide in front of the children. ①He said he cried often during his marriage, but not from sadness or grief. "Mary's violence and physical abuse toward me began before we were married." Bobby said in the affidavit. "Soon after Mary became pregnant with our first son, Mary, in a sudden rage about my continued friendship with [my ex-wife] Emily, hit ②me in the face with her fist. She was a trained boxer and ③I got a shiner. Her engagement ring crushed my tear duct causing permanent damage ... Mary asked ④me to lie to her family about the cause of my shiner."
"Bobby had this strange lump over his left eye.," recalled one of Bobby's oldest friends., who requested that he not be named. "But everything seemed great with Mary, and ⑤I didn't think anything about it."
The affidavit was by no means a balanced account of the woman Bobby said he had loved more than anyone in his life. He could have written a hundred pages about her wit and beauty, a hundred more about her generosity and love, and still more about her concern for others and the originality of her mind. But this document was a litany of everything Bobby said he had suffered.
12. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?12)
① Bobby under the false charge
② A private life : more interesting stories
③ A lie results in true revelation.
④ The Kennedys' tradition going on
⑤ The importance of saying true
13. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현은?13)
① with sad candor
② with proudness
③ with ostentatious exaggeration
④ in secret
⑤ in halfhearted inclination
14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 가리키는 대상이 다른 것은?14)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
15. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?15)
① Bobby의 진술서는 자신만이 피해자라 주장한다.
② 케네디가의 전통은 비밀을 자신들만의 것으로 한다.
③ Bobby에 따르면, Mary의 폭력은 첫 출산 후 시작 되었
다.
④ 작가는 Bobby의 진술서는 공정하지 않다고 생각한다.
⑤ Bobby는 자신만의 주장을 진술서에 썼다.
16. 위 글에 나타난 작가의 Mary에 관한 성격이 아닌 것은?16)
① witty and beautiful
② generous
③ lovely
④ creative
⑤ stubborn
1) ⑤
2) ④ 그녀의 가정부의 감시를 받았다.
3) ⑤ pass out : to become unconscious; faint
pass away : die
4) ② regret
① pleasure(기쁨) ③ obligation(의무)
④ continuation(계속) ⑤ assumption(가정)
5) ①
6) ①
7) ④
8) ①
9) the Kennedys / The Richardsons
10) ⑤
11) ⑤
12) ③
13) ①
14) ⑤
15) ③
16) ⑤
Body-Language 몸짓언어 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
Cellulite(셀룰라이트) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
02-Bye-Bye, Jubilee(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
미국의 몰몬교도 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Russia Tests Largest Amphibious Hovercraft in Live-Fire Drill in Baltic Sea 러시아는 발틱해에서의 실전화력훈련에서 수륙양용 공기부양선을 시험하고있다. (0) | 2015.05.08 |
동영상 강좌 바로가기 https://youtu.be/pNxn7jYvs98
Bye-Bye, Jubilee
AFTER MONTHS of preparation and speculation, the largest fireworks display London had seen in years, a regal flotilla down the Thames, and rock concert where Her Majesty wore earplugs, the Diamond Jubilee celebration is over. Even the hospitalization of Prince Philip did not deter the stoical monarch and her brood from carrying on through the rain to the cheers and tears of their subjects, who, it should be clear to all now, do truly love their queen. With soaring opinion polls putting her at a record 80 percent approval rating, there's no doubt that fifteen years after Princess Diana's death nearly brought down the Crown, the queen has reached a level of support that any democratically elected official would die for and any dictator would kill for. So what's next? For the United Kingdom, as soon as the streets are cleaned from this party, there are thousands of athletes descending for awards of a different sort and ones that Her Majesty has no hope of winning. For Britain's second-longest reigning monarch, it's back to business as usual at "the firm," though surely after 60 years she's earned a moment's rest. - Lucus Wittmann
[해석 및 분석]
- jubilee (특히 25주년이나 50주년) 기념일[기념제] a special anniversary of an event, especially the 25th or 50th anniversary / After A(months ~ speculation), B(the ~ years), C(a regal ~ Thames), C(and) 구문임 / deter A from B : A가 B하는 것을 제지하다 / through A to B : A를 통과하여 B에게 가는 / it should be clear to all now (삽입절) 오늘날 모든 이들에게 분명해진 / put A(her) B(at) A를 B하게 하다 / brought down [과거분사로 death를 수식] (인기 등)을 하락된 / would die for, would kill for에서 for의 목적어는 a level of support / would ~하고 싶어하다로 해석 / ones that 동격절, ones는 athletes를 가리키는 대명사
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]
AFTER MONTHS of preparation and speculation, the largest fireworks display London had seen in years, a regal flotilla down the Thames, and rock concert where Her Majesty wore earplugs, the Diamond Jubilee celebration is over. Even the hospitalization of Prince Philip did not deter the stoical monarch and her brood from carrying on through the rain to the cheers and tears of their subjects, who, Ⓐit should be clear to all now, do truly love their queen. With soaring opinion polls putting her at a record 80 percent approval rating, there's no doubt that fifteen years after Princess Diana's death nearly brought down the Crown, Ⓑthe queen has reached a level of support that any democratically elected official would die for and any dictator would kill for. So what's next? For the United Kingdom, as soon as the streets are cleaned from this party, there are thousands of athletes descending for awards of a different sort and ones that ⒸHer Majesty has no hope of winning. For Britain's second-longest reigning monarch, it's back to business as usual at "the firm," though surely after 60 years she's earned a moment's rest.
1.
① Cheering Londoners ② Bye-Bye, Jubilee
③ Princess Diana's death ④ British Monarch
⑤ Big concert
2. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ와 의미가 다른 것은?2)
① now definitely ② now absolutely
③ now clearly ④ now surely
⑤ now inconspicuously
3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑthe queen에 관한 설명으로 일치하지 않은 것은?3)
① the longest reigning monarch
② the soaring-up of support
③ the democratically elected official
④ the feeling of comfort after 60 years
⑤ the period of a not-short drop-down in support
4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓒ가 가리키는 것은?4)
① disappointing ② interesting
③ boring ④ hopeful
⑤ lonely
5. 위 글에 나타난 분위기는?5)
① celebrating
② consoling
③ regretting
④ silencing
⑤ stilling
1) ②
2) ⑤ now inconspicuously → now conspicuously
3) ①
4) ③
5) ①
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
Cellulite(셀룰라이트) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
03-The Last Days of Mary Kennedy(케네디가의 불행)-본문(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
미국의 몰몬교도 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Russia Tests Largest Amphibious Hovercraft in Live-Fire Drill in Baltic Sea 러시아는 발틱해에서의 실전화력훈련에서 수륙양용 공기부양선을 시험하고있다. (0) | 2015.05.08 |
2015 4 03 성인잡지 영어독해기법 Festival Babes (0) | 2015.04.03 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
It's Mormon in America
Romney's religion just might be his greatest asset.
By DAVID FRUM
Voters are likely to know two things about Mitt Romney: that he's rich and that he's a Mormon. At the same time, more than one fifth of Americans tell pollsters they won't vote for a Mormon for president. Yet if Americans understand Mormonism a little better, they might begin to think of Romney's faith as a feature, not a bug, in the Romney candidacy. If anything, Romney's religion may be the best offset to the isolation from ordinary people imposed by his wealth.
It was Romney's faith that sent him knocking on doors as a missionary - even as his governor father campaigned for the presidency of the United States. It was Romney's position as a Mormon lay leader that had him sitting at kitchen tables doing family budgets during weekends away from Bain Capital. It was Romney's faith that led him and his sons to do chores together at home while his colleagues in the firm were buying themselves ostentatious toys.
Maybe the most isolating thing about being rich in today's America is the feeling of entitlement. Not since the 19th century have the wealthiest expressed so much certainty that they deserve what they have, even as their fellow citizens have less and less.
1~3 [해석 및 분석]
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/EvXtcNZvyk8
By DAVID FRUM
- 모르몬교도(1830년 미국에서 Joseph Smith)가 창립한 모르몬 교회(정식 명칭은 the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)의 교도 / offset 차감 계산하다, <장점이><단점을> 벌충하다 / imposed (과거분사로 수동형) ~의해 부과된(반감이 된) / it is [강조할 내용] that 강조용법 / even as ~하는 바로 그 순간에 / lay leader 민중지도자 / Bain Capital 매사추세츠즈의 보스톤에 위치한 세계대안투자회사 / entitlement (공식적인) 자격[권리], (특정 집단을 위한 정부의) 재정 지원 혜택 / Not since ~로 시작되어, have가 도치된 문장
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~3]
It's ⒶMormon in America
Romney's religion just might be his greatest asset.
By DAVID FRUM
Voters are likely to know two things about ⒷMitt Romney: that he's rich and that he's a Mormon. At the same time, more than one fifth of Americans tell pollsters they won't vote for a Mormon for president. Yet if Americans understand Mormonism a little better, they might begin to think of Romney's faith as a feature, not a bug, in the Romney candidacy. If anything, Romney's religion may be the best offset to the isolation from ordinary people imposed by his wealth.
It was Romney's faith that sent him knocking on doors as a missionary - even as his governor father campaigned for the presidency of the United States. It was Romney's position as a Mormon lay leader that had him sitting at kitchen tables doing family budgets during weekends away from Bain Capital. It was Romney's faith that led him and his sons to do chores together at home while his colleagues in the firm were buying themselves ostentatious toys.
Maybe the most isolating thing about being rich in today's America is the feeling of entitlement. Not since the 19th century have the wealthiest expressed so much certainty that they deserve what they have, even as their fellow citizens have less and less.
1. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ⒶMormon의 대한 미국인들의 생각으로 옳은 것은?1)
① They trust that Mormon contributed to American
economy.
② They think that Rommey is not a Mormon.
③ They are unwilling to vote for a Mormon for president.
④ All Mormons are very ostentatious.
⑤ The richest have expressed their wealth.
2. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⒷMitt Rommey와 관계가 없는 것은?2)
① frugality ② a Mormon lay leader
③ wealth ④ president candidacy
⑤ ostentation
3. 위 글과 일치하지 않는 것은?3)
① 롬니의 종교는 그의 가장 큰 자산인 것 같다.
② 유권자들은 롬니가 부자이고 몰몬교도라는 것을 안다.
③ 미국인들은 몰몬교에 대한 잘 알고 있다.
④ 롬니의 종교는 고립감의 탈출의 최고의 벌충이 될 것 같
다.
⑤ 롬니는 독실한 몰몬교도이다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/spJD-U5SqEE
4~6
To be a Mormon, on the other hand, is to feel perpetually uncertain of your place in America. It's been a long time since the U.S. government waged war on the Mormons of the Utah Territory. Still, even today, Mormons are American's most mockable minority. It's hard to imagine a Broadway musical satirizing jews, blacks, or gays. There is no Napoleon Dynamite about American Muslims.
This uncertainty about Mormonism's status in America no doubt contributes to the ferocious work ethic typical of members of the Church of Jeus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormons are taught to be "anxiously engaged in a good cause," in the words of Mormon scripture. Stephen Mansfield, the (non-Mormon) author of The Mormonizing of America, explains, "Mormons believe they are in life to pass tests set for them." The passage of repeated tests leads to self-improvement, ultimately to the point of perfection. In the words of early Mormon leader Lorenzo Snow: "As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may become." From the point of view of Christian orthodoxy, that idea may be unsettling; as a spur to effort, it's unrivaled.
Like their Calvinist forebears, Mormons are inclined to interpret economic success as an indicator of divine approval, a fulfillment of the Book of Mormon's promise that the faithful will "prosper in the land." This prosperity gospel may explain some of Romney's defiant pride in his material success. Yet Romney's attitude toward money seems also to have been shaped by the LDS church's emphatic hostility to conspicuous consumption and lavish display.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/spJD-U5SqEE
4~6 [해석 및 분석]
- it has been .... since ~이후로 쭉 (현재완료 계속) / mock (특히 흉내를 내며) 놀리다(조롱하다) / Napoleon Dynamite 2004년의 코메디 영화 / anxiously engaged in a good cause 대의명분에 간절히 참여하는 / to pass tests set for them 'set'은 과거분사로 ‘설정된[지워진] / to pass 통과하기 위하여(부사적 목적) / an indicator of divine approval은 a fulfillment와 동격 / that 절은 the Book of Mormon's promise와 동격절 / emphatic 단호한 / hostility 적대감 / conspicuous 눈에 잘 띄는, 과시적 / lavish 사치스런
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [4~6]
To be a Mormon, on the other hand, is to feel perpetually uncertain of your place in America. It's been a long time since the U.S. government waged war on the Mormons of the Utah Territory. Still, even today, Mormons are American's most mockable minority. ⒶIt's hard to imagine a Broadway musical satirizing jews, blacks, or gays. There is no Napoleon Dynamite about American Muslims.
This uncertainty about Mormonism's status in America no doubt contributes to the ferocious work ethic typical of members of the Church of Jeus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormons are taught to be "anxiously engaged in a good cause," in the words of Mormon scripture. Stephen Mansfield, the (non-Mormon) author of The Mormonizing of America, explains, "Mormons believe they are in life to pass tests set for them." The passage of repeated tests leads to self-improvement, ultimately to the point of perfection. In the words of early Mormon leader Lorenzo Snow: "As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may become." From the point of view of Christian orthodoxy, that idea may be unsettling; as a spur to effort, it's unrivaled.
Like their Calvinist forebears, Mormons are inclined to interpret economic success as an indicator of divine approval, a fulfillment of the Book of Mormon's promise that the faithful will "prosper in the land." This prosperity gospel may explain some of Romney's defiant pride in his material success. Yet Romney's attitude toward money seems also to have been shaped by the LDS church's Ⓑ to conspicuous consumption and lavish display.
4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 뜻하는 것은?4)
① Mormons is believers beyond jews, blacks, gay or
Muslims.
② Mormonism has confirmed its territory in America.
③ Mormons don't like Broadway musicals.
④ Mormons don't care about any kind of criticism.
⑤ Mormons is American's most mockable minority.
5. 몰몬교에 대한 교리와 맞지 않은 것은?5)
① 대의명분에 간절히 참여하도록 배우고 있다.
② 사는 목적은 시험에 통과하는 것이라 믿는다.
③ 반복되는 시험을 통해서 자기향상의 완벽한 경지에 이른다
고 믿는다.
④ 그 교리는 기독교와 상반된다.
⑤ 경제적 성공은 자신의 근면으로 이룬 성공이라 믿는다.
6. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 빈칸에 적절한 표현은?6)
① steady consolidation
② emphatic hostility
③ smooth harmony
④ theoretical indifference
⑤ theological acceptance
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/-Xt0HoRuegQ
According to his biographers Michael Kranish and Scott Helman, Romney was horrified when one of his Bain partners purchased himself a private plane. Yes, Romney bought a $55,000 car elevator. But for every story of a rich man's extravagance, there are many more of Romney's frugality: patched gloves, dented cars, and $25 haircuts.
If Romney's attitude toward money is influenced by his church, so is his outlook on how money should be used to help those in need. Mitt and Ann Romney have donated millions to the LDS church, a substantial portion of which has gone to its own internal welfare state for members in need. Unlike government aid, those who receive LDS welfare are expected to "give back"; they contributed almost 900,000 person-days in 2011. Here may originate some of Romney's skepticism about federal welfare programs.
Of course voters may also want to weigh some of Mormonism's more worrisome features. Just as 19th-century Mormons found themselves in profound conflict with the United States over the issue of polygamy, so could the theologically grounded commitment of today's LDS church to one-man-one-woman marriage place its members on a collision course with the 21st-century American mainstream, which increasingly accepts same-sex marriage.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/-Xt0HoRuegQ
7~10 [해석 및 분석]
- so is his outlook 그의 인생관(관점)또한 그렇다(influenced by his church) / which는 donated millions를 가리키는 관계대명사 / person-day 인일(人日)(한 사람이 하루에 처리하는 작업량의 단위) / 주어는(the theologically grounded commitment) 동사(could place)로 이루워진 문장 / place A(its members) on B(a collision course) : A를 B에 몰아 넣다
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [7~10]
According to his biographers Michael Kranish and Scott Helman, Romney was ①horrified when one of his Bain partners purchased himself a private plane. Yes, Romney bought a $55,000 car elevator. But for every story of a rich man's extravagance, there are many more of Romney's ②frugality: patched gloves, dented cars, and $25 haircuts.
If Romney's attitude toward money is influenced by his church, so is his outlook on how money should be used to help those in need. Mitt and Ann Romney have donated millions to the LDS church, a substantial portion of which has gone to its own internal welfare state for members in need. Unlike government aid, those who receive LDS welfare are expected to " Ⓐ "; they contributed almost 900,000 person-days in 2011. Here may originate some of Romney's skepticism about federal welfare programs.
Of course voters may also want to weigh some of Mormonism's more ③worrisome features. Just as 19th-century Mormons found themselves in ④profound conflict with the United States over the issue of polygamy, so could the theologically grounded commitment of today's LDS church to one-man-one-woman marriage place its members on a ⑤coordination course with the 21st-century American mainstream, which increasingly accepts same-sex marriage.
7. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 어색한 것은?7)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
8. 위 글의 빈칸 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현 어구는?8)
① give and take ② give back
③ appreciate ④ reject
⑤ ignore
9. 위 글에 나타난 Rommey의 성격으로 적절하지 않은 것은?9)
① economical ② frugal
③ humanitarian ④ sacrificed
⑤ skeptical
10. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?10)
① 롬니는 근검절약 정신을 갖고 있다.
② 그의 재정에 관한 것은 몰몬교의 영향이 크다.
③ 롬니 부부는 큰 기부를 하고 있다.
④ 롬니는 연방정부의 복지제도를 환영하고 있다.
⑤ 몰몬교는 한때 일부다처제로 정부와 갈등을 빚었다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/lXCu1Zl47bE
And then there is the uniquely problematic character of Mormon scripture, which makes claims about people, events, and even whole civilizations for which there is no external evidence at all. Many Mormons maintain their faith by insisting that the best evidence of ultimate truth is found in a personal feeling that one's beliefs are correct. As a businessman, Mitt Romney was a brutally realistic analyst. But on the most important questions in his life, he may have closed his mind to unwelcome facts.
Yet, all told, the influence of Mormonism on Mitt Romney's attitude and outlook is far more positive than negative - and far more positive than millions of antiMormon voters seem to understand.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/lXCu1Zl47bE
[해석 및 분석]
- there is no external evidence at all for even whole civilization : which의 선행사는 civilization / is far more positive than negative 아주 많은 영향을 받았다 / all (who have been) told
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [11~13]
And then there is the uniquely problematic character of Mormon scripture, which makes claims about people, events, and even whole civilizations for which there is . Many Mormons maintain their faith by insisting that the best evidence of ultimate truth is found in a personal feeling that one's beliefs are correct. As a businessman, Mitt Romney was a brutally realistic analyst. But on the most important questions in his life, he may have closed his mind to unwelcome facts.
Yet, all told, the influence of Mormonism on Mitt Romney's attitude and outlook is far more positive than negative - and far more positive than millions of antiMormon voters seem to understand.
11. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸에 적절한 표현은?11)
① very familiar connection
② no external evidence at all.
③ global mechanism
④ God's only zone
⑤ harmony between God and man
12. 위 글을 통해 볼 때, 롬니의 인생관은?12)
① prioritized by the rich
② analyzed by Mormonism
③ influenced by Mormonism seriously
④ opened by unwelcome facts
⑤ raised up with anit-government
13. 위 글에 나타난 몰몬주의를 요약하자면?13)
① personal emotion
② whole civilizations
③ realistic analyst
④ problematic character
⑤ outlook
1) ③
2) ⑤
3) ③
4) ⑤
5) ⑤
6) ②
7) ⑤ collision
8) ②
9) ⑤
10) ④
11) ②
12) ③
13) ①
03-The Last Days of Mary Kennedy(케네디가의 불행)-본문(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
02-Bye-Bye, Jubilee(완성) (0) | 2017.11.27 |
Russia Tests Largest Amphibious Hovercraft in Live-Fire Drill in Baltic Sea 러시아는 발틱해에서의 실전화력훈련에서 수륙양용 공기부양선을 시험하고있다. (0) | 2015.05.08 |
2015 4 03 성인잡지 영어독해기법 Festival Babes (0) | 2015.04.03 |
Why Apple Keeps Winning in Style 왜 애플은 스타일에서 타의 주종을 불허하나? (0) | 2015.03.03 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
January 26, 1883; Buffalo, New York
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/eL7BgoRmlBQ
Of course, in one sense, the first essential for a man’s being a good citizen is his possession of the home virtues of which we think when we call a man by the emphatic adjective of manly
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] ①Of course(물론), ②in one sense(어떤 의미에서), ③the first essential for a man’s being a good citizen(훌륭한 시민이 되는 사람의 첫 필수적인 조건은) ⑤is his possession of the home virtues of which we think(우리가 생각하는 것은 그가 갖고 있는 가정에 대한 덕망을 소유하고 있느냐는 것입니다) ④when we call a man by the emphatic adjective of manly(우리가 그 사람을 명확한 형용사를 사용해 ‘남자답다’라고 부를 때).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] in one[a = any 어떤] sense / the first[수사 앞에 정관사 the를 붙임, 형용사] essential[명사] we think of (the home virtues[which[관계 대명사]의 선행] when [5형식문장]we call a man[A] by the emphatic adjective of manly[B]의 문장구조임. - of + 형용사 = 형용사구[남자다운]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡essential [isénʃəl] a. 필수의, 불가결한 / †emphatic [imfǽtik, em-] a. 명확한; 단호한 / ‡adjective [ǽdʒiktiv] n. 형용사. / ‡manly [mǽnli] a. (-lier; -liest) 남자다운, 씩씩한. /
[동의어/반의어] emphatic a. assertive[əsə́ːrtiv], forceful[fɔ́ːrsfəl], insistent[insístənt], intense[inténs], vigorous[vígərəs], impassioned[impǽʃənd], stressed[stresd], resounding[rizáundiŋ], underscored [ʌ̀ndərskɔ́ːrd] ant. irresolute[irézəlùːt]
No man can be a good citizen who is not a good husband and a good father, who is not honest in his dealings with other men and women, faithful to his friends and fearless in the presence of his foes, who has not got a sound heart, a sound mind, and a sound body; exactly as no amount of attention to civil duties will save a nation if the domestic life is undermined, or there is lack of the rude military virtues which alone can assure a country’s position in the world.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] ①No man can be a good citizen(어떠한 남자도 ②~ 은 훌륭한 시민이 될 수 없습니다) ②who is not a good husband and a good father(훌륭한 남편이나 아버지가 아닌 사람), who is not honest in his dealings with other men and women(다른 사람들과 거래할 때 정직하지 않은 사람), faithful to his friends and fearless in the presence of his foes(친구들에게 신용이 없는 사람), who has not got a sound heart, a sound mind, and a sound body(건전한 심성, 건전한 마음과 건전한 신체 갖지 않은 사람); / ③exactly as no amount of attention to civil duties will save a nation(시민으로서의 의무에 전혀 관심을 기울이지 않는 것은 국가를 구해날 수 없는 것과 마찬가지 입니다) ①if the domestic life is undermined(만일 가정생활이 손상되어 있거나), or ②there is lack of the rude military virtues which alone can assure a country’s position in the world(세계에서 한 국가의 위상을 홀로 보장할 수 있는 강인한 군기가 부족하다면).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] no man[전체 부정, 어떠한 남자도 ~가 아닌] / a good citizen who[주격 관계대명사, ~라는 훌륭한 시민], ~ , (who is not) faithful[신용이 없는] ~, who[선행사 a good citizen을 수식] ~ ; exactly as[접속사, 정확히 ~인 것처럼] ~ if[조건절, 만일 ~라면] ~ is undermined[‘손상시키다’의 수동태, 손상되다], or there[유도부사, 도치문: ~가 있다] is lack[불가산명사, ~부족한 것] of the rude military virtues[강인한 군기] which[관계대명사]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡faithful [féiɵfəl] a. 충실한, 성실한, 믿을 수 있는(reliable)(to). SINCERE. / ‡fearless [fíərlis] a. 두려움을 모르는 / ‡foe [fou] n. (시어·문어) 적, 원수; 적군 / sound [saund]a. 건전한, 정상적인 [SYN.] ⇨ HEALTHY. / ⁂attention [əténʃən] n. U 주의, 유의; 주의력. / ‡domestic [douméstik] a. 가정의, 사육되어 길든(tame). [opp] wild. 국내의, 자국의. [opp] foreign. / †undermine [ʌ̀ndərmáin] vt. (명성 따위를) 음험한 수단으로 훼손하다 / ‡virtue [və́ːrtʃuː] n. ① U 미덕, 덕, 덕행, 선행. [opp.] vice. ② C (어떤 특수한) 덕, 미점, 미덕. /
In a free republic the ideal citizen must be one willing and able to take arms for the defense of the flag, exactly as the ideal citizen must be the father of many healthy children.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] ①In a free republic(자유 공화국에서) ②the ideal citizen must be one willing and able to take arms for the defense of the flag(이상적인 시민은 자국의 국기를 방어하기 위해 무기를 기꺼이 들거나 들 수 있는 사람이어야만 한다), ③exactly as the ideal citizen must be the father of many healthy children(그 이상적 시민이 많은 건강한 아이들의 아버지임에 틀림없는 것과 같은 이치이다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] [부사구] In a free republic [주어] the ideal citizen ~ one (who is) willing[기꺼이 ~ 하다] and able[할 수 있다] to take arms[무기를 들다] / exactly as[접속사, 틀림없이 ~인 것과 같다]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡willing [wíliŋ] a. 「서술적」 기꺼이 ┅하는(to do). / ‡arm [ɑːrm] n. ① (보통 pl.) 무기, 병기. / ‡defense [diféns, dː́fens] n. U,C 방어
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] willing a. acquiescent[æ̀kwiésənt], amenable [əmíːnəbəl], deliberate[dilíbərit] ant. reluctant[rilʌ́ktənt] involuntary[invɑ́ləntèri]
A race must be strong and vigorous; it must be a race of good fighters and good breeders, else its wisdom will come to naught and its virtue be ineffective; and no sweetness and delicacy, no love for and appreciation of beauty in art or literature, no capacity for building up material prosperity can possibly atone for the lack of the great virile virtues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] A race must be strong and vigorous(국민은 강하고 강건해야만 합니다); it must be a race of good fighters and good breeders(국민은 훌륭한 전사나 훌륭한 양육자가 되어야만 합니다), else its wisdom will come to naught and its virtue be ineffective(그렇지 않으면 국민의 지혜는 무가치하게 되고 그 미덕은 비효율적이 될 것입니다); and no sweetness and delicacy(어떠한 달콤함과 정교함), no love for and appreciation of beauty in art or literature(어떤 예술과 문학에서의 미의 사랑과 인식), no capacity for building up material prosperity(물질적 번영을 건설할 어떠한 능력은) can possibly atone for the lack of the great virile virtues(아주 강인한 덕망의 부족으로 인해 채워지지 못할 가능성이 있습니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] good fighters[국가를 위한 전사] good breeders[가정을 위한 부모 역활]을 말함 / (or) else[그렇지 않으면] / come to[~가 되다, become의 뜻] / its virtue (will) be ineffective / no[형용사로 전체 부정, 어떤 ~도 아닌]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ⁂race [reis]n. ① 인종, 종족; (the ∼) 인류(human ∼). ★ 민족학적으로는 ethnic group [stock]이라는 과학적 명칭을 사용함. ② (문화상의 구별로) 민족, 국민. [SYN.] ⇨ NATION. / ‡vigorous [vígərəs] a. ① 정력 왕성한, 원기 왕성한, 활발한, 박력 있는, 강건한. [SYN.] ⇨ STRONG. ② 강력한; 강경한, 단호한. / †breeder [bríːdəːr] n. ① 종축(種畜), 번식하는 동물[식물]. ② 양육[사육]자; 품종 개량가, 육종가; 발기인, 장본인. ③ (불만 따위의) 씨, 원인. / ‡naught, nought [nɔːt, nɑːt] a. 파멸한, 망한; (고어) 무가치한, 무용의; 사악한. / ineffective [ìniféktiv] a. 무효의, 효과 없는(ineffectual); 쓸모 없는, 무력한, 무능한; (예술품이) 감명을 주지 않는. / †delicacy [délikəsi] n. U ① 섬세(함), 정치(精緻), (기계 따위의) 정교함; (취급의) 정밀함. ② 우미, 우아함. / ‡appreciation [əprìːʃiéiʃən] n. U ① (올바른) 평가, 판단, 이해; 진가의 인정. ② 감상, 음미; 비평. / ‡literature [lítərətʃər, -tʃùər ] n. U ① 문학, 문예. ② 문학 연구; 작가 생활, 저술. / ‡capacity [kəpǽsəti] n. U,C ① 수용량; (최대) 수용능력. ② 용적, 용량; 〖물리〗 열[전기] 용량; 〖컴퓨터〗 용량. ③ 능력, 재능. / ⁂material [mətí-əriəl]a. ① 물질의, 물질에 관한(physical); 구체적인, 유형의. ② 육체상의[적인](corporeal); 감각적인, 관능적인. [opp.] spiritual. ③ 세속적인, 비속한. / ‡prosperity [prɑspérəti / prɔs-] n. ① U 번영, 번창, 융성; 성공; 행운, 부유. [opp.] adversity. ② (pl.) 번영의 상태, 부유한 처지. / †atone [ətóun] v. ―vi. ① 속죄[보상]하다(for). ② (실책 등의) 벌충을 하다(for). / virile [vírəl, vírail] a. 힘찬, 남성다운 / ‡virtue [və́ːrtʃuː] n. ① U 미덕, 덕, 덕행, 선행. [opp.] vice ⇨ CARDINAL VIRTUES. ② C (어떤 특수한) 덕, 미점, 미덕. /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] vigorous a. dynamic [dainǽmik], energetic[ènərdʒéti, exuberant[igzúːbərənt], spirited[spíritid] , vital[váitl, hardy[hɑ́ːrdi], powerful[páuərfəl], robust[roubʌ́st, róubʌs], strong[strɔ(ː)ŋ, strɑŋ] ant. passive[pǽsiv] a. ① 수동의, 활동적이 아닌, 활기가 없는; 반응이 없는.; frail [freil] a. ① 무른, 부서지기 쉬운; (체질이) 약한. [SYN.] ⇨ WEAK. ② 덧없는. /
delicacy n. dainty[déinti], luxury[lʌ́kʃəri], tidbit[tídbìt], elegance[éligəns], exquisiteness[ikskwízit, ékskwi-], fineness [fáinnis], discrimination[diskrìmənéiʃən], sensitivity[sènsətívəti], ant. coarseness[kɔːrsnis]] , insensibility[insènsəbíləti] resilience[rizíljəns, -liəns]
But this is aside from my subject, for what I wish to talk of is the attitude of the American citizen in civic life. It ought to be axiomatic in this country that every man must devote a reasonable share of his time to doing his duty in the Political life of the community.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] But this is aside from my subject(그러나 이것은 제 주제와는 별개입니다), for what I wish to talk of is the attitude of the American citizen in civic life(왜냐하면 제가 말씀 드리고 싶은 것은 시만 생활에서 미 국민의 마음가짐에 관한 것이기 때문입니다). It ought to be axiomatic in this country that every man must devote a reasonable share of his time to doing his duty in the Political life of the community(모든 국민들이 합리적으로 배분된 시간을 공동체의 정치적 삶에서 자신의 의무를 다하는 것에 헌신해야만 하는 것은 이 국가에서 반드시 필요한 자명한 사실입니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] this[앞에서 언급한 국민의 강인한 정신] / for[접속사 because의 뜻으로 계속적인 용법, 왜냐하면 ~이기 때문이다] / what I wish to talk of[전치사 of의 목적어는 what으로 주어[명사절]이다] / It[가주어] ought to[should, 권고, 훈계, 유감] / that[진주어] every man ~ / devote A[a reasonable share of his time] B[to, 전치사] doing ~ : A를 B에 헌신하다. /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ♣aside from 【미국】 ┅은 차치하고; ┅을 제외하고 / ‡attitude [ǽtitjùːd] n. ① (사람·물건 등에 대한) 태도, 마음가짐. ② 자세(posture), 몸가짐, 거동. / axiomatic, ─ical [æ̀ksiəmǽtik], [-əl] a. 자명한 /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] attitude n. opinion[əpínjən] n. C 의견 / outlook [áutlùk] n. 사고방식, 견해. / perspective [pəːrspéktiv] n.전망; 시각, 견지 / stance [stæns] (육체적, 정신적인) 자세 / viewpoint [vjúːpɔ̀int] n. 견해, 견지, 관점(point of view) / bearing [bɛ́əriŋ] n. U,C 태도(manner), 거동, 행동거지 / demeanor[dimíːnər] n. U 태도; 품행, 행실 / manner [mǽnəːr] n. ① 방법, 방식, 투. [SYN.] ⇨ METHOD. ② 태도, 거동, 모양; 훌륭한 태도. ③ (pl.) 예절, 예의, 법식에 맞는 예법. / posture [pɑ́stʃər / pɔ́s-] n. ① U 자세, 자태. ② 젠체하는 태도. ③ (정신적) 태도, 마음가짐.
No man has a right to shirk his political duties under whatever plea of pleasure or business; and while such shirking may be pardoned in those of small cleans it is entirely unpardonable in those among whom it is most common – in the people whose circumstances give them freedom in the struggle for life.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] No man has a right to shirk his political duties under whatever plea of pleasure or business(아무도 쾌락과 사업 핑계가 무엇이든 자신의 정치적 의무를 회피할 권리는 갖고 있지 않습니다); and while such shirking may be pardoned in those of small cleans(그리고 그러한 회피가 약간의 청소[핑계]을 대는 사람에게 용서가 될지 모르나) it is entirely unpardonable in those among whom it is most common – in the people whose circumstances give them freedom in the struggle for life(대게 그들의 상황이 힘든 생계에서 그들에게 자유를 받은 사람들에 속하는 사람들에겐 전혀 용서되지 않는 것입니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] No man[Nobody 아무도 ~할 수 없는] a right to shirk[부사의 형용사적 용법, ~회피할 권리] under[~하에서] whatever[복합관계대명사, 무엇이든지] plea ~ (is가 생략됨). / while[접속사, ~반면에] such shirking[그러한 회피] may[가능성의 조동사, ~일지 모른다] be pardoned[수동태로, 용서받다] in those of small cleans[약간의 핑계를 대는 사람에게] / those among whom it is most common[일반적인 사람들] - in the people ~[자유가 허락된 사람들]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ⁂pleasure [pléʒər] n. ① U 기쁨, 즐거움(enjoyment); 쾌감, 만족(satisfaction). ② 즐거운 일, 유쾌한 일. ③ 오락, 위안, 즐거움. / †plea [pliː] n. ① 탄원, 청원(entreaty); 기원. ② 변명(excuse); 구실, 핑계(pretext). / shirk [ʃəːrk] v. ―vt. 『∼+목/ +-ing』 (책임 등을) 회피하다; 기피하다. / ‡pardon [pɑ́ːrdn] vt. ① 용서하다(forgive). ② 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 관대히 봐주다(tolerate). / ‡circumstance [sə́ːrkəmstæ̀ns / -stəns] n. ① (보통 pl.) 상황, 환경; 주위의 사정. ② (pl.) (경제적인) 처지, 생활 형편. ③ C 사건(incident), 사실(fact). ④ U 부대 상황; 상세한 내용, 제목. / struggle [strʌ́g-əl] n. ① 버둥질. ② 노력, 고투. ③ 싸움, 전투, 투쟁. [cf.] fight. / ⁂common [kɑ́mən / kɔ́m-] a. (∼er, more ∼; ∼est, most ∼) ① (둘 이상에) 공통의, 공동의, 공유(共有)의. ② 협동의, 협력의. ③ 공유(公有)의, 공공의, 공중의. ④ a) 일반의; 만인의, 일반적으로 보급되어 있는. b) 보통의, 일반적인, 평범한, 흔히 있는, 자주 일어나는. [opp.] rare. ⑤ 비속한, 품위 없는, 하치의.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] pleasure n. diversion[divə́ːrʒən, -ʃən, dai-], enjoyment[endʒɔ́imənt], entertainment[èntərtéinmənt], fun[fʌn] , fancy[fǽnsi], inclination[ìnklənéiʃən], preference[préfərəns], will[wil] , bliss[blis] , delight[diláit], elation[iléiʃən], joy[dʒɔi] , gratification[græ̀təfikéiʃən, hedonism[híːdənìzəm, satisfaction [sæ̀tisfǽkʃ-ən] ant. duty[djúːti], torment[tɔ́ːrment], abstinence[ǽbstənəns], [-si] n. ① U 절제, 금욕, 금주(from).
pardon v. absolve[æbzɑ́lv], excuse[ikskjúːz], forgive[fəːrgív] , acquit[əkwít], clear[kliər], exonerate [igzɑ́nərè]
n. absolution[æ̀bsəlúːʃən], grace[greis], mercy[mə́ːrsi], amnesty[ǽmnəsti], clemency[klémənsi], leniency [líːniənci]
ant. blame[bleim], punish[pʌ́niʃ], revenge[rivéndʒ] punishment[pʌ́niʃmənt]
circumstance n. case[keis], condition[kəndíʃən], estate[istéit], situation[sìtʃuéiʃ-ən], state[steit], event[ivént], happening[hǽpəniŋ], incident[ínsədənt], occurrence[əkə́ːrəns, əkʌ́r-], ceremony[sérəmòuni / -məni], formality[fɔːrmǽləti], pageantry[pǽdʒəntri], pomp[pɑmp / pɔmp]
In so far as the community grows to think rightly, it will likewise grow to regard the young man of means who shirks his duty to the State in time of peace as being only one degree worse than the man who thus shirks it in time of war.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] In so far as the community grows to think rightly(사회가 올바르게 생각하는 한), it will likewise grow ⑥to regard ②the young man of means who shirks his duty to the State ①in time of peace as being only one degree worse than ④the man who thus shirks it ③in time of war(평화 시 자신의 의무를 국가에게 대신 돌리려는 교묘한 젊은이들은 전쟁 시 자신의 의무를 피하는 자 보다 약간 더 나쁜 사람으로 똑같이 간주될 것이다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] In so far as[접속사, ~하는 한, as long as] grows[become~가 되다], it[가주어] ~ to regard[진주어] A[the young~] B[as ~ war] : A를 B로 간주하다. / only one degree worse than[비교급, 단지 1도 나쁜, 거의 같은]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡likewise [láikwàiz] ad. ① 똑같이, 마찬가지로. ② 또한, 게다가 또(moreover, also, too). / ⁂regard [rigɑ́ːrd] v. 『+목+as보』 ┅을 (―로) 생각하다[여기다] (as). / shirk [ʃəːrk] v. ―vt. 『∼+목/ +-ing』 (책임 등을) 회피하다; 기피하다. / ⁂degree [digríː] n. ① 정도; 등급, 단계. [SYN.] ⇨ RANK. ② 계급, 지위; 칭호, 학위. ③ (온도·각도·경위도 따위의) 도(度)(부호°); 〖수학〗 차(次); 〖음악〗 음계상의 도(度); 〖문법〗 급(級)(형용사·부사의 비교의). / ‡means [miːnz] n. pl. ① 「단·복수취급」 수단, 방법; 기관. ② 「복수취급」 자력(資力), 재산, 수입.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] regard v. consider[kənsídər], judge[dʒʌdʒ], rate[reit], think[ɵiŋk] , view[vjuː], admire[ædmáiər, əd-], esteem,[istíːm] honor[ɑ́nər / ɔ́n-], respect[rispékt], revere[rivíəːr] , contemplate[kɑ́ntəmplèit], observe[əbzə́ːrv], scan[skæn], scrutinize[skrúːt-ənàiz] ant. disregard[dìsrigɑ́ːrd], scorn,[skɔːrn], neglect[niglékt], disrespect[dìsrispékt]
shirk v. avoid[əvɔ́id], dodge[dɑdʒ / dɔdʒ] , evade[ivéid], loaf[louf], malinger[məlíŋgəːr] vi. (특히 군인 등이) 꾀병을 부리다.
means n. formula[fɔ́ːrmjələ], method[méɵəd], mode[moud], procedure[prəsíːdʒər], way[wei] , fortune[fɔ́ːrtʃ-ən], riches[rítʃiz] , wealth[welɵ] ant. end[end] poverty[pɑ́vərti / pɔ́v-
A great many of our men in business, or of our young men who are bent on enjoying life (as they have a perfect right to do if only they do not sacrifice other things to enjoyment), rather plume themselves upon being good citizens if they even vote; yet voting is the very least of their duties, Nothing worth gaining is ever gained without effort.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] ①A great many of our men in business(사업하는 많은 국민들), or of our young men who are bent on enjoying life(또는 삶을 즐기는데 열중하는 많은 우리 젊은이들) (②as they have a perfect right to do if only they do not sacrifice other things to enjoyment(만일 그들이 쾌락을 위한 나쁜 일에 빠지지 않는 경우, 그들이 즐길 완벽한 권리를 갖듯이), ④rather plume themselves upon being good citizens(훌륭한 시민이 됨을 아주 자랑스러워합니다) ③if they even vote(만일 그들이 투표까지 한다면); yet voting is the very least of their duties(그러나 투표는 그들 의무의 가장 적은 부분입니다). Nothing worth gaining is ever gained without effort(노력 없이 아무것도 얻어질 수는 없는 것이니까요).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] A great ~ in business, or (a great many) of[주어] who[주격 관계 대명사] are bent on enjoying life[삶에 열중하다] / as[접속사, ~ 같이] ~ do[=enjoy life] if only[~한 경우에만] ~ enjoyment, rather plume themselves upon[~을 자랑하다] ~ ; the very least[극히 작은 영역]. Nothing worth gaining[worth ~ing, ~할 가치가 있는]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡bend [bend] v. (p., pp. bent [bent]) ―vt. 『+목+전+명』 (눈·걸음을) 딴 데로 돌리다(to; toward(s)); (마음·노력·정력 따위를) 기울이다; 쏟다(on; to; toward). / ‡sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis]v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 희생하다, 제물로 바치다; 단념[포기]하다(for; to). / ‡plume [pluːm] vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 깃털로 장식하다; 빌려 입은 옷으로 차려입다. ♣∼ oneself 몸을 치장하다. /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] sacrifice n. oblation[ɑbléiʃən], offering[ɔ́(ː)fəriiŋ], tribute[tríbjuːt], concession[kənséʃən] renunciationrinʌ̀nsiéiʃ-ən] 포기, 체념, loss[lɔ(ː)s], reduction[ridʌ́kʃ] v. immolate[íməlèit], forego[fɔːrgóu] 선행하다, forfeit [fɔ́ːrfit] 몰수되다, relinquish[rilíŋkwiʃ], renounce[rináuns] 포기하다 ant. acquisition[æ̀kwəzíʃən], gain[gein], withhold[wiðhóuld]
You can no more have freedom without striving and suffering for it than you can win success as a banker or a lawyer without labor and effort, without self-denial in youth and the display of a ready and alert intelligence in middle age.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] You can no more have freedom without striving and suffering for it(당신은 자유를 얻기 위한 노력과 고통 없이는 자유를 얻을 수 없는 것과 같습니다) than you can win success as a banker or a lawyer without labor and effort(당신이 노동과 노력 없이 은행가나 법률가로 성공할 수 없듯이), without self-denial in youth and the display of a ready and alert intelligence in middle age(젊은 시절 자제하지 못한다면 중년의 나이에 준비되고 방심 않는 지성을 보여주지 못하는 것과 마찬가지).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] no ∼ ┅ than ┅이 아닌 것은 ┅이 아닌 것과 같다:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] self-denial [sélfdináiəl] n. U 극기; 금욕(禁慾); 무사(無私). / ⁂ready[réadi] a. (readier; -iest) ① 준비가 된(for); (언제든지 ┅할) 채비를 갖춘; 각오가 되어 있는(to do). ② 금방에라도 ┅할 것 같은(to do). ③ 즉석에서의, 당장에 응(應)하는; 재빠른; 교묘한(at). [SYN.] ⇨ QUICK. / ‡alert[ələ́ːrt] a. ① 방심 않는, 정신을 바짝 차린, 빈틈 없는(watchful). / †intelligence[intélədʒəns] n. U ① 지성, 이지; 이해력, 사고력, 지능; 지혜, 총명. ② 정보, 보도
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] alert a. attentive[əténtiv], conscious[kɑ́nʃəs], mindful[máindfəl], vigilant[vídʒələnt] , watchful[wɑ́tʃfəl] ant. oblivious[əblíviəs], lethargic[leɵɑ́ːrdʒik]혼수 상태의, 둔감한
The people who say that they have not time to attend to politics are simply saying that they are unfit to live in a free community.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법]
The people who say that they have not time to attend to politics(정치에 관심을 둘 시간이 없다고 말하는 사람들은) are simply saying that they are unfit to live in a free community(그들이 자유 공동체 사회에서 사는데 걸맞지 않다고 단순히 말하고 있는 것이 됩니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
The people who[주격 관계대명사] say that[접속사] ~ attend to[주의하다] ~ are[동사] ~ saying that[접속사] they are unfit[맞지 않는]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석]
⁂attend [əténd] v. ―vt. ① ┅에 출석하다. ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (문어) (결과로서) ┅을 수반하다. ③ ┅와 동행[동반]하다, 수행하다, ┅을 섬기다. [SYN.] ⇨ ACCOMPANY. ④ ┅을 시중들다, 왕진하다, (병자를) 간호하다; (고객을) 응대하다. ⑤ (고어) ┅에 주의하다, 소중하게 간직하다. ―vi. 『+전+명』 ① 출석하다(at). ② 시중들다, 섬기다(on, upon). ③ 보살피다, 돌보다, 간호하다(on, upon; to). ④ 주의하다, 경청하다(to).
[동의어/반의어] unfit a. unhealthy[ʌnhélɵi], incapable[inkéipəbəl], incompetent[inkɑ́mpətənt], unqualified[ʌnkwɑ́ləfàid], improper[imprɑ́pər], inappropriate[ìnəpróupriit], unsuitable[ʌnsúːtəbəl]
ant. fit[fit], competent[kɑ́mpətənt] apt[æpt]
free a. emancipated[imǽnsəpèit], liberated[líbərèit], autonomous[ɔːtɑ́nəməs], independent[ìndipéndənt], separate[sépərit], sovereign[sɑ́v-ərin], complimentary[kɑ̀mpləméntəri], gratis[gréitis]
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [01~03]
Of course, in one sense, the first essential for a man’s being a good citizen is his possession of the home virtues of which we think when we call a man by the emphatic adjective of manly. No man can be a good citizen who is not a good husband and a good father, who is not honest in his dealings with other men and women, faithful to his friends and fearless in the presence of his foes, who has not got a sound heart, a sound mind, and a sound body; exactly as no amount of attention to civil duties will save a nation , or there is lack of the rude military virtues which alone can assure a country’s position in the world. In a free republic the ideal citizen must be one willing and able to take arms for the defense of the flag, exactly as the ideal citizen must be the father of many healthy children. A race must be strong and vigorous; it must be a race of good fighters and good breeders, else its wisdom will come to naught and its virtue be ineffective; and no sweetness and delicacy, no love for and appreciation of beauty in art or literature, no capacity for building up material prosperity can possibly atone for the lack of the great virile virtues.
1. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?1)
① We all have to be ideal citizens for the sake of
material prosperity.
② As long as one has a good attitude on the nation, it
doesn't matter how much he think of his family and
friends.
③ To be a great businessman, one should learn much of
social relationship.
④ The nation always goes beyond the home.
⑤ A ideal citizen takes the first step in the domestic
affection.
2. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?2)
① if one doesn't have his family
② though the nation is weak
③ if the domestic life is undermined
④ as if a ideal citizen has a great amount of experiences
⑤ if the social environment doesn't match with that of
the world
3. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?3)
① 훌륭한 시민의 첫 필수조건은 가정에 대한 덕망을 소유
하고 있느냐고 판단될 수 있다.
② 훌륭한 남편이자 아버지만이 이상적이 시민의 자격이 될
수 있다.
③ 위기 시에 국가보다 가족을 먼저 보살펴야만 한다.
④ 국민은 훌륭한 전사나 양육자가 되어야만 한다.
⑤ 물질만 추구하는 번영은 결국엔 소멸할 수 밖에 없다.
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [4~6]
But this is aside for/aside from my subject, for what I wish to talk of is the attitude of the American citizen in civic life. It ought to be axiomatic in this country that every man must devote a reasonable share of his time doing/to doing his duty in the Political life of the community. No man has a right to shirk his political duties under whatever/whenever plea of pleasure or business; and while such shirking may be pardoned in those of ①small cleans it is entirely unpardonable in those among whom it is most common–in the people whose circumstances give them ②freedom in the struggle for life. In so far as the community grows to think ③rightly, it will likewise grow to regard the young man of means who shirks his duty to the State in time of peace as being only one degree ④better than the man who thus shirks it in time of war. A great many of our men in business, or of our young men who are bent on ⑤enjoying life (as they have a perfect right to do if only they do not sacrifice other things to enjoyment), rather plume themselves upon being good citizens if they even vote; yet voting is the very least of their duties, Nothing worth gaining is ever gained without effort.
4. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어를 고르시오.4)
① aside for doing whatever
② aside from doing whenever
③ aside for doing whenever
④ aside from to doing whatever
⑤ aside for to doing whatever
5. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?5)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
6. 위 글과 일치하는 것은?6)
① 작가는 시민생활에서 국민의 마음가짐이 무엇 보다 중요
하다고 강조한다.
② 모든 국민은 합리적으로 할당된 시간에 자신의 업무에
충실해야만 한다.
③ 정치적 의무는 때때로 회피할 권리를 지닌다.
④ 힘든 생계에서 자유를 얻은 사람은 정치적 의무에 면제
를 받는다.
⑤ 이상적 시민의 투표권은 가장 큰 영향을 끼친다.
Their place is under a despotism; or if they are content to do nothing but vote, you can take despotism tempered by an occasional plebiscite, like that of the second Napoleon.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] Their place is under a despotism(그들의 터전은 독제권력 하에 놓여 있거나); or if they are content to do nothing but vote(만일 그들이 단지 선거에만 만족한다면), you can take despotism tempered by an occasional plebiscite, like that of the second Napoleon(당신은 제2차 나폴레옹 독제와 같이 가끔 있는 국민투표에 단련된 독제를 선택할 수 있다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] do nothing but[=only 단지] vote[투표하다] / take despotism (which is) tempered by[~의해 단련된 독재를 선택하다] / like that[=despotism]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] despotism [déspətìzəm] n. U 독재, 전제; 전제 정치; 폭정. / ‡content [kəntént] a. 「서술적」 (┅에) 만족하는, 감수하는(with); / ‡temper [témpəːr] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 부드럽게 하다, 진정시키다, 누르다, 경감하다. / plebiscite [plébəsàit, -sit] n. (국가적 중요 문제에 관한) 국민[일반] 투표(referendum).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] despotism n. despot[déspət], dictator[díkteitər], oppressor, totalitarian[toutæ̀lətɛ́-əriən, overlord[óuvərlɔ̀ːrd], slave driver, taskmaster[tǽskmæ̀stəːr] 공사감독, 혹사하는 사람 ant. slave[sleiv]
In one of Lowell’s magnificent stanzas about the Civil War he speaks of the fact which his countrymen were then learning, that freedom is not a gift that tarries long in the hands of cowards: nor yet does it tarry long in the hands of the sluggard and the idler, in the hands of the man so much absorbed in the pursuit of pleasure or in the pursuit of gain, or so much wrapped up in his own easy home life as to be unable to take his part in the rough struggle with his fellow men for political supremacy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] In one of Lowell’s magnificent stanzas about the Civil War(내란에 관한 로웰의 웅장한 서사시중 하나에서) he speaks of the fact which his countrymen were then learning(그 당시 자신의 국민들이 알고 있었던 사실은), that freedom is not a gift that tarries long in the hands of cowards(자유란 겁쟁이들의 권력 안에서 오랫동안 기다리는 선물이 아니라는 사실입니다): nor yet does it tarry long in the hands of the sluggard and the idler(또한 자유란 나태자나 게으름뱅이의 권력 하에서 ~ 오래 기다리지 않는 것입니다), in the hands of the man so much absorbed in the pursuit of pleasure or in the pursuit of gain(쾌락과 이익을 추구하는데 너무나 열중하는 사람의 권력 하에서), or so much wrapped up in his own easy home life as to be unable to take his part in the rough struggle with his fellow men for political supremacy(정치적 패권을 위해 동료들과 힘든 투쟁에 참여할 수 없어서 자신의 쉬운 가정생활에 너무 몰두하는 사람의 권력 하에서는).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] one of 복수명사[~중에 하나] / the fact which[관계대명사] ~ that[접속사, the fact와 동격 ~라는 사실] ~ in the hands[권력 하에서] ~; nor yet[또한 그러나] does[nor로 인해 도치된 문장] ~ the man (who is) so much absorbed in[~에 너무 몰두하는 사람] ~, or (the man who is) so much wrapped up[~에 침묵하는 사람] ~ as to[~하기 위해서] ~ take his part in[~에 참여하다]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡magnificent [mægnífəsənt] a. ① 장대한(grand), 장엄한, 장려한. ② 당당한, 훌륭한, (생각 따위가) 고상한, 격조 높은. ③ 엄청난, 막대한. / †stanza [stǽnzə]n. 운율〗 (시의) 연(聯) / tarry [tǽri] v. ―vi. ① 체재하다, 묵다(at; in; on). ② 시간이 걸리다, 늦어지다; 주저하다. ③ 기다리다(for). ―vt. ┅을 기다리다. / ‡coward [káuərd] n. 겁쟁이; 비겁한 자; / sluggard [slʌ́gəːrd] n. 게으름쟁이, 빈둥거리는 사람, 나태자(懶怠者). / idler [áidlər] n. 게으름뱅이; / †supremacy [səpréməsi, su(ː)-] n.패권; 우위, 우월.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] supremacy n. ascendancy[əséndənsi], dominance[dɑ́mənəns], preeminence[priémənəns], superiority[supìəriɔ́(ː)rəti]
If freedom is worth having, if the right of self-government is a valuable right, then the one and the other must be retained exactly as our forefathers acquired them, by labor, and especially by labor in organization, that is in combination with our fellows who have the same interests and the same principles.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] If freedom is worth having(만일 자유가 쟁취할 가치가 있다면), if the right of self-government is a valuable right(자치정부의 권리가 귀중한 권리라면), then the one and the other(그때 전자와 후자는) must be retained exactly as our forefathers acquired them(~ 우리의 조상들이 그것들을 얻었던 방식대로 보존되어야만 합니다), by labor, and especially by labor in organization, that is in combination with our fellows who have the same interests and the same principles(같은 이익과 원칙을 갖는 동료들과 결합되어 있는 조직체서 특히 노력에 의해).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] worth ~ing[~할 가치가 있는] / the one[전자, 자유] and the other[후자, 자치정부의 권리] / ~ exactly as[접속사, ~와 같이] ~ them[=freedom, right of self-government] ~ that[관계대명사]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ⁂valuable [vǽljuːəbəl, -ljəbəl] a. ① 귀중한, 귀한, 소중한. ② 값비싼. / ‡retain [ritéin]vt. 보류하다, 보유[유지]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ KEEP. / ‡forefather [fɔ́ːrfɑ̀ːðəːr] n. (보통 pl.) 조상, 선조(ancestor). / ‡acquire [əkwáiər] vt. ① 손에 넣다, 획득하다; (버릇·기호·학력 따위를) 몸에 익히다, 습득하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GET. ② (재산·권리 등을) 취득하다. /
We should not accept the excuse of the business man who attributed his failure to the fact that his social duties were so pleasant and engrossing that he had no time left for work in his office; nor would we pay much heed to his further statement that he did not like business anyhow because he thought the morals of the business community by no means what they should be, and saw that the great successes were most often won by men of the Jay Gould stamp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] We should not accept the excuse of the business man(우리는 ~ 장사꾼의 변명을 받아들여서는 안 됩니다) who attributed his failure to the fact that his social duties were so pleasant and engrossing that he had no time left for work in his office(자신의 실패는 그의 사회적 의무가 너무나 호감이 가고 매력적이어서 자신의 업무를 할 시간이 없었다는 사실을 탓으로 돌리는); nor would we pay much heed to his further statement that he did not like business anyhow(또는 그는 어쨌든 장사를 싫어했어라는 말에 우리가 주의를 기울이지 않고 했다는 사실에) because he thought the morals of the business community by no means what they should be(그는 장사의 도덕성은 결코 존재하지 않을 거라고 생각했고), and saw that the great successes were most often won by men of the Jay Gould stamp(큰 성공은 Jay Gould stamp 직원들만의 몫이라 보는 것 때문에).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] attribute A to B : A를 B의 탓으로 돌리다. ~ the fact that[동격절, ~라는 사실] / so A[pleasant and engrossing] that 절[너무 ~해서 ... 하다] / nor would[도치문 = or we would not] we pay much heed to[더 주의를 기울이다] his further statement that he did not like business anyhow[그는 어쨌든 장사를 싫어했어라는 이후의 말] / because he though A[the morals ~ community] by no means[=never] B[what they should be, they=morals, 도덕성이 있어야만 하는] : A를 B로 생각하다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ⁂pleasant [pléznt] a. (more ∼, ∼er; most ∼, ∼est)(중심적인 뜻: 유쾌한 기분이 되게 하는). ① (사물이) 즐거운, 기분 좋은, 유쾌한. ② (날씨가) 좋은. ③ 호감이 가는, 상냥한; 쾌활한. / engrossing [engróusiŋ] a. 마음을 빼앗는, 몰두시키는. / ‡heed [hiːd] n. U 주의(attention), 유의(regard); 배려, 조심. / statement [stéitmənt] n. 명세서; (사업) 보고(서). / ‡anyhow [énihàu] ad. ① 아무리 해도. ② 어떤 식[방법]으로든, 어떻게든; 여하튼, 좌우간, 어쨌든. ③ 적당히 얼버무려, 아무렇게나. / ‡moral [mɔ́(ː)r-əl, mɑ́r-]a. ① 도덕(상)의, 윤리(상)의, 도덕[윤리]에 관한. ② 덕육적인, 훈계[교육]적인. /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] engrossing a. absorbing[æbsɔ́ːrbiŋ], captivating[kǽptəvèitiŋ], engaging[engéidʒiŋ], fascinating[fǽsənèitiŋ], interesting[íntəristiŋ], obsessive [əbsésiv] ant. boring
It is just the same way with politics. It makes one feel half angry and half amused, and wholly contemptuous, to find men of high business or social standing in the community saying that they really have not got time to go to ward meetings, to organize political clubs, and to take a personal share in all the important details of practical politics; men who further urge against their going the fact that they think the condition of political morality low, and are afraid that they may be required to do what is not right if they go into politics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] It is just the same way with politics(그것은 정치와 아주 흡사합니다). It makes one feel half angry and half amused, and wholly contemptuous(그것은 사람을 어느 정도 분노하게 하거나 기쁘게도 만들며 아주 모욕감을 갖게도 합니다), to find men of high business or social standing in the community saying(~ 말하는 높은 직위의 기업가나 사회적 덕망이 높은 사람들을 찾기 위해서) that they really have not got time to go to ward meetings, to organize political clubs, and to take a personal share in all the important details of practical politics(그들은 감독회의에 가거나 정치클럽을 조직하거나 실질적 정치의 모든 중요한 세부사항에서 개인적 이득을 챙길 시간이 정말로 없다고); men who further urge against their going the fact that they think the condition of political morality low(그들은 정치적 도덕성의 상황이 낮다고 생각하는 사실과), and are afraid that they may be required to do what is not right if they go into politics(만일 그들이 정치에 입문한다면 옳지 않은 것을 요구받을지 모른다고 염려하는 사실에 대해 역설하는 사람들).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] the same as[with] ~와 같은 / makes[사역동사] one[목적어] feel[원형동사] half[부사] angry[형용사, 목적격보어] / to find men (of high business[of+명사=형용사구] or (of) social standing[of+명사=형용사구]) ~ saying[의 주어는 men] / (to find) men who further urge against[~대해 역설[반대]하다] their going the fact[그들이 ~라는 사실로 들어가는 것] that they think A[the condition ~] B[low] : A를 B라고 생각하다 / †morality [mɔ(ː)rǽləti, mɑr-] n. ① U 도덕(성), 도의(성); U (개인 또는 특정 사회의) 덕성, 윤리성. ② 선악, 정사(正邪). ③ U 품행, 행실; (남녀간의) 풍기.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ⁂half [hæf, hɑːf] ad. ① 절반, 반쯤. ② 불완전하게, 어중간하게, 적당히, 되는 대로. ③ 얼마쯤, 어느 정도; 거의, 몹시. / †contemptuous [kəntémptʃuəs] a. 모욕적인, 남을 얕보는, (┅을) 경멸하는(of). [SYN.] ⇨ CONTEMPTIBLE. / ‡ward [wɔːrd] n. ① U 보호; 감독, 감시; 억류, 연금. ② 「집합적」 보호[감독]자들. / ⁂low [lou] a. ① 낮은(키·고도·온도·위도·평가 따위). [opp.] high. ② (신분·태생이) 낮은(humble), 비천한, 하층의. ③ 저급의, 상스러운; 추잡[외설]한. / ‡urge [əːrdʒ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+부』 좨치다, 재촉하다, 노력하게 하다. ―vi. ① 주장[요구, 반대 의견 등]을 역설하다. / †morality [mɔ(ː)rǽləti, mɑr-] n. ① U 도덕(성), 도의(성); U (개인 또는 특정 사회의) 덕성, 윤리성. ② 선악, 정사(正邪).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] contemptuous a. arrogant[ǽrəgənt], condescending[kɑ̀ndiséndiŋ] 생색내는̀, disdainful[disdéinfəl], haughty[hɔ́ːti], scornful[skɔ́ːrnfəl] ant. gracious[gréiʃəs] 호의적인, 정중한, accommodating[əkɑ́mədèitiŋ], amiable[éimiəbəl]
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [7~9]
ⒶYou can no more have freedom without striving and suffering for it than you can win success as a banker or a lawyer without labor and effort, without self-denial in youth and the display of a ready and ①alert intelligence in middle age. The people who say that they have not time to attend to politics are simply saying that they are ②fit to live in a free community. Their place is under a despotism; or if they are ③content to do nothing but vote, you can take despotism tempered by an occasional plebiscite, like that of the second Napoleon. In one of Lowell’s magnificent stanzas about the Civil War he speaks of the fact which his countrymen were then learning, that Ⓑfreedom is not a gift that tarries long in the hands of cowards: nor yet does it tarry long in the hands of the sluggard and the idler, in the hands of the man so much ④absorbed in the pursuit of pleasure or in the pursuit of gain, or so much wrapped up in his own ⑤easy home life as to be unable to take his part in the rough struggle with his fellow men for political supremacy.
7. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ의 의미와 같은 것은?7)
① Freedom needs more effort and labor than success as
a banker.
② Not only does freedom need effort, but also suffering.
③ Both freedom and success are required with striving
and effort.
④ There are some different gap between freedom and
success.
⑤ Freedom and success are that we should attain to.
8. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어 쓰임이 어색한 것은?8)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
9. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ를 방해하는 것이 아닌 것은?9)
① cowards
② sluggard
③ the man in the pursuit of pleasure
④ the man in his own easy home life
⑤ the man to take his part in the rough struggle
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [10~13]
If freedom is worth having, if the right of self-government is a valuable right, then Ⓐthe one and the other must be retained exactly as our forefathers acquired them, by labor, and especially by labor in organization, that is in combination with our fellows who have the same interests and the same principles.
We should not accept the excuse of the business man who attributed his failure for/to the fact that his social duties were so pleasant and engrossing that he had no time left for work in his office; nor/or would we pay much heed to his further statement that he did not like business anyhow because he thought the morals of the business community by no means what they should be, and saw that the great successes were most often won by men of the Jay Gould stamp. It is just the same way with politics. It makes one feel half angry and half amused, and wholly contemptuous, to find men of high business or social standing in the community saying that they really have not got time to go to ward meetings, to organize political clubs, and to take a personal share in all the important details of practical politics; men who further urge against their going the fact that they think the condition of political morality high/low, and are afraid that they may be required to do what is not right if they go into politics.
10. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?10)
① The success of business should be based on politics.
② We should be careful of people saying some excuses.
③ Business and politics are the same.
④ To be successful in politics we should start in politics
first.
⑤ Politics is so attractive we had better go into politics.
11. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ의 ‘the one'과 ’the other'가 가리키는 것은?11)
① one person and the other person
② we and our forefathers
③ freedom and forefathers
④ freedom and the right of self-government
⑤ organization and combination
12. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어?12)
① for nor high
② to nor low
③ for nor low
④ to or high
⑤ for or low
13. 위 글의 분위기는?13)
① It's in the mood of understanding readers with many
examples.
② It's very difficult for us to understand the article.
③ The author is blaming for business and politics.
④ The mood is exciting and encouraging.
⑤ Its atmosphere is complicated but relaxing.
The first duty of an American citizen, then, is that he shall work in politics; his second duty is that he shall do that work in a practical manner; and his third is that it shall be done in accord with the highest principles of honor and justice.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] The first duty of an American citizen, then, is that he shall work in politics(미국 시민의 첫째 의무는 그렇다면 시민이 정치에 참여하게 하는 것입니다); his second duty is that he shall do that work in a practical manner(그의 두 번째 임무는 실리적인 방식에서 정치에 참여하는 것입니다); and his third is that it shall be done in accord with the highest principles of honor and justice(그리고 그의 세 번째 임무는 정치가 명예와 정의의 가장 고결한 원칙에 따라 행해져야하는 것입니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] shall[말하는 사람의 의지] ~하게 하는 것이다 / do = work / his third (duty) is that[접속사, 보어로서 명사절] it[=politics] shall be done[be worked] in accord with[~에 일치하여, 따라]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡practical [prǽktikəl] a. ① 실제의, 실제상의; 실리상의. [cf.] speculative, theoretical. 경험이 풍부한, 경험 있는. / ‡principle [prínsəpəl] n. ① 원리, 원칙, (물리·자연의) 법칙. [SYN.] ⇨ THEORY. ② 행동 원리, 정의; (pl.) 도의, 절조. / ⁂honor, 【영국】 -our [ɑ́nər / ɔ́n-] n. 명예, 영예; 영광.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] principle n. law[lɔː], regulation[règjəléiʃ-ən] rule[ruːl], axiom[ǽksiəm] 자명한 이치, 격언, postulate[pɑ́stʃəlèit], preceptpríːsept] 교훈, 겨언, 법칙, belief[bilíːf], creed[kriːd] 신조, tenet[ténət, tíː-], ethics[éɵiks] 윤리, integrity[intégrəti], morality[mɔ(ː)rǽləti], reason [ríːz-ən], standards[stǽndəːrds], grounds[graunds], motive[móutiv], rationale [ræ̀ʃənǽl] 근본적 이유, ant. immorality
Of course, it is not possible to define rigidly just the way in which the work shall be made practical. Each man’s individual temper and convictions must be taken into account. To a certain extent his work must be done in accordance with his individual beliefs and theories of right and wrong.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] Of course(물론), it is not possible to define rigidly just the way in which the work shall be made practical(그 일이(정치가) 실용적이 되게 하려는 방식을 아주 정확히 정의하는 것을 불가능합니다). Each man’s individual temper and convictions must be taken into account(각 개인의 성격과 양심이 고려되어져야만 합니다). To a certain extent(어느 정도까지) his work must be done in accordance with his individual beliefs and theories of right and wrong(그의 정치활동은 개인적 신념과 옳고 그릇된 이론에 부응하여 행해져야만 합니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] it[가주어] is not possible[형용사] (for us)[의미상의 주어] to define[진주어] ~ / take A into account[=consideration] : A를 고려하다 /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] †rigid [rídʒid] a. ① 굳은, 단단한, 휘어지지 않는. [opp.] pliable, soft. / ‡temper [témpəːr] n. ① a) 기질, 천성, 성질. [cf.] disposition. / ‡conviction [kənvíkʃən] n. ① U,C 신념, 확신. [SYN.] ⇨ CONFIDENCE. ② 양심의 가책. / †accordance [əkɔ́ːrdəns] n. U 일치, 조화; 부합; 수여. / ‡theory [ɵíːəri]n. ① 학설, 설(說), 논(論), (학문상의) 법칙.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] rigid a. fixed [fikst], hard[hɑːrd], stiff[stif], tense[tens], adamant[ǽdəmənt], unyielding[ʌnjíːldiŋ], obdurate[ɑ́bdjurit], uncompromising[ʌnkɑ́mprəmàiziziŋ], austere[ɔːstíər], harsh[hɑːrʃ], severe[sivíəːr], stern[stəːrn], strict[strikt] ant. supple[sʌ́pəl], flexible[fléksəbəl], lenient[líːniənt]
To a yet greater extent it must be done in combination with others, he yielding or modifying certain of his own theories and beliefs so as to enable him to stand on a common ground with his fellows, who have likewise yielded or modified certain of their theories and beliefs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] To a yet greater extent(이제 더 큰 범위로 볼 때) it must be done in combination with others(그것은 다른 사람들과 연계하여 행해져야만 합니다), he yielding or modifying certain of his own theories and beliefs(그는 어떠한 자신만의 이론과 신념을 제시하고 수정할 것입니다) so as to enable him to stand on a common ground with his fellows(자신이 ~ 동료들과 함께 공통의 토대 위에 설 수 있도록 하기 위해서), who have likewise yielded or modified certain of their theories and beliefs(어떠한 그들의 이론과 신념도 마찬가지로 제시되어 수정된).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] To a yet greater extent[이제 ~ 라는 더 큰 범위에서] it ~ / [분사구문] (as he is) he yielding or modifying ~ so as to[~하기 위해서]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡combination [kɑ̀mbənéiʃən / kɔ̀m-] n. U,C ① 결합, 짝맞추기; 연합, 공동(동작); (색 등의) 배합. / ‡extent [ikstént] n. ① U 넓이, 크기, 길이. ② 광활한 지역. ③ C 정도; 범위, 한계, 한도. / ‡likewise [láikwàiz] ad. ① 똑같이, 마찬가지로. ② 또한, 게다가 또(moreover, also, too). / ‡yield [jiːld] v. ―vi. ① 생기게 하다, 산출(産出)하다(produce); (이익 따위를) 가져오다. [SYN.] ⇨ CROP. / ‡modify [mɑ́dəfài / mɔ́d-]v. ―vt. ① 수정[변경]하다. ② 완화하다, 조절[제한]하다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] common a. collective[kəléktiv], communal[kəmjúːnl], public[pʌ́blik], customary[kʌ́stəmèri], familiar[fəmíljər], frequent[fríːkwənt], routine[ruːtíːn], average[ǽvəridʒ], conventional[kənvénʃənəl]
There is no need of dogmatizing about independence on the one hand or party allegiance on the other. There are occasions when it may be the highest duty of any man to act outside of parties and against the one with which he has himself been hitherto identified; and there may be many more occasions when his highest duty is to sacrifice some of his own cherished opinions for the sake of the success of the party which he on the whole believes to be right.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] There is no need of dogmatizing about independence on the one hand or party allegiance on the other(한편으로 무소속이거나 다른 한편으로 정당에 충실하다고 단정 지을 필요는 없습니다). ④There are occasions(~인 경우도 있습니다) ③when it may be the highest duty(~ 가장 숭고한 의무가 될 수도 있는 때) ①of any man to act outside of parties(누군가가 정당에 소속되지 않고 활동하는 것과) ②and against the one with which he has himself been hitherto identified(그가 지금껏 소속되었던 정당에 반대하여 활동하는 것이); and there may be many more occasions(많은 ~ 도 있을 수 있습니다) when his highest duty is to sacrifice some of his own cherished opinions for the sake of the success of the party which he on the whole believes to be right(그의 숭고한 의무가 어떤 자기 자신의 소중한 의견이 그가 전반적으로 옳다고 믿는 정당의 성공에 희생을 당하는 경우).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] on the other (hand)[다른 한편으로] / There are occasions[~인 경우(기회)도 있다] / when it[가주어] may ~ of any man[의미상의 주어] to act[진주어] ~ and (any man to act) against the one[=party] / ~ been hitherto identified (with the one 정당과 동일시하다)[which 관계대명사의 선행사는 the one] / sacrifice A[희생시키다] for the sake of[~을 위하여] the success of the party which[관계대명사] he on the whole[전반적으로] believes[의 목적어는 the success of the party]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] dogmatize [dɔ́(ː)gmətàiz, dɑ́g-] vi.,vt. 독단적으로 단정하다[말하다] / †allegiance [əlíːdʒəns] n. U,C 충실 / ‡occasion [əkéiʒən] n. ① (특정한) 경우, 때(on), 기회 / ‡hitherto [hìðərtúː] ad. 지금까지(는), / ‡identify [aidéntəfài] v. ―vt. (┅와) 동일시하다 / ‡sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis]v. ―vt. 희생하다, 제물로 바치다; 단념[포기]하다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] allegiance n. devotion[divóuʃən], faithfulness[féiɵfəlnis], fealty [fíːəlti], fidelity[fidéləti], ant. treachery[trétʃ-əri] 배반
I do not think that the average citizen, at least in one of our great cities, can very well manage to support his own party all the time on every issue, local and otherwise; at any rate if he can do so he has been more fortunately placed than I have been.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] I do not think that the average citizen, at least in one of our great cities(적어도 큰 대도시에 사는 일반 시민이), can very well manage to support his own party all the time on every issue, local and otherwise(지역적이거나 다른 모든 문제에 늘 자신의 정당을 전적으로 지지한다고 저는 생각지 않습니다) ; at any rate if he can do so he has been more fortunately placed than I have been(아무튼 만일 그가 그렇게 할 수 있다면 그는 제 상황보다 더 좋은 상황에 있는 것입니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] manage to[가까스로 ~하다] ~ on every issue, (which is) local and otherwise[some other issues]; if[조건절, 만일 ~라면] he can do so[=support ~ otherwise] ~ placed[현재의 상황] that I have been (placed) /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡average [ǽvəridʒ] a. 평균의; 보통의. / ‡otherwise [ʌ́ðərwàiz] a. ① 「서술용법」 딴 것의, 다른. ② 「한정용법」 만약 그렇지 않다면 ┅인[일지도 모르는]. / ⁂place [pleis] v. ―vt. 직위에 앉히다; 임명하다; /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] average a. mediocre[mìːdióukəːr], passable[pǽsəbəl] ant. unusual[ʌnjúːʒuəl], exception[iksépʃən] extreme[ikstríːm]
On the other hand, I am fully convinced that to do the best work people must be organized; and of course an organization is really a party, whether it be a great organization covering the whole nation and numbering its millions of adherents, or an association of citizens in a particular locality, banded together to win a certain specific victory, as, for instance, that of municipal reform.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] On the other hand(다른 한편으로), I am fully convinced(저는 ~가 완전히 이해가 갑니다) that to do the best work(최고의 일을 하기 위해서) people must be organized(사람들은 체계적이어야만 합니다); and of course an organization is really a party(물론 조직이 진정한 정당입니다), whether it be a great organization covering the whole nation and numbering its millions of adherents(그것이 전국적이고 수백만 지지자들로 구성된 조직이든), or an association of citizens in a particular locality, banded together to win a certain specific victory(어떤 특정한 승리를 쟁취하기 위해 함께 결속된 특정 지역에 근거한 시민협회든 간에), as, for instance, that of municipal reform(예를 들어, 도시개혁 조직과 같은).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] to do[to부정사의 목적, ~하기 위해서] ~, whether[접속사] it (should) be a great organization (which is) covering ~ and (which is) numbering ~ in a particular locality, (who are) banded together
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] †adherent [ædhíərənt] n. 지지자, 신봉자 / ⁂number [nʌ́mbəːr] v. ―vt. 구성원으로[요소로] 간주하다(among; in; with). / ‡municipal [mjuːnísəp-əl]a. 시(市)의, 도시의, 자치 도시의, 시정(市政)
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [7~21]
The first duty of an American citizen, then, is that he shall work in politics; his second duty is that he shall do that work in a practical manner; and his third is that it shall be done ①in accord with the highest principles of honor and justice. Of course, it is not possible to define rigidly just the way in which the work shall be made practical. Each man’s individual temper and convictions must be taken ②in account. To a certain extent his work must be done ③in accordance with his individual beliefs and theories of right and wrong. To a yet greater extent it must be done ④in combination with others, he is yielding/yielding or modifying certain of his own theories and beliefs so as to enable him to stand on a common ground with his fellows, who have likewise yielded or modified certain of their theories and beliefs. There is no need of dogmatizing about independence ⑤on the one hand or party allegiance on the other. There are occasions when it may be the highest duty of any man to act outside of parties and against the one which/with which he has himself been hitherto identified; and there may be many more occasions when his highest duty is to sacrifice some of his own cherished opinions for the sake of the success of the party for which/which he on the whole believes to be right. I do not think that the average citizen, at least in one of our great cities, can very well manage to support his own party all the time on every issue, local and otherwise; at any rate if he can do Ⓐso he has been more fortunately placed than I have been. On the other hand, I am fully convinced that to do the best work ___________________________; and of course an organization is really a party, whether it be a great organization covering the whole nation and numbering its millions of adherents, or an association of citizens in a particular locality, banded together to win a certain specific victory, as, for instance, Ⓑthat of municipal reform.
14. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?14)
① Just one party should be existed covering all the
nation.
② One's opinion should be extended to all the others'
spectrum until it covers all opinions.
③ If one party is chosen, one must not change it to
another.
④ To be ideal citizens, we should not participate in any
organizations.
⑤ To take part in politics, one should be in any kind of
proper organization.
15. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 쓰임이 어색한 것은?15)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
16. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?16)
① is yielding which for which
② yielding with which for which
③ is yielding with which which
④ yielding which which
⑤ yielding with which which
17. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?17)
① not to think
② to support his own party
③ to be an average citizen
④ to be local and otherwise
⑤ to manage his own party
18. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?18)
① people must be organized
② people must rise up and be assembled together
③ people must be independent
④ politics should be guaranteed in freedom
⑤ people must elect great leaders
19. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ가 가리키는 것은?19)
① association
② adherents
③ locality
④ a certain specific victory
⑤ a party
20. 위 글에서 미국 시민의 ‘의무’와 일치 하지 않은 것은?20)
① it should be taken part in politics.
② it should be done in practical manner.
③ it should be in accordance with the highest principles
of honor and justice.
④ it should be in coordination with other's opinions.
⑤ it should be in party allegiance.
21. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?21)
① 체계를 갖춘 정당이 이상적이라 주장한다.
② 지역 정당을 변함없이 지지해야 이득이 된다.
③ 자신의 소중한 의견이 정당의 성공을 위해 희생이 될 수
도 있다.
④ 다른 사람의 이론과 신념도 나의 것과 같이 제시되고 수
정될 수 있다.
⑤ 시민의 정치참여는 실리적인 방식에서 이루어져야만 한
다.
Somebody has said that a racing-yacht, like a good rifle, is a bundle of incompatibilities; that you must get the utmost possible sail power without sacrificing some other quality if you really do get the utmost sail power, that, in short you have got to make more or less of a compromise on each in order to acquire the dozen things needful; but, of course, in making this compromise you must be very careful for the sake of something unimportant not to sacrifice any of the great principles of successful naval architecture.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] Somebody has said ①that a racing-yacht, like a good rifle, is a bundle of incompatibilities(누군가가 말하기를 좋은 소총같이 요트경기도 여러 각기 다른 특성들을 갖고 있습니다); ②that you must get the utmost possible sail power without sacrificing some other quality(당신은 다른 특성을 희생시키는 것 없이 최고 가능성 있는 항해 동력을 얻어야만합니다) if you really do get the utmost sail power(만일 당신이 진정 최고의 항해 동력을 갖고자 원한다면), ③that, in short(간략히 말해) you have got to make more or less of a compromise on each in order to acquire the dozen things needful(당신은 필요한 여러 가지를 획득하기 위해서 각각의 특성에 대해 약간의 타협(조화)을 해야만 합니다); ④but, of course, in making this compromise(그러나 물론 타협을 시도할 때) you must be very careful for the sake of something unimportant not to sacrifice any of the great principles of successful naval architecture(당신은 성공을 위한 배 구조의 어떠한 위대한 원칙을 희생 시키지 않기 위해 중요하지 않은 것에 주의를 기울여야만 합니다. - 성공적인 항해를 위해).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] Somebody ①has said[현재완료 경험] that[접속사, 목적어인 명사절] ~, like[전치사, ~같이] ~, is ~ of incompatibilities[각기 다른 특성들] ② ~ if you really do[강조용법, 진정으로] ~, ③ ~ more or less of [부사, 다소간, 약간] a compromise on each (quality)[각각의 특성들과 조화] ~; ④ ~ in making[부사구, when you make] ~ for the sake of[~을 위하여] ~ not to[~하지 않기 위해서] ~ of successful naval architecture(성공을 위한 배 구조의)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡bundle [bʌ́ndl] n. ① 묶음, 묶은 것. / a racing-yacht 요트경기 / incompatibility [ìnkəmpæ̀təbíləti] n. U,C 양립하지 않음, 성격의 불일치; / ‡utmost [ʌ́tmòust / -məst] a. 최고도의, 극도의, 극단의. / ‡sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis]v.―vt. 희생하다, 단념[포기]하다(for; to). / ‡compromise [kɑ́mprəmàiz] n. U,C 타협, 화해, 양보. / ‡architecture [ɑ́ːrkətèktʃər] n. U 구조, 구성, 설계, 체계. /
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] compromise n. arbitration[ɑ̀ːrbitréiʃən], concession[kənséʃən], mediation[mìːdiéiʃ-ən] 중재, negotiation[nigòuʃiéiʃən] v. risk[risk], discredit[diskrédit], endanger[endéindʒər], jeopardize[dʒépərdàiz] ant. disagreement[dìsəgríːmənt]
successful a. flourishing [flə́ːriʃiŋ], fortunate[fɔ́ːrtʃ-ənit], prosperous[prɑ́spərəs], thriving[ɵráiviŋ], eminent[émənənt], famous[féiməs], important[impɔ́ːrtənt], notable[nóutəbl-ə], conquering[kɑ́ŋkər / kɔ́ŋ], triumphant[traiʌ́mfənt], victorious[viktɔ́ːriəs], effective[iféktiv], fruitful[frúːtfəl], productive [prədʌ́ktiv] ant. failing[féiliŋ], obscure[əbskjúər], unsuccessful[ʌ̀nsəksésfəl, futilefutile [fjúːtl, -tail]
Well, it is about so with a man’s political work. He has got to preserve his independence on the one hand; and on the other, unless he wishes to be a wholly ineffective crank, he has got to have some sense of party allegiance and party responsibility, and he has got to realize that in any given exigency it may be a matter of duty to sacrifice one quality, or it may be a matter of duty to sacrifice the other.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[해석기법] Well, it is about so with a man’s political work(음, 그것(요트경기)은 한 사람의 정치적 행위와의 그런 것(조화를 이루는 일)에 관한 것과 같습니다). He has got to preserve his independence on the one hand(그는 한편으론 자신의 독립성을 유지해야만 합니다); and on the other, unless he wishes to be a wholly ineffective crank(그리고 다른 한편으론 자신이 전반적으로 비효율적인 크랭크가 되기를 바라지 않는 한), he has got to have some sense of party allegiance and party responsibility(그는 당에 복종과 책임감을 갖아야만 합니다), and he has got to realize(그리고 그가 깨달아야만 하는 것은) that in any given exigency(어느 닥쳐온 위기상황에서) it may be a matter of duty to sacrifice one quality, or it may be a matter of duty to sacrifice the other(한 특성이나 다른 특성을 희생하는 것이 의무적인 문제(의무로 제기된 위기)가 될 수도 있다는 것 입니다).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석] it[=a racing-yacht] is about[=like] so[making this compromise) with ~. ~; and on the other (hand)[다른 한편으로], unless[접속사, ~하지 않으면] ~, he has got to[=have to] ~, in any given exigency[when it is in ~] it ~ a matter of duty[=a dutiful matter, 형용사구가 됨] to sacrifice the other (quality).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[단어분석] ‡preserve [prizə́ːrv] v. ―vt. ① 보전하다, 유지하다. / †crank [kræŋk] n. ① 〖기계〗 크랭크 / allegiance[əlíːdʒəns] n. 충성, 충절; 충실; / exigency, -gence[éksədʒənsi]긴급한 경우, 긴급사태; / ‡responsibility[rispɑ̀nsəbíləti/-spɔ̀n-] n. ① U 책임, 책무, 의무(of; for). [SYN.] ⇨ DUTY.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[동의어/반의어] preserve v. conserve[kənsə́ːrv], reserve[rizə́ːrv], save[seiv], spare[spɛəːr], maintain[meintéin], perpetuate[pə(ː)rpétʃuèit], sustain[səstéin], shield[ʃiːld], shelter[ʃéltəːr], uphold[ʌdphóuld], harbor[hɑ́ːrbər], safeguard[séifgɑ̀ːrd,
n. reservation[rèzəːrvéiʃ-ən], retreat[riːtríːt], sanctuary[sǽŋktʃuèri] ant. waste[weist], abolish[əbɑ́liʃ]
exigency n. demands[dimǽndz] exigence[éksədʒəns], urgency[ə́ːrdʒənsi], difficulty[dífikʌ̀lti], crisis[kráisis], needs[niːdz], emergency[imə́ːrdʒənsi] predicament [pridíkəmənt]
1) ⑤
2) ③
3) ③
4) ④
5) ④ better → worse
6) ①
7) ③
8) ② fit → unfit
9) ⑤
10) ③
11) ④
12) ②
13) ①
14) ⑤
15) ② in → into
16) ⑤
17) ②
18) ①
19) ①
20) ⑤
21) ②
24-Funeral Oration by Pericles 본문(완성) 21쪽 22문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
23-George Washington Farewell Address-본문 및 해석(완성) 29쪽 60문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
22-George Washington-Inaugural Address - 본문(완성) 14쪽 35문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
21-A History of Freedom of Thought by John B Bury 본문 및 해석(완성) 4쪽 10문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
20-The Quit India by Mahatma Gandhi-완성 12쪽 46문제 (0) | 2017.11.26 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
Most of my predecessors in this place have commended him who made this speech part of the law, telling us that it is well that it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle. For myself, I should have thought that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds; such as you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Most of my predecessors in this place(이곳 아테네의 대부분의 제 선배님들은) have commended him who made this speech part of the law(이 추도사를 법의 일부로 만들었던 그를 칭송해 왔습니다), telling us that it is well that it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle(전쟁에서 죽은 사람들의 장례식에서 이것이(추도사가) 낭송되는 것은 적절하다고 우리에게 말씀하십니다). For myself(저로서), I should have thought(저는 생각이 짧았습니다) that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds(행동으로 보여준 가치는) would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds(국가를 위해 목숨을 바친 명예로 인해 충분히 보상을 받을 것입니다); such as(이를테면) you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost(여러분은 그 사람들의 희생을 추모하기 위한 이 장례식에서 지금 목격하고 있는 것입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Most of[대부분] my predecessors in this place[이곳, 아테네] have commended[현재완료의 계속, ~칭찬해 오고 있다] him who[관계 대명사] made A[this speech] B[part of the law][make A B : 5형식, A를 B로 만들다, 이 연설(추도사)을 법의 일부로 만들었다)], telling us[and have told us] that it[가주어] is well[형용사, 적절한] that[진주어] it[=this speech, 추도사] should be delivered[it가 주어이므로 수동태, 이것이 낭송되어져야 하다] at[전치사, 장소] the burial[매장식에서, 장례식에서] of those who fall in battle[전쟁에서 죽은 사람들]. For myself[for+재귀대명사], I should have thought[should + have + p.p:(과거를 후회, 유감)~했어야만 했다] that the worth which[관계대명사] had displayed[과거완료시제] itself[죽음] in deeds[죽음을 행동으로 보여준 가치, 목숨을 바친] would[과거시제, ~일 것이다] be sufficiently[부사, rewarded를 수식] rewarded[주어 the worth가 사물이므로 ‘수동태’] by honors (which were) also shown by deeds[행동으로 보여준 명예]; such as[말의 계속을 재촉하는 용법] you now see[목격하다, 경험하다] in this funeral (which is) prepared at the people’s cost(사람들의 희생을 추모하기 위해 준비된 장례식에서).
[단어분석]
†predecessor [prédisèsər] n. 전임자([opp.] successor); 선배; 선행자; / †commend [kəménd] vt. ① 칭찬하다(praise). ② 권하다. ③ 위탁하다(to). / ‡burial [bériəl] n. 매장, 매장식. / ‡deed [diːd] n. ① 행위, 소위(所爲). [SYN.] ⇨ ACT. ② 실행; U,C 사실(reality). ③ 공훈, 공적. / ‡sufficient [səfíʃənt] a. ① 충분한, 족한(for). [cf.] deficient. [SYN.] ⇨ ENOUGH. / ‡reward [riwɔ́ːrd] v. ―vt. ① ┅에게 보답하다; 보수를[상을] 주다(for; with). ② (행위에) 앙갚음하다, 보복하다, 벌하다. ―vi. 보답하다. /
[동의어/반의어]
commend v. acclaim[əkléim], applaud[əplɔ́ːd], compliment[kɑ́mpləmənt], extol[ikstóul], praise[preiz], advocate[ǽdvəkit], approve[əprúːv], endorse[endɔ́ːrs]승인하다, 선전하다, promote[prəmóut], recommend[rèkəménd, commit[kəmít], confide[kənfáid], entrust[entrʌ́st] ant. criticize[krítisàiz], condemn[kəndém] withhold[wiðhóul]
And I could have wished that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill. For it is hard to speak properly upon a subject where it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth. On the one hand, the friend who is familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve; on the other, he who is a stranger to the matter may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration if he hears anything above his own nature.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
And I could have wished(그리고 저는 소망했던 것 같습니다) that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual(~ 많은 용맹스런 사람들의 명성이 한 개인의 입을 통해 위험에 빠지지 않기를), to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill(그가 칭송이나 험담을 하는 것에 따라 명예롭거나 불명예스런). For it is hard to speak properly upon a subject(왜냐하면 ~ 한 주제에 관해 적절히 말하기는 어렵기 때문입니다) where it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth(여러분의 청중에게 당신이 지금 진실을 말하고 있다고 납득시키기가 아주 어려운). On the one hand(한편으로), the friend who is familiar with every fact of the story may think(그 이야기의 분명한 진실에 알고 있는 그 친구는 ~ 라고 생각할 것 같습니다) that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve(그가 그럴만하다고 바라고 아는 것이 그렇게 완벽하게 언급되지 않았다); on the other(다른 한편으로), he who is a stranger to the matter(그 문제에 생소한 그는) may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration(과장됨을 의심하는 부러움에 사로잡힐 것 같습니다) if he hears anything above his own nature(만일 그가 자신을 과장하는 것을 듣는다면).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
And I could have wished[~이었을는지도 모른다(현재에서 본 과거의 추측]. that the reputations of many brave men[많은 용맹한 사람들의 명성] were not to[be to의 용법 중, 가능(~하고 싶어 하지 않다)] be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual[한 개인의 말을 통해 위험에 빠지는], to stand or fall[살거나 죽거나, 명예롭거나 불명예스런] according as[접속사, ~에 따라] he spoke well or ill[칭찬이나 험담하다]. For[접속사=because] it[가주어] is hard to speak[진주어] properly upon a subject[한 주제에 관해 적절히 말하다] where[관계부사] it[가주어] is even difficult to convince[진주어, convince A that B : A를 B로 납득시키다.] your hearers that you are speaking the truth. On the one hand, the friend who[주격 관계대명사, 그 모든 진실을 알고 있는 친구] is familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth[핵심이 빠져있다] with that fullness[with+명사=부사구, 아주 완전히] which[관계대명사의 선행사는 some point] he wishes and knows it to deserve[그럴만한 가치가 있다]; on the other (hand)[다른 한편으로], he who is a stranger to the matter[그 문제를 모르는 친구] may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration[과장됨을 알면서도 은근히 좋아하는 뜻] if he hears anything above his own nature.
[단어분석]
‡reputation [rèpjətéiʃ-ən] n. U,C ① 평판, 세평. ② 명성, 신망, 호평. / imperil[impéril] vt. (생명·재산 따위를) 위태롭게 하다, 위험하게 하다(endanger). / according as (conj.) (┅함)에 따라서; ┅에 응해서(뒤에 clause) / ‡convince [kənvíns] vt. +목+전+명/ +목+that절』 ┅에게 납득시키다 / ♣set forth ⑴ 출발하다: ⑵ 진열하다, 설명하다 / ‡suspect [səspékt] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+to be 보/ +(that)절』 ┅이 아닌가 의심하다 / †exaggeration[igzæ̀dʒəréiʃən] n. ① U 과장, ② C 과장적 표현. /
[동의어/반의어]
imperil v. compromise[kɑ́mprəmàiz], endanger[endéindʒər], hazard[hǽzərd], jeopardize[dʒépərdàiz], risk[risk] ant. protect[prətékt]
exaggeration n. hyperbole[haipə́ːrbəl̀i, overstatement[òuvərstéitmənt], aggrandizement[əgrǽndaimənt], embellishment[imbéliʃmənt], enhancement[enhǽnsmənt] ant. understatement[ʌ̀ndərstéimənt] minimizing[mínəmàiziŋ]
For men can endure to hear others praised only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted: when this point is passed, envy comes in and with it incredulity. However, since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval, it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
For men can endure to hear others praised(왜냐하면 사람들은 다른 사람들이 칭찬받는 것을 듣는 것을 감수할 수 있기 때문이다) only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted(단지 열거되는 그 행위에 필적하는 그들 행위에 여러 번 설득당하는 동안): when this point is passed(이런 시점이 지나갔을 때), envy comes in and with it incredulity(부러움은 불신으로 바뀌게 됩니다). However, since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval(그러나 우리의 조상님들은 이러한 관습을 묵인하셨기에), it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may(제가 최선을 다해 법을 준수하면서 여러분의 여러 소망과 의견을 만족시키고자 노력하는 것이 저의 임무임을 말씀드립니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
For[=because] men can endure to hear others praised[others와 praised는 수동형 관계, 칭찬받은 사람들] only so long as[접속사, 단지 ~하는 동안만] they can severally persuade themselves of[납득당하다] their own ability to[to부정사의 형용사적 용법, ~할 능력] equal the actions (which are) recounted: when[접속사, =after] this point is passed, envy comes in and with it[=envy] incredulity (comes). However, since[접속사, 완료형, ~이후로 내내] our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval[이런 관습을 그들의 승인으로 받아 드리다(묵인하다)], it[가주어] becomes my duty to obey[진주어] the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may[추도사에서 최선을 다해 전쟁터에서 죽어간 영웅들을 기린다는 뜻].
[단어분석]
‡endure [endjúər] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +-ing/ +to do』 (사람·물건이) 견디다, 인내하다; 「주로 부정문」 ┅을 참다. [SYN.] ⇨ BEAR. ② (고난 따위를) 경험하다, 받다. / ‡equal [íːkwəl] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ┅과 같다; ┅에 필적하다, ┅에 못지않다. / †recount [rikáunt] vt. 자세히 얘기하다 차례대로 얘기하다; 하나하나 열거하다. / incredulity[ìnkridjúːləti] n. U 쉽사리 믿지 않음, 의심이 많음, 회의심. / ⁂stamp[stæmp] v. (마음 등에) (인상·생각 등을) 새겨넣다(with);
[동의어/반의어]
endure v. abide, continue, outlast, persist, remain, bear, suffer, survive, tolerate, undergo ant. decay enjoy
I shall begin with our ancestors: it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present. They dwelt in the country without break in the succession from generation to generation, and handed it down free to the present time by their valor. And if our more remote ancestors deserve praise, much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess, and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
I shall begin with our ancestors(저희 조상님들의 이야기로 시작하려 합니다): it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present(그들이 현재와 같은 추도식을 우선 명예로 언급해야 함이 옳고 적절하다 사료됩니다). They dwelt in the country without break in the succession from generation to generation(그들은 연속된 세대 간의 계승에서 휴식 없이 이 나라를 떠나지 않으셨고), and handed it down free to the present time by their valor(그들의 용맹함으로 기꺼이 현재 우리에게 물려 주셨습니다). And if our more remote ancestors deserve praise(그리고 만일 우리의 먼먼 조상님들을 칭송하고자 한다면), much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess(지금 우리가 간직하고 있는 제국을 물려주시고), and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation(현 우리 세대에 그들의 유산을 물려주시고자 고통을 감내하신 우리 아버님들에게 먼저 칭송하는 것이 도리일 것입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
I shall[결의의 객관적인 표현, 꼭 ~한다] begin with[~로 시작하다] our ancestors: it[가주어] is both just and proper[both A and B : A와 B 모두] that[진주어] they should have the honor of the first mention on[~에 관한 우선적인 언급] an occasion like[전치사, ~같은 때] the present[오늘, 현재]. They[=our ancestors] dwelt[dwell의 과거형] in the country without break[휴식 없이] in the succession from generation to generation[연속된 세대교체], and handed it[=the succession] down[물려주다] free[부사로 hand it down을 수식, 기꺼이] to[전치사로 방향, ~으로] the present time by their valor[그들의 용맹함으로]. And if[조건절, 만일 ~라면] our more remote ancestors[먼먼 조상님들] deserve praise, much more do[=deserve praise] our own fathers, who added[add의 목적어는 the empire, add A to B : A를 B에 더하다] to their inheritance the empire which[관계대명사] we now possess[목적어는 the empire], and (who) spared no pains to be able to leave A[their acquisitions] B[to us of the present generation][leave A to B : B에게 A를 물려주다].
[단어분석]
‡mention[ménʃən] n. ① U 기재(記載), 언급, 진술, 이름을 듦. / ‡dwell[dwel] vi. (p., pp. dwelt [-t], dwelled [-d, -t]) ① 『+전+명』 살다, 거주하다(live)(at; in; near; on; among). / ‡succession [səkséʃən] n. ① U,C 연속; 연속물. [SYN.] ⇨ SERIES. / ⁂free[friː] a. (freer [fríːər]; freest [fríːist]) ① 자유로운; 속박 없는. ② 구애되지[얽매이지] 않는. / †valor, 【영국】 -lour [vǽləər] n. U 용기, 용맹. [관련어] valiant ―a. / ‡inheritance[inhéritəns] n. ① U 〖법률〗 상속, 계승. / †acquisition[æ̀kwəzíʃən] n. ① U 취득, 획득; 습득, 손에 넣은 물건;
[동의어/반의어]
succession n. chain[tʃein], order[ɔ́ːrdər], progression[prəgréʃən], sequence[síːkwəns], series[sí-əriːz]
inheritance n. bequest[bikwést], birthright[bə́ːrɵrài]장자 상속권, endowment[endáumənt], estate[istéit], heritage[héritiʤ], legacy[légəsi]
acquisition n. gain[gein], accumulation[əkjùːmjəléiʃən] appropriation[əpròupriéiʃən], procurement[proukjúər, prə-], asset[ǽset], belonging[bilɔ́(ː)ŋiŋ], possession[pəzéʃən], property[prɑ́pərti]
ant. loss[lɔ(ː)s]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here, who are still more or less in the vigor of life; while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace. That part of our history which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or of the ready valour with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression, is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass it by.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here(끝으로 이곳에 있는 ~ 우리에게 확고부동한 우리의 관할권 지역들이 있습니다), who are still more or less in the vigor of life(여전히 다소 정렬적인 삶을 살고 있는); while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace(조국이 우리에 의해 전쟁시든 평화시든 자원에 의존할 수 있게 모든 것을 제공받는 동안). That part of our history(우리 역사의 그 부분은) which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions(우리에게 여러 소유권을 가져다준 군사적 업적이나), or of the ready valor with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression(우리나 우리의 아버지들이 그리스나 외세의 침공의 여파를 준비된 용맹으로 저지했던 것을 기록하는), is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on(여러분들에게 너무나 친숙하여 제가 부연 설명할 필요가 없는 주제이기에), and I shall therefore pass it by(그 이야기는 피하려 합니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Lastly, there are A[few] parts of our dominions that have B[not] been augmented by those of us here[few와 not으로 부정에 부정이 됨, 강한 긍정으로 해석, 이곳에 있는 우리가 더 이상의 논쟁할 필요가 없는 우리 주권의 영토], who are still more or less[다소간] in the vigor of life; while[접속사, ~하는 동안] A[the mother country] has been furnished by us B[with everything][A는 B를 제공받다] that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether[접속사, ~이든 아니든] (it is) for war or for peace. That part of our history[주어] which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or (which tells) of the ready valor with which[선행사는 the ready valor] either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression (with the ready valor), is[본동사] a theme A[too] familiar to my hearers for me B[to][부분부정, 너무 ~해서 ~할 수 없는] dilate on, and I shall[단순미래, ~할 것이다] therefore pass it by.
[단어분석]
†dominion [dəmínjən] n. ① U 지배[통치]권[력], 주권. ② U,C 지배, 통제(over); / ‡furnish [fə́ːrniʃ] v. 공급하다, 제공하다, 주다, 비치하다, 갖추다, 설비하다. / ‡stem v. (-mm-) ―vt. (반대 따위를) 저지하다, (흐름을) 막다; / Hellenic [helíːnik] n. U 그리스어족 / dilate [dailéit, di-] v. ―vi. 상세히 설명[부연]하다(on, upon). /
[동의어/반의어]
dominion n. authority[əɵɔ́ːriti], jurisdiction[dʒùərisdíkʃən], supremacy[səpréməsi], domain[douméin], empire[émpaiər], kingdom[kíŋdəm], land[lænd]
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [01~08]
Most of my predecessors in this place have commended Ⓐhim who made this speech part of the law, telling us that ①it is well that ②it should be delivered at the burial of those who fall in battle. For myself, I ⑴should have thought that the worth which had displayed itself in deeds would be sufficiently rewarded by honors also shown by deeds; such as you now see in this funeral prepared at the people’s cost. And I ⑵could have wished that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill. For ③it is hard to speak properly upon a subject where ④it is even difficult to convince your hearers that you are speaking the truth. Ⓑ , the friend who is ⑶familiar with every fact of the story may think that some point has not been set forth with that fullness which he wishes and knows it to deserve; on the other, he who is a stranger to the matter may be led by envy to suspect exaggeration if he hears ⑷anything above his own nature. For men can endure to hear others praised only so long as they can severally persuade themselves of their own ability to equal the actions recounted: when this point is passed, ⑸envy comes in and with it incredulity. Ⓒ , since our ancestors have stamped this custom with their approval/disapproval, ⑤it becomes my duty to obey the law and to try to satisfy your several wishes and opinions as best I may. I shall begin with our ancestors: it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present. They dwelt in the country without break in the success/succession from generation to generation, and handed it down free to the present time by their valor. And if our more close/remote ancestors deserve praise, much more do our own fathers, who added to their inheritance the empire which we now possess, and spared no pains to be able to leave their acquisitions to us of the present generation.
1. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?1)
① It's essential to take care of audiences who are not
likely to believe what the addressor say about.
② It's the time we had to fight against the enemies who
objects to our tradition.
③ It's the holy duty we should take arms up and go into
battles.
④ It cannot too admire the dead in wars like our
ancestors's heritage.
⑤ It's not easy to follow up the predecessors' inheritance.
2. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?2)
① who rules the nation
② who addresses in the national events
③ who is one of our predecessors
④ who is a warrior with valor in wars
⑤ who is one of audiences in funeral
3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 쓰임이 다른 것은?3)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
4. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ⑴~⑸의 우리말 번역이 어색한 것은?4)
① ⑴ 생각했어야만 했다. 즉, 생각지 못함.
② ⑵ 소망했던 것 같다.
③ ⑶ 그 이야기의 진실을 알고 있는
④ ⑷ 자신에 대한 진심
⑤ ⑸ 질투가 불신으로 바뀜
5. 위 글에서 작가의 조상에 대한 태도는?5)
① challenge
② grievance
③ obedience
④ indifference
⑤ argumentation
6. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓑ, Ⓒ에 적절한 단어는?6)
① Therefore Meanwhile
② On the one hand However
③ Likewise Nevertheless
④ For example As a result
⑤ Additionally As a matter of fact
7. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?7)
① approval success close
② disapproval success remote
③ approval succession close
④ disapproval succession remote
⑤ approval succession remote
8. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?8)
① 국가를 위해 목숨을 바친 명예로 인해 충분히 보상을 받
을 것입니다.
② 많은 용맹스런 사람들의 명성이 한 개인의 입을 통해 위
험에 빠지지 않기를 바랍니다.
③ 열거되는 그 행위에 필적하는 그들 행위에 여러 번 설득
당하는 동안 사람들은 감수할 수 있습니다.
④ 현재와 같은 추도식을 우선 명예로 언급해야 함이 옳고
적절하다 사료됩니다.
⑤ 현 우리 세대에 그들의 유산을 물려주시고자 고통을 감
내하신 먼 조상님들에게 먼저 칭송하는 것이 도리일
것입니다
But what was the road by which we reached our position, what the form of government under which our greatness grew, what the national habits out of which it sprang; these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon these men; since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell, and to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
But what was the road by which we reached our position(그러나 우리가 현재의 위치에 도달한 것은 무엇 때문입니까), what the form of government under which our greatness grew(우리의 위대함이 정부의 형태에서 발전하도록 한 것은 무엇이었나요), what the national habits out of which it sprang(그것이(정부가) 국가의 기질 밖으로 겉돌게 한 것은 무엇이었나요); these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon these men(이런 것들이 제가 이분들에게 찬사를 하기 전 풀고자하는 문제들입니다); since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell(저는 이것이 현재의 상황 하에서 연설자가 적절히 숙고해야할 주제라 생각하고), and to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage(시민이든 외국인이든 이곳에 모인 전 군중들이 옳게 귀기울여할 주제라 생각하기 때문입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
But what was the road by which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the road] we reached our position (by the road), what (was) the form of government under which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the form of government] our greatness grew (under the form of government), what (was) the national habits out of which[관계대명사의 선행사는 the national habits] it sprang (out of the national habits); these are questions which I may try to solve[목적어는 questions] before I proceed to[to를 수반하여, ~로 나아가다] my panegyric upon these men[조국을 위해 목숨을 바친 사람들]; since[=because] I think this to be a subject upon which[관계대명사의 선행사는 a subject] on the present occasion[현재의 상황 하에서] a speaker may properly dwell (upon a subject), and to which the whole assemblage, whether[접속사로 삽입절] citizens or foreigners[시민이든 외국인이든], may listen (to a subject) with advantage[with+명사=부사구, 편의상, 이점을 갖고].
[단어분석]
⁂spring [spriŋ]v. (sprang [spræŋ], sprung [sprʌŋ]; sprung) ―vi. ① 『+부/+전+명』 튀다(leap), 도약하다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰어오르다(jump). [SYN.] ⇨ JUMP. / ‡proceed [prousíːd] vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 앞으로 나아가다, (┅에) 이르다(to) [SYN.] ⇨ ADVANCE. / panegyric [pæ̀nədʒírik, -ʤái-] n. 찬사; 과장된[형식적인] 칭찬의 말(upon). / †assemblage [əsémblidʒ] n. 집단; 집합, 집회;
[동의어/반의어]
advantage n. benefit[bénəfit], blessing[blésiŋ], boon[buːn], privilege[prívəlidʒ], allowance[əláuəns], edge[edʒ], handicap[hǽndikæ̀p], odds[ɑdz/ɔdz], gain[gein], interest[íntərist], profit [prɑ́fit]
ant. curse[kəːrs], disadvantage[dìsədvǽntidʒ]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; if no social standing, advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states(우리의 헌법은 이웃나라의 법을 모방하지 않습니다); we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves(우리는 모방자가 아닌 오히려 다른 사람들에게 귀감이 됩니다). Its administration favors the many instead of the few(우리나라의 행정조직은 소수대신 다수를 선호합니다); this is why it is called a democracy(이것이 민주주의라 불리는 이유입니다). If we look to the laws(만일 우리가 법에 의지한다면), they afford equal justice to all in their private differences(법은 서로 다른 모두에게 동등한 정의를 제공합니다); if no social standing(만일 사회적 신분이 없다면), advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity(국민들 사이에서 출세는 능력 있는 명성을 추구하여), class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit(장점에 방해를 허락지 않는 계급의 중요성이 인식되게 됩니다); nor again does poverty bar the way(또한 다시금 가난이 그 길을 방해하지 않습니다), if a man is able to serve the state(만일 누군가가 국가에 봉사할 수 있다면), he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition(그는 자신의 낮은 신분으로 인한 방해를 받지 않습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others[오히려 다른 사람에게 귀감이 됨] than imitators[모방자가 아닌] ourselves[우리 스스로]. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why[~라는 결과] it is called a democracy. If we look to[의지하다] the laws, they afford[~할 여유가 있다] equal justice to all in their private differences[서로 다른 개인들]; if (there is) no social standing, advancement in public life falls to[시작하다] reputation for capacity[명성을 추구], class considerations[계급의 중요성] not being allowed to interfere with[방해하다] merit; nor again does[도치됨] poverty[or again poverty does not] bar[방해하다] the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by[~로 방해 받지 않다] the obscurity of his condition[자시의 낮은 신분].
[단어분석]
‡constitution[kɑ̀nstətjúːʃən / kɔ̀n-] n. ① U 구성(構成), 조성; 구조, 조직(of); 본질, 골자. ② U,C (국가의 구성으로서의) 정체; (국가 조직을 규정하는) 헌법. / imitator[ímitèitər] n. 모방자, 모조자. / ‡pattern [pǽtərn] n. ① 모범, 본보기, 귀감. / administration[ædmìnəstréiʃən, əd-] n. U 행정, 통치; 행정[통치] 기간[임기]. / †standing[stǽndiŋ] n. C,U 입장, 지위, 신분; C,U 명성, 평판. / ‡interfere[ìntərfíər] vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 간섭하다, 말참견하다(in). ② 『∼ / +전+명』 훼방놓다, 방해하다; 저촉하다; 해(害)치다(with). ③ 『∼ / +전+명』 (이해 따위가) 충돌[대립]하다(with). / ‡poverty[pɑ́vərti] n. U ① 가난, 빈곤([opp.] wealth). ② 결핍, 부족(of; in). ③ 열등, 빈약. / ‡hinder[híndər] v. ―vt. 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① 방해하다, 훼방하다(in). ② ┅의 방해를 하다; 지체케 하다, 늦게 하다. / †obscurity [əbskjúərəti] n. U,C ① 어두컴컴함; 어둑한 곳. ② 불명료; 모호한 점, 난해한 곳. ③ 세상에 알려지지 않음; 무명(인); 낮은 신분; 궁벽한 땅. /
[동의어/반의어]
interfere v. butt[bʌt] in, disrupt[disrʌ́pt], intervene[ìntərvíːn], intrude[intrúːd], meddle[médl, hinder[híndər], impede[impíːd], interrupt[ìntərʌ́p], obstruct[əbstrʌ́kt]
ant. aid[eid]
The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life(우리 정부에서 우리가 누리고 있는 자유는 일상적인 생활에까지 또한 미칩니다). There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other(서로에 대한 질투어린 감시에 개의치 않고) we do not feel called upon(그의 방문에 겁먹을 필요도 없습니다) to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes(우리는 그가 좋아하는 것을 한다고 이웃에게 화를 내서), or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive(또는 심지어 불쾌한 그런 해가되는 모습을 보인다고), although they inflict no positive penalty(비록 그들이 실제적인 처벌을 가하지 않더라도). But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens(그러나 우리의 개인 관계에서 모든 이 여유는 시민으로서 우리가 법이 필요 없는 것은 아닙니다). Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws(우리의 주요한 안전장치는 이런 두려움에 반해 우리에게 법을 준수하는 것을 가르치고 있습니다), particularly such as regard the protection of the injured(특히 이를테면 약자를 보호하는 것입니다), whether they are actually on the statute book(법이 실제로 성문법으로 존재하든), or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace(또는 비록 성문화되어있진 않지만, 인식된 불명예 없인 파기될 수 없는 법규에 속하든지).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
The freedom which we enjoy[목적어는 the freedom] in our government extends also to[~까지 미치다] our ordinary life. There, far from[=without] exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon[방문을 받을 느낌을 갖을 필요가 없다] to be angry[to부정사의 원인, ~화를 낸다 해서] with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in[to부정사의 원인, ~즐긴다 해서] those injurious looks which cannot fail to[=can] be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless[법을 지킬 필요가 없다] as citizens. Against this fear[전치사구] is[동사] our chief safeguard[주어], teaching[동사] us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as[특히 이를테면] (and teaching us to) regard the protection of the injured, whether[접속사, ~인지 아닌지] they are actually on the statute book[성문법이든], or belong to that code which, although unwritten[성문법이 아닐지라도], yet cannot be broken[=keep] without acknowledged disgrace[법의 파기가 인정된 경우를 제외하고].
[단어분석]
‡extend[iksténd] v. ―vt. (영토 등을) 확장하다, 확대하다; (세력 따위를) 펴다, 미치다; / ‡jealous[dʒéləs] a. ① 질투심이 많은, 투기가 강한(of). ② 시샘하는, 선망하는(envious)(of). / surveillance[sərvéiləns, -ljəns] n. U 감시; 감독. / †injurious[indʒúəriəs] a. ① 해가 되는, 유해한(to). ② 불법의, 부정한. / ‡offensive[əfénsiv] a. ① 불쾌한, 싫은; 마음에 걸리는. ② 무례한, 화가 나는; 모욕적인. / ‡indulge[indʌ́ldʒ] ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 (취미·욕망 따위에) 빠지다, 탐닉하다(in); 즐기다, 마음껏 누리다(in). / ‡inflict[inflíkt] vt. ∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① (타격·상처·고통 따위를) 주다, 입히다, 가하다(on). ② (형벌 따위를) 과하다(on). / ‡penalty[pénəlti] n. ① U,C 형, 형벌, 처벌. ② 벌금, 과료(科料), 위약금. ③ 벌, 인과 응보, 천벌, 재앙. / ‡ease[iːz] n. U ① 안락, 편안; 경제적으로 걱정이 없음; 여유. ② 평정(平靜), 안심. ③ 한가, 태평. ④ 홀가분함, 쇄락(灑落). / †safeguard[séifgɑ̀ːrd] n. ① U 보호, 호위; C 보호물, 안전 장치; 보장 조항[규약]; U,C (유혹 따위의) 방위(수단)(against). / ‡obey[oubéi] v. ―vt. ┅에 복종하다, ┅에 따르다; ┅의 명령[가르침, 소원]에 따르다 / ‡magistrate[mǽdʒəstrèit, -trit] n. ① (사법권을 가진) 행정 장관, 지사, 시장. ② 치안 판사 / †statute[stǽtʃuːt]n. 법령, 성문법, 법규; 정관(定款), 규칙(of). [SYN.] ⇨ LAW. / ‡acknowledge[æknɑ́lidʒ, ik- / -nɔ́l-] vt. ① 『∼ +목 / +목+as 보 / +목+ to be 보 / + that 절 / +-ing / +목+done』 인정하다, 승인하다, 용인하다, 자인(自認)하다, 고백하다. / ‡disgrace[disgréis] n. ① U 창피, 불명예, 치욕; C 망신거리. [cf.] dishonor, shame. ② U 눈밖에 남; 인기 없음.
[동의어/반의어]
injurious a. damaging[dǽmidʒiŋ], deleterious[dèlətíəriəs], destructive[distrʌ́ktiv], detrimental[dètrəméntl, harmful[hɑ́ːrmfəl, defamatory[difǽmətɔ̀ːri], denigrating[dénigrèitiŋ], slanderous[slǽnd-ərəs / slɑ́ːn-
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [9~15]
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions that have not been augmented by those of us here, who are still more or less in the vigor of life; while the mother country has been furnished by us with everything that can enable her to depend on her own resources whether for war or for peace. That part of our history which tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions, or of the ready valor with which either we or our fathers stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign aggression, is a theme too familiar to my hearers for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass Ⓐit by. But what was the road by which we reached our position, what the form of government under which our greatness grew, what the national habits out of which it sprang; these are questions which I may try to solve before I proceed to my panegyric upon Ⓑthese men; since I think this to be a subject upon which on the present occasion a speaker may properly dwell, and in which/to which the whole assemblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may listen with advantage.
Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is because/why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; , advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere/interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ①ordinary life. There, far from exercising a ②jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those ③injurious looks which cannot fail to be ④lenient, although they inflict no ⑤positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.
9. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?9)
① The ways of keeping our national dominion
② Why must Law exist?
③ How much should we give the heros our tribute?
④ Class isn't needed on the present.
⑤ Rigid government is needed for the stronger nation.
10. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?10)
① part of our history ② the ready valor
③ the road ④ war
⑤ our position
11. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ가 가리키는 것은?11)
① who must have national respect
② who are gathered here
③ who keep the law well
④ who are addressing the audiences
⑤ who are leaders in the government
12. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?12)
① in which because interfere
② in which why interfere
③ to which because interfere with
④ to which why interfere with
⑤ to which because interfere with
13. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸에 적절한 표현은?13)
① though the public life is rich
② because there are many wars
③ if no social standing
④ if there are many chances to make business
⑤ if the country expands its sovereignty
14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?14)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
15. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?15)
① 작가는 몇 가지 문제를 먼저 해결하고 다음 단계로 넘어
가려한다.
② 우리의 법은 다른 나라 것을 모방하여 이젠 다른 나라의
귀감이 되고 있다.
③ 국민들 사이에 사회적 신분이 없다면, 국민들은 명성을
얻기 위해 더 많은 노력을 기울일 것이다.
④ 지금 우리가 누리고 있는 자유는 일상생활에 까지 영향
을 끼친다.
⑤ 법은 반드시 필요하다.
Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business. We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year round, and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbour, so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business(더우기, 우리는 국민들에게 사업으로 지친 마음에 활력을 돋아주는 많은 방식을 제공하고 있습니다). We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year round(우리는 1년 내내 경기회와 제물의식을 거행합니다), and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen(그리고 우리의 사설기관의 기품은 일상의 기쁨의 근원을 형성하며 우울한 마음을 쫓아내는 데 도움을 줍니다); while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbour(우리 도시의 웅장함은 전 세계의 농산물이 우리 항구로 유입되게 합니다), so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own(그리하여 아테네 시민에 이르기까지 다른 나라들의 과일은 자국의 과일처럼 익숙한 고급품입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Further[부사로 문장 전체 수식, 그 위에, 게다가], we provide plenty of means[많은 수단] for the mind[국민들] to refresh itself[=the mind] from business[장사로 지친 마음에 활력을 주다]. We celebrate[행하다] games[겅기] and sacrifices[의식] all the year round[년 중], and the elegance of our private establishments[사설기관] forms[=make, create] a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while[접속사, ~하는 동안] the magnitude of our city draws[유입시키다] the produce[농산물] of the world into our harbour[항구 안으로], so that[접속사로 결과, 그리하여] to the Athenian[아테네 사람들에게 까지] the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those[=fruits] of his own[as+형용사+단수명사+as : ~만큼 ... 한]
[단어분석]
game : (pl.) (특히 고대 그리스·로마의) 경기회, 경연회, 투기회 / ‡celebrate [séləbrèit] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (식을 올려) 경축하다; (의식·제전을) 거행하다. ②『+목+전+명』 (용사·훈공 따위를) 찬양하다(praise), 기리다. / †elegance, ─gancy[éligəns], [-i] n. (pl. -gances; -cies) ① U 우아, 고상, 기품. ② U 정확[적확]함, 간결함. / ‡establishment[istǽbliʃmənt] n. ① U 설립, 창립; 설치. ② C (사회) 시설(학교·병원·상점·회사·여관 따위), (공공 또는 사설의) 시설물. / ‡banish[bǽniʃ] vt. 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ① 추방하다, 유형에 처하다; 내쫓다. ② (아무를) 멀리하다; (근심 따위를) 떨어버리다. / spleen[spliːn] n.① 〖해부학〗 비장(脾臟), 지라. ② U 울화, 기분이 언짢음; 심술, 악의(malice); 원한(grudge), 유한; U (고어) 우울(melancholy), 낙담(dejection). / †magnitude[mǽgnətjùːd] n. U ① (길이·규모·수량) 크기, 양. ② 중대(성), 중요함; 위대함, 고결. / ‡harbor, 【영국】 -bour [hɑ́ːrbər] n. ① 항구, 배가 닿는 곳. ★harbor는 주로 항구의 수면을, port는 도시를 중요시한 구별. ② 피난처, 잠복처, 은신처. / †Athenian[əɵíːniən] a., n. 아테네의, 아테네 사람. / ‡luxury[lʌ́kʃəri] n. U ① 사치, 호사. ② C (종종 pl.) 사치품, 고급품.
[동의어/반의어]
elegance n. beauty[bjúːti], dignity[dígnəti], grace[greis], grandeur[grǽnʤər], polish[pɑ́liʃ], refinement[rifáinmənt] ant. vulgarity[vʌlgǽrəti] 야비, 무례한 언동
banish v. deport[dipɔ́ːrt], eject[idʒékt], evictevict [ivíkt], exile[égzail], expatriate[ekspéitrièt] 국외로 추방하다, expel[ikspél] ant. welcome[wélkəm]
If we turn to our military policy, there also we differ from our antagonists. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone, but bring with them all their confederates; while we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor, and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease men who are defending their homes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
If we turn to our military policy(만일 우리군 정책으로 눈을 돌려본다면), there also we differ from our antagonists(우리는 적들과 또한 다름니다). We throw open our city to the world(우리는 전 세계로 문을 활짝 열어 놓고 있습니다), and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing(이질적 행위로 인한 외국인들이 배우고 관찰할 기회를 배제하지 않습니다), although the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality(비록 적들의 눈엔 우리의 관대함이 때때로 이득으로 보일 수도 있습니다); trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens(체제와 정책에서 보다 우리 국민들의 타고난 정신력을 더 믿고 있기 때문입니다); while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness(교육에서도 우리의 적대국들은 요람에서부터 고통적인 원칙에 의해 용맹성을 추구하는 반면), at Athens we live exactly as we please(아테네에서 우린 원하는 대로 살고 있습니다), and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger(그리고 이제 모든 정당한 위험에 받아들일 준비가 되어 있습니다). In proof of this(이 증거로) it may be noticed(~알려져 있습니다) that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone(스파르타는 단독으로 우리나라를 침공 못하고), but bring with them all their confederates(모든 연합군을 모아야만 합니다); while we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor(반면 우리 아테네인들은 지원 없이 이웃영토로 진군합니다), and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease men who are defending their homes(외국 영토에의 전투는 자신의 고향을 지키고자하는 적군을 쉽게 추방시킵니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
If we turn to[~방향을 돌리다] our military policy, there also we differ from[~와 다른] our antagonists[적군]. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from[exclude A from B : A를 B로부터 배제하다] any opportunity of learning or observing, although[양보절, 비록 ~일 지라도] the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens[trusting to ~더 신임하고 있는]; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after[추구하다] manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please[우리가 원하는 대로], and yet are just as ready to[기꺼이 ~할 준비가 된] encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone, but bring with them[=Lacedaemonians, 스파르타인] all their confederates; while[접속사, ~ 하는 동안] we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor, and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease[부사구=easily] men who are defending their homes.
[단어분석]
†antagonist[æntǽgənist] n. ① 적수, 적대자, 반대자. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPONENT. / throw open ⑴ (문 따위를) 열어 젖히다. ⑵ 공개하다, 개방하다(to). / †alien[éiljən, -liən] a. ① 외국의, 이국(異國)의(foreign); 외국인의. ② 성질이 다른, 이질의(from). / ‡exclude [iksklúːd] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 못 들어오게 하다, 배척하다, 제외[배제]하다([opp] include); 몰아내다, 추방하다; (특히 출산이나 부화 때에) 방출하다; 빼다(omit)(from). ② 고려하지 않다, 무시하다; (증거 따위를) 받아들이지 않다, / liberality[lìbərǽləti] n. U 너그러움, 관대 / manliness ―n. U 남성적임, 용감, 과단. / ‡encounter[enkáuntər] v. ―vt. ① ┅와 우연히 만나다, 마주치다, 조우하다. ② (적과) 교전하다, ┅와 맞서다, ┅에 대항하다. ③ (곤란·반대·위험 등에) 부닥치다. / †legitimate[lidʒítəmit] a. ① 합법의, 적법의; 옳은, 정당한. [opp.] illegitimate. [SYN.] ⇨ LAWFUL. ② 본격적인, 정통의, 정계(正系)의; 적출의. / †confederate[kənfédərit] n. ① 동맹자, 연합자; 동맹국, 연합국. / †vanquish[vǽŋkwiʃ, vǽn-] vt. ┅에게 이기다, 정복하다; (감정 등을) 극복하다.
[동의어/반의어]
exclude v. ban[bæn], bar[bɑːr], blackball[blæk-́bɔ̀ːl], boycott[bɔ́ikɑt], ostracize[ɑ́strəsàiz]국외로 추방하다, prohibit[prouhíbit], eliminate[ilímənèit], except[iksépt], omit[oumít] ant. admit[ædmít] include[inklúːd]
legitimate a. authentic[ɔːɵéntik], genuine[ʤénjuin], verifiable[vérəfàiəbəl], logical[lɑ́dʒikəl], reasonable[ríːz-ənəb-əl], sound[saund], correct[kərékt], tenable[ténəb-əl], appropriate[əpróuprièit], proper[prɑ́pər], lawful[lɔ́ːfəl], legal[líg-əl], licensed[láis-ənst], rightful[ráitfəl] ant. fraudulent[frɔ́ːdʒulənt], irrational[irǽʃənəl], unsuitable[ʌnsúːtəbəl] illicit[illísit]
Our united force was never yet encountered by any enemy, because we have at once to attend to our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hundred different services; so that, wherever they engage with some such fraction of our strength, a success against a detachment is magnified into a victory over the nation, and a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of our entire people. And yet if with habits not of labor but of ease, and courage not of art but of nature, we are still willing to encounter danger, we have the double advantage of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation and of facing them in the hour of need as fearlessly as those who are never free from them.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Our united force was never yet encountered by any enemy(우리의 통합군은 아직까지 한 번도 어떠한 적과 마주친 적이 없었습니다), because we have at once to attend to our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hundred different services(이것이 우리가 즉시 해군력에 집중해야만하고 우리 시민들을 육로로 많은 다른 임무지역으로 파견해야하는 이유입니다); so that, wherever they engage with some such fraction of our strength(그들이 우리 군의 파견대와 연동을 할 땐 언제나), a success against a detachment is magnified into a victory over the nation(파견에 대비된 성공은 조국에 대한 승리를 확실하게 합니다), and a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of our entire people(그리고 반대쪽 진영의 패배는 우리 전 국민의 통제 하에 고통을 받게 됩니다). And yet(그럼에도 불구하고) if with habits not of labor but of ease, and courage not of art but of nature(만일 힘들이지 않는 여유로운 기질과 인위적인 아닌 타고난 용기로), we are still willing to encounter danger(우리가 여전히 기꺼이 위험에 대적할 수 있다면), we have the double advantage of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation(우리는 선제공격으로 어려웠던 경험을 피하고) and of facing them in the hour of need as fearlessly as those who are never free from them(죽기 살기의 사람들처럼 용맹하게 필요한 시간 안에 그들과 대적할 갑절의 이점을 갖게 됩니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Our united force was never yet encountered[경험, 아직 대적한 경험이 없다] by any enemy, because we have at once[즉시] to attend to[주의를 기울이다] our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land[육로로] upon a hundred different services[많은 다른 방어지역들로]; so that[접속사, 그리하여], wherever[복합 관계부사, 언제든지] they[=a hundred different services] engage with[연동작전을 펴다] some such fraction of our strength[몇몇 파견대], a success against a detachment[파견으로 인한 성공] is magnified into a victory over the nation[승리로 우뚝서다], and a defeat into a reverse (is) suffered at the hands of our entire people. And yet if with habits not of labor[of+명사=형용사구] but of ease[=easy], and courage not of art[=artful] but of nature[=natural], we are still willing to encounter danger, we have the double advantage[두 배의 이점] of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation[선제공격] and of facing them[=hardships] in the hour of need as fearlessly as[~처럼 ... 한] those who are never free from them[=hardships][죽기 살기로 용맹한].
[단어분석]
‡dispatch, des─[dispǽtʃ] v. ―vt. ① (편지·사자 등을) 급송하다; 급파[특파]하다; 파병하다. ② (일 따위를) 급히 해치우다, / ‡fraction[frǽkʃ-ən] n. ① 파편, 단편. / ‡magnify[mǽgnəfài] v. ―vt. ① (렌즈 따위로) 확대하다; 크게 보이게 하다. ② 과장하다. / ‡hardship[hɑ́ːrdʃìp] n. ① (종종 pl.) 고난, 고초, 신고, 곤란, 곤궁. [SYN.] ⇨ SUFFERING. ② 곤경; 어려운 일. / ‡anticipation[æntìsəpéiʃən] n. U,C ① 예기, 예감, 예상, 내다봄, 기대. ② 선제 행동, 선수; 예방. /
[동의어/반의어]
magnify v. amplify[ǽmpləfài], enlarge[enlɑ́ːrdʒ], exaggerate[igzǽdʒərèit], expand[ikspǽnd], increase[inkríːs], acclaim[əkléim], glorify[glɔ́ːrəfài] 찬미하다, laud[lɔːd], praise[preiz], dramatize[drǽmətàiz], enhance[enhǽns], heighten[háitn], intensify[inténsəfài] ant. reduce[ridjúːs], criticize[krítisàiz] lessen[lésn]
Nor are these the only points in which our city is worthy of admiration. We cultivate refinement without extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy; wealth we employ more for use than for show, and place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the fact but in declining the struggle against it. Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, unlike any other nation, regarding him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events if we cannot originate, and, instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Nor are these the only points in which our city is worthy of admiration(또한 우리 도시가 칭찬할 가치는 이것만이 아닙니다). We cultivate refinement without extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy(우리는 사치 없는 세련미와 나약하지 않은 지식을 발전시켜 왔습니다); wealth we employ more for use than for show(우리는 보여주기 위한 것이 아닌 이용하기 위해 더 많은 부를 사용하고 있습니다), and place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the fact but in declining the struggle against it(그리고 우리는 빈곤의 사실을 인정할 때가 아닌 빈곤에 대항하는 투지가 감소할 때 빈곤의 진정한 불명예를 말합니다). Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to(우리 국민들은 정치이외에 보살펴야할 사생활이 있고), and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters(우리 평범한 시민들은 비록 산업발달에 몰입할지라도 대중적인 문제에 대해 여전히 공정한 판단을 내리시는 분들입니다); for, unlike any other nation, regarding him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless(이러한 의무에 참여하지 않는 사람을 야망적이 아닌 무용지물로 간주할 때, 다른 나라 국민들과 달리), we Athenians are able to judge at all events if we cannot originate(만일 우리가 창작할 수 없을 지라도, 우리 아테네 사람들은 모든 일에 판단할 능력을 갖추고 있습니다), and, instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action(그리고 행동으로 옮기는 와중에 장애물을 방관하기보다), we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all(우리는 모든 일에 그것(장애물)을 어떤 현명한 행동에 대한 필수적인 준비단계라 생각합니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Nor are these[도치문=Or these are not] the only points in which our city is worthy of[~에 가치 있는] admiration (in the only point). We cultivate[=grow, develop] refinement without extravagance[사치 없는 품위] and knowledge without effeminacy[나태 없는 지식] wealth we employ[목적어는 wealth] more for use than for show[전시보다는 실용적인], and place[=judge 판단하다] the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to[인정하다] the fact[가난하다는 사실] but in declining the struggle against it[=the fact]. Our public men have, besides[=in addition to, along with 더불어] politics, their private affairs to attend to[주의를 기울이다], and our ordinary citizens, though (they are) occupied with[몰두하다] the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, unlike any other nation, (as we are) regarding[regard A as B: A를 B로 간주하다] him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events[모든 업무에서] if[=though] we cannot originate, and, instead of looking on[방관하다] discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action[일이 진행되는 도중에, 실행에 옮기는], we think A[it] B[an indispensable preliminary] to any wise action at all.[think A B: A를 B로 생각하다]
[단어분석]
‡worthy [wə́ːrði] a. (-thier; -thiest) ① 훌륭한, 존경할 만한, 가치 있는 / ‡admiration [æ̀dməréiʃən] n. U ① 감탄, 칭찬(of; for); 찬탄 / ‡cultivate [kʌ́ltəvèit] vt.
① (땅을) 갈다, 경작하다; (재배 중인 작물·밭을) 사이갈이하다. [SYN.] ⇨ TILL. ② 재배하다; (물고기·진주 등을) 양식하다; (세균을) 배양하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GROW. ③ (재능·정신 따위를) 신장하다, 계발[연마]하다 /†refinement [rifáinmənt] n. U ① 정련, 정제, 순화. ② 세련, 고상, 우아, 품위 있음. ③ 정밀, 정교; 극치. / extravagance, ─cy [ikstrǽvəgəns], [-i] n. ① U 사치, 무절제, 방종. ② C 낭비, 방종한 언행 / effeminacy [ifémənəsi] n. U 여성적임, 나약, 유약, 기력이 없음, 우유부단. / ‡disgrace [disgréis] n. ① U 창피, 불명예, 치욕 / own ―vi. 『+전+명』 인정하다, (┅을) 자백하다(to). / unambitious [ʌ̀næmbíʃəs] a. 공영심이 없는, 야심이 없는; 눈에 띄지 않는, 수수한. / ‡originate [ərídʒənèit] v. ―vt. ① 시작하다, 근원이 되다, 일으키다. / look on : ~ 방관하다 / stúmbling blòck 방해물, 장애물. / ‡indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한, 긴요한(to; for) / ‡preliminary [prilímənèri / -nəri] a. ① 예비의, 준비의; 임시의; 시초의. ② 서문의. /
[동의어/반의어]
admiration n. esteem[istíːm], regard[rigɑ́ːrd], respect[rispékt], adoration[æ̀dəréiʃən], praise[preiz], reverence[rév-ərəns], veneration[vènəréiʃən], amazement[əméizmənt], awe[ɔː], wonder[wʌ́ndəːr] ant. contempt[kəntémpt] disdain[disdéin]
Again, in our enterprises we present the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation, each carried to its highest point, and both united in the same persons; although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance, those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favours. Yet, of course, the doer of the favo is the firmer friend of the two, in order by continued kindness to keep the recipient in his debt; while the debtor feels less keenly from the very consciousness that the return he makes will be a payment, not a free gift. And it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences, confer their benefits not from calculations of expediency, but in the confidence of liberality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Again, in our enterprises we present the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation(다시 말씀드리자면, 우리의 계획에서 우리는 용맹과 숙고의 유일한 장관을 제시합니다), each carried to its highest point(각각은 정점으로 향해 이동합니다), and both united in the same persons(그리고 이 둘은 같은 개인 안에서 융합됩니다); although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance(비록 평상시의 결단이 무지의 소산일지라도), those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger(이분들은 고난과 기쁨의 차이점을 가장 잘 아시고 위험으로부터 움츠리는 유혹을 결코 받지 않습니다). In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favors(일반적으로 말하자면, 우리는 호의를 받는 것이 아닌 베푸는 것으로 친구를 얻는 동등한 유일물입니다). Yet, of course, the doer of the favor is the firmer friend of the two(그러나, 물론, 호의를 베푸는 자는 둘 중에 더 강인한 친구입니다), in order by continued kindness to keep the recipient in his debt(계속된 친절로 그 수혜자를 자신의 은혜 속에 유지시키기 위해서); while the debtor feels less keen from the very consciousness that the return he makes will be a payment, not a free gift(반면 수혜자는 자신의 보답이 공짜선물이 아닌 보상이 될 것이라는 바로 그 의식으로부터 널 민감하게 됩니다). And it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences, confer their benefits not from calculations of expediency, but in the confidence of liberality(결과에 연연하지 않고 사리추구의 속셈이 아닌 관대한 자신감에서 자신들의 은혜를 베푸는 사람은 다름 아닌 바로 아테네 국민들입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Again[강조하여 말하자면], in our enterprises[국가적 계획] we present[제시하다] the singular spectacle of daring and deliberation, each[=daring or deliberation] (is가 생략) carried to its highest point[최 정점으로 향하는], and both (are) united in the same persons; [양보절]although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance[무지의 산물(소산)], (it is)[강조용법으로 봄] those[바로 그 사람들(아테네 국민들) 입니다], who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. In generosity[=Generally speaking] we are equally singular, (who is[관계대명사+동사 생략]) acquiring our friends by conferring, not by receiving, favours. Yet, of course, the doer of the favor is the firmer friend of the two, in order by continued kindness to[~하기 위해서] keep[keep A in B: A를 B 안에 유지시키다] the recipient in his debt; while[접속사, 반면] the debtor feels less keen[feel+형용사: 덜 민감해지다] from the very consciousness that the return (that) he makes[목적어는 return: 그가 베푼 답례] will be a payment, not a free gift. And [강조용법: ~한 것은 바로 아테네 국민이다]it is only the Athenians, who, fearless of consequences[결과에 두려워하지 않고, 결과에 연연하지 않고], confer their benefits[자신의 은덕을 베풀다] not from calculations of expediency[사욕이 아닌], but in the confidence of liberality[관대한 자신감에서].
[단어분석]
‡enterprise [éntərpràiz] n. ① 기획, 계획(특히 모험적인). ② U,C 기업(체), 사업; 기업경영. ③ U 진취적인 정신, 기업심[열]; 모험심. / singular [síŋgjələːr] a. ① 유일한[의], 단독의, 독자의. ② 개개의, 따로따로의(separate), 각자의(individual). ③ 보통이 아닌, 뛰어난, 비범한(unusual). / ‡spectacle [spéktək-əl]n. 광경, 미관, 장관, 기관(奇觀); 비참한 광경. / ‡daring [dɛ́əriŋ] n. U 대담 무쌍, 호담(豪膽). a 대담한, 용감한; 앞뒤를 가리지 않는. / †deliberation [dilìbəréiʃən] n. U 숙고; 신중, 침착. / ‡tempt [tempt]vt. ① ┅의 마음을 끌다, 유혹하다, 부추기다. ② 『+목+to do』 ┅할 기분이 나게 하다, 꾀다. / †generosity [ʤènərɑ́səti / -rɔ́s-] n. U 관대, 아량; 고결. / ‡acquire [əkwáiər] vt. 손에 넣다, 획득하다; (버릇·기호·학력 따위를) 몸에 익히다, 습득하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GET. / †confer [kənfə́ːr] v. (-rr-) ―vt. (칭호·학위 등을) 수여하다, (영예 등을) 증여하다, (은혜 등을) 베풀다. / recipient [risípiənt] n. 수납자, 수령인; 수용자 / †keenly [kíːnli] ad. 날카롭게, 격심하게, 예민하게; 열심히, 빈틈없이. / ‡payment [péimənt] n. ① U 지불, 납부, 납입. ② 보수, 보상 / ‡calculation [kæ̀lkjəléiʃən] n. ① U 계산(하기), C 계산(의 결과); 셈; 계산법. / expediency, -ence [ikspíːdiənsi], [-əns] n. ① U 편의, 형편 좋음; (타산적인) 편의주의; (악랄한) 사리(私利)추구. ② C 방편, 편법. / liberality [lìbərǽləti] n. U 너그러움, 관대, 관후; 활수함, 인색하지 않음
[동의어/반의어]
spectacle n. curiosity [kjùəriɑ́səti], marvel[mɑ́ːrv-əl], phenomenon[finɑ́mənɑ̀n / -nɔ́mən], sight[sait], wonder[wʌ́ndəːr], demonstration[dèmənstréiʃən], display[displéi], exhibition[èksəbíʃən], presentation[prèzəntéiʃən] production[prədʌ́kʃən]
tempt v. bait[beit], entice[entáis], inveigle[invíːgəl], invite[inváit], lure[luər], tantalize[tǽntəlàiz] 감질나게하여 괴롭히다 ant. repel[ripél] 쫒아 버리다, 격퇴하다.
confer v. accord[əkɔ́ːrd], award[əwɔ́ːrd], bestow[bistóu], give[giv], grant[grænt, grɑːnt], consult[kənsʌ́lt], converse[kənvə́ːrs], deliberate[dilíbərèit], parley[pɑ́ːrli] 회담하다, 교섭[담판]하다. ant. withdraw[wiðdrɔ́ː, wiɵ-] 움츠리다, 회수하다
In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas, while I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian. And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion, but plain matter of fact, the power of the state acquired by these habits proves. For Athens alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation, and alone gives no occasion to her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom they have been worsted, or to her subjects to question her title by merit to rule.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
In short(요약하자면), I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas(도시국가로서 우리는 헬라스학파라고 말씀드립니다), while I doubt if the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility, as the Athenian(자신만을 의지할 수 있는 곳에서, 너무나 많은 위기를 감당해내고 너무나 행복한 재능을 부여받은 아테네 국민 같은 사람을 세상은 만들어낼 수 있을지 저는 의심이 가는 반면). And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion(기회가 있을 때 내뱉는 단순한 자랑이 아닙니다), but plain matter of fact(그러나 분명한 사실은), the power of the state acquired by these habits proves(이러한 국민성으로 획득된 국가의 힘은 그것을 입증하고도 남습니다). For Athens alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation(왜냐하면 동시대의 유일한 아테네만이 명성보다 더 큰 존재로 입증되었고), and alone gives no occasion to her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom they have been worsted, or to her subjects to question her title by merit to rule(아테네만이 그들을 패배시켰던 적을 당황시키기 위해 적에게, 또는 아테네란 도시 명칭이 통치할 수 있을지 의심하는 백성들에겐 어떠한 기회도 주지 않습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
In short[=shortly speaking, in a word], I say that as[전치사: ~로써] a city we are the school[학파] of Hellas, while I doubt if[접속사=whether(명사절): ~ 인지 아닌지 의심하다] the world can produce a man who, where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to[~를 감당하다] so many emergencies, and (who is) graced by so happy a versatility[so+형용사+단수명사: 너무나 행복한 재능을 부여받은], as[전치사:~처럼] the Athenian. And that this is no mere boast thrown out for the occasion[기회가 있을 던지는 단순한 자랑], but plain matter of fact[=as a matter of fact], the power of the state (which was) acquired by these habits proves[목적어는 that임: 도치문]. For[=because] Athens(단수: 아테네수도를 일컬음) alone of her contemporaries is found when tested to be greater than her reputation, and (Athens) alone gives no occasion to[~에게 빈틈을 보이지 않다] her assailants to blush at the antagonist by whom[목적격 관계대명사] they have been worsted (by the antagonist)[그들을 패배시킨 적이 있는 적), or to her subjects[백성들] to question her title by merit to rule[아테네 도시국가의 직함이 통치할 능력이 있는지 의심함].
[단어분석]
‡emergency [imə́ːrdʒənsi] n. U,C 비상[돌발] 사태, 위급, 위급한 경우. / ‡grace vt. ① 『∼+목/+목+전+명』 우미[우아]하게 하다, 아름답게 꾸미다; ┅에게 영광을 주다(with). / †versatile [və́ːrsətl / -tàil] a. ① 재주가 많은, 다예(多藝)한, 다능의, 융통성 있는, 다방면의. ② (드물게) (감정·기질 등이) 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운. / ‡mere [miər] a. (mérer; mérest) ① 단순한, ┅에 불과한, 단지[다만, 그저] ┅에 지나지 않는. ② (폐어) 전적인, 다른 어떤 것도 아닌, 순전한. / ‡boast [boust] n. 자랑(거리); 허풍. / †Athens [ǽɵinz] n. 아테네(그리스의 수도). / ‡contemporary [kəntémpərèri / -pərəri] n. ① 동시대[동연대]의 사람; 동기생(at school); 동갑내기. / ‡reputation [rèpjətéiʃ-ən] n. U,C ① 평판, 세평. ② 명성, 신망, 호평. / †assailant [əséilənt] n. 공격자; 가해자; 적. / ‡blush [blʌʃ] v. ―vi. ① 『∼/ +보/ +부/ +전+명』 얼굴을 붉히다, (얼굴이 ┅으로) 빨개지다(at ; for ; with). ② 『+전+명/ +to do』 부끄러워하다[지다] (at ; for). / †antagonist [æntǽgənist] n. ① 적수, 적대자, 반대자. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPONENT. / ⁂worst [wəːrst] vt. 패배하게 하다, 무찌르다. / ‡merit [mérit] n. ① U,C 우수함, 가치; 장점, 취할 점. [SYN.] ⇨ WORTH. ② (보통 pl.) 공적, 공로, 훈공 / ⁂rule [ruːl] v. ―vt. ① 다스리다, 통치[관리]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GOVERN. ② 「보통 수동태」 지도[설득]하다. 억제하다.
[동의어/반의어]
emergency n. accident, contingency, crisis, exigency, strait, urgency a. life-supporting, maintaining sustaining
versatile a. adaptable, all-purpose, multifaceted, multipurpose ant. limited
reputation n. character, fame, name, position, prestige, rank, standing status
Rather, the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours, since we have not left our power without witness, but have shown it by mighty proofs; and far from needing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave to melt at the touch of fact, we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us. Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Rather(오히려), the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours(현재와 앞으로 계속될 세대의 칭송은 우리가 받게 될 것입니다), since we have not left our power without witness(왜냐하면 우리는 증거 없이 우리의 힘을 남겨 놓지 않았기 때문입니다), but have shown it by mighty proofs(그러나 우리는 그것(우리의 힘)을 강력한 증거와 입증해 왔기 때문입니다); and far from needing a Homer for our panegyrist(서사시인 호머도 필요치 않으며), or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave to melt at the touch of fact(또는 호머의 다른 기교적인 운문이 지금 이 순간에 호머의 운문이 주었던 감동을 진실의 횃불로 누그러트리는 유혹도 필요치 않으므로), we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring(우리는 모든 삼라만상이 우리의 거침없는 용맹성이 되지 않을 수 없었고), and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us(선이든 악이든 모든 곳이 우리 뒤에 불멸의 기념비를 세워 놓았습니다(우리를 칭송하고 있습니다)). Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died(이러한 칭송은 아테네를 잃지 않으려는 그들의 결의에 찬 단언 속에서, 이런 전사들이 고결하게 싸우고 순직한 아테네의 것입니다); and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause(그리고 생존자 개개인이 아테네의 대의 속에서 돌아가신 분들을 애도하는 고통은 당연합니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Rather, the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours[소유대명사=the admiration], since[현재완료의 계속=because] we have not left our power without witness, but have shown it[=our power] by mighty proofs; and far from[이외에] needing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave[목적어는 the impression] to melt at the touch of fact, we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring[force A to B: 삼라만상이 우리의 용맹성에 감탄하다], and everywhere, whether[삽입 부사절: 선이든 악이든지] (our daring is) for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us. Such[그러한 칭송을 받을 자격은 바로 아테네를 일컬음] is the Athens for which[관계대명사: 선행사는 the Athens] these men[아테네를 위해 순국한 전사들], in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died (for the Athens); and [도치문: every ~ survivors may well be ready to ~]well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.
[단어분석]
†succeeding [səksíːdiŋ] a. 계속되는, 다음의, 계속 일어나는. / panegyrist [pæ̀nədʒírist, -ʤái-, -́--̀-] n. 찬사의 글을 쓰는 사람; 상찬자(賞讚者), 찬양자. / ‡verse [vəːrs] n. ① 운문, 시(詩). [cf.] prose. ★ poetry에 비해서 내용보다 시형(詩形)을 문제로 함. / ‡charm [tʃɑːrm] ―vi. ① 매력적이다, 매력을 갖다. ② 마법을 걸다. / ‡melt [melt] v. (∼ed [méltid]; ∼ed, molten [móultən]) ―vi. ① 『∼/ +전+명』 녹다, 용해하다. ② 『+부/ +전+명』 서서히 사라지다. / imperishable [impériʃəbəl] a. 불멸의, 불후의(indestructible), 영속적인(everlasting). / †assertion [əsə́ːrʃən] n. U 단언, 주장; C (자기 개인의) 언설(言說). / ⁂cause [kɔːz] n. U,C ① 원인([opp.] effect); 이유(reason); 까닭, 근거, 동기(for). [SYN.] ⇨ ORIGIN. ② 주의, 주장; 대의, 큰 목적(object), ┅(을 위한) 운동(for; of).
[동의어/반의어]
succeeding v. accomplish[əkɑ́mpliʃ], achieve[ətʃíːv], flourish[flə́ːriʃ], prosper[prɑ́spər], ensue[ensúː], follow[fɑ́lou], replace[ripléis], supersede[sùːpəərsíːd], supplant[səplǽnt] 밀어내다 ant. fail[feil] precede[prisíːd] 앞서다
assertion n. avowal[əváuəl, contention[kənténʃən], declaration[dèkləréiʃən], proclamation[prɑ̀kləméiʃə], pronouncement[prənáunsmənt], statement[stéitmənt] ant. denial[dináiəl]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length upon the character of our country, it has been to show that our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs who have no such blessings to lose, and also that the panegyric of the men over whom I am now speaking might be by definite proofs established. That panegyric is now in a great measure complete; for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and their like have made her, men whose fame, unlike that of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with their deserts. And if a test of worth be wanted, it is to be found in their closing scene, and this not only in cases in which it set the final seal upon their merit, but also in those in which it gave the first intimation of their having any.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length upon the character of our country(실제로 만일 제가 우리 조국의 이런 기질 토대 위에서 오래 살아 왔다면), it has been to show that our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs who have no such blessings to lose(이 전투에서의 우리의 이해관계는 잃을 축복이 없는 적국의 그들의 것과 다르고), and also that the panegyric of the men over whom I am now speaking might be by definite proofs established(그리고 또한 제가 지금 말하고 있는 이분들에 대한 칭송은 분명한 증거로 확립된 것 을 보여주고 있습니다). That panegyric is now in a great measure complete(그 찬양은 위대한 척도에서 더할 나위가 없습니다); for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and their like have made her(왜냐하면 제가 기리는 아테네는 이들과 그들의 비슷한 장렬함만 만든 것이기 때문입니다), men whose fame, unlike that of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with their deserts(대부분의 그리스 사람의 명성과 다른, 명성을 소유한 사람들은 그들의 공적에 단지 상응하는 것이 될 것입니다). And if a test of worth be wanted(그리고 만일 증거가 필요하다면), it is to be found in their closing scene(그 증거는 그들의 마지막 무대에서 발견될 것이고), and this not only in cases in which it set the final seal upon their merit(이것은 그들의 공적을 결정적으로 하는 경우에 발견될 뿐만 아니라), but also in those in which it gave the first intimation of their having any(그것이 그들이 어떠한 공적을 갖고 있다는 첫 번째 암시를 한 경우에서도 발견되어질 것입니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Indeed if I have dwelt at some length[오랜 기간] upon the character of our country, it[가주어] has been to show that[진주어] our stake in the struggle is not the same as theirs[=their state: 그들의 이해관계에 속한 사람들] who have no such blessings to lose, and also that the panegyric of the men over whom[목적격 관계대명사] I am now speaking (over men)[제가 지금 말하고 있는 분들에 대한 칭송] might be by definite proofs established. That panegyric is now [삽입구]in a great measure complete[보어인 형용사]; for[=because] the Athens that I have celebrated[목적어는 the Athens] is only what the heroism of these and their like[이들과 그들의 비슷한 장렬함] have made her[made A[her] B[what] : 5형식], men whose fame[명성을 갖은 사람들], unlike[전치사] that[=fame] of most Hellenes, will be found to be only commensurate with[단지 ~에 상응하는] their deserts. And if a test of worth (should) be wanted, it is to be[ found A[in their closing scene], and this not only (is to be found) B[in cases] in which it set the final seal upon their merit, but also (is to be found) C[in those (cases)] in which it gave the first intimation of their having any (merit).
[단어분석]
at some length 상당히 자세하게[길게]. / ‡stake [steik] n. 이해(관계) (interest), (개인적) 관여. / ‡establish [istǽbliʃ] vt. ① 확립하다, 설치[설립]하다, 개설[창립]하다, (제도·법률 등을) 제정하다. ② (선례·습관·소신·요구·명성 등을) 확립하다, 확고히 굳히다, 일반에게 확인시키다, 수립하다. / ⁂measure [méʒəːr]n. ① U 치수, 분량; 크기, 무게, 길이, 말수(斗數). ② U,C 한도, 한계, 정도; 표준, 적도(適度). / †heroism [hérouìzəm] n. U 영웅적 자질, 장렬, 의열(義烈); C 영웅적 행위. / ‡fame [feim] n. U ① 명성, 명예, 성망. ② 평판, 풍문; (고어) 세평, 소문. / commensurate [kəménʃərit] a. 같은 양[면적, 크기]의, 동연(同延)의(with), 같은 시간의; 비례한, 균형이 잡힌, 상응한(to; with); =COMMENSURABLE / desert [dizə́ːrt] n. ① 상[벌]을 받을 만한 가치[자격], 공과(功過); (종종 pl.) 당연한 보답, 응분의 상[벌]. ② 공적(merit); 미덕. / set the seal on ┅을 결정적인 것으로 하다. / intimation [ìntəméiʃən] n. U,C 암시, 넌지시 비춤 (hint); 통지, 통고, 발표.
[동의어/반의어]
establish v. found[faund], initiate[iníʃièit], institute[ínstətjùːt], organize[ɔ́ːrgənàiz], ensconce[inskɑ́ns] 몸을 편히 앉히다, install[instɔ́ːl], settle[sétl], situate[sítʃuèit], authenticate[ɔːɵéntikèit] 입증하다, confirm[kənfə́ːrm], prove[pruːv], validate[vǽlədèit], verify[vérəfài] ant. dissolve[dizɑ́lv], uproot[ʌprúːt] disprove[disprúːv]
For there is justice in the claim that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfections; since the good action has blotted out the bad, and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual. But none of these allowed either wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit, or poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and riches to tempt him to shrink from danger.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
For there is justice in the claim that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfections(왜냐하면 조국의 전쟁에서 불면의 신념은 한 개인의 다른 결함을 덮어주는 망토로서의 역할이 되어야한다는 주장은 당연하기 때문입니다) ; since the good action has blotted out the bad(선행이 악행을 섬멸했기 때문에), and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual(그리고 한 시민으로서 그의 공적이 한 개인으로서의 결점을 훨씬 능가했기 때문입니다). But none of these allowed either wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit(그러나 이런 어떠한 것도 그의 용기를 잃게 하는 미래의 향락의 측면에서 부를 허락하지 않았거나-부로 인해 사기가 떨어지는 일), or poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and riches to tempt him to shrink from danger(그를 위험으로부터 움츠리게 유혹하는 하루의 자유와 부의 바람에서 결핍을 허락하지 않았습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
For[=Because] there is justice in the claim[~라 주장하는 것은 당연하다] that steadfastness in his country’s battles should be as a cloak[~로서의 역할을 하다] to cover a man’s other imperfections; since[접속사: ~이후로 계속해서] the good action has blotted out the bad (action), and his merit as[전치사: ~로서 a citizen more than outweighed[~능가한 것 이상이었다] his demerits as an individual. But none of these allowed either[either A or B: A나 B중 어느 하나] wealth with its prospect of future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit[부로 인해 사기가 떨어지는 것], or poverty[wealth와 대조를 이룸] with its hope of a day of freedom and riches[단 하루 편하고자하는 부족한 정신] to tempt him to shrink from danger.
[단어분석]
‡steadfast [stédfæ̀st, -fəst] a. 확고 부동한, 고정된, (신념 등) 불변의, 부동의. / ‡cloak [klouk] n. ① (보통 소매가 없는) 외투, 망토. ② 덮는 것(covering), 가면. ③ 구실(pretext), 은폐하는 수단. / †imperfection [ìmpərfékʃən] n. ① U 불완전(성). ② C 결함, 결점./ blot out ⇨―vt.④; (글자·기억을) 지우다, 없애다; (적·도시 등을) 진멸하다. / ‡merit [mérit] n. ① U,C 우수함, 가치; 장점, 취할 점. [SYN.] ⇨ WORTH. ② (보통 pl.) 공적, 공로, 훈공 / demerit [diːmérit] n. 결점, 결함, 단점 / outweigh [àutwéi] vt. ┅보다 무겁다; ┅보다 중요하다; ┅보다 가치가[세력이] 있다. / unnerve [ʌnnə́ːrv] vt. (아무의) 용기를[기력을, 결단력을, 확신을] 잃게 하다, 무기력화하다. / ‡enjoyment [endʒɔ́imənt] n. ① C 즐거움, 기쁨; 유쾌. ② U 향략; 향유, 향수(享受). / ‡prospect [prɑ́spekt / prɔ́s-] n. ① 조망(眺望), 전망; 경치. ② 예상, 기대; (종종 pl.) (장래의) 가망 / ‡poverty [pɑ́vərti / pɔ́v-] n. U ① 가난, 빈곤([opp.] wealth). ② 결핍, 부족(of; in). / ‡shrink [ʃriŋk] v. (shrank [ʃræŋk], shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]; shrunk, shrunken [ʃrʌ́ŋkən]) ―vi. ① 『∼/ +전+명/ +부』 (천 따위가) 오그라들다. (수량·가치 등이) 줄다(up; away). ② 『+전+명/ +부』 움츠리다(up), 겁내다, 위축되다(at) /
[동의어/반의어]
steadfast a. constant[kɑ́nstənt], faithful[féiɵfəl], firm[fəːrm], staunch[stɔːntʃ], unfailing[ʌnféiliŋ], unwavering[ʌnwéivəriŋ ant. vacillating[vǽsəlèitiŋ
unnerve v. frighten[fráitn], intimidate[intímədèit], scare[skɛəːr], upset[ʌpsét], worry[wə́ːri] ant. assure[əʃúər]
prospect n. chance[tʃæns], likelihood[láiklihùd], possibility[pɑ̀səbíləti], probability[prɑ̀bəbíləti], anticipation[æntìsəpéiʃən], expectation[èkspektéiʃən], hope[houp], promise[prɑ́mis], prospects[prɑ́spekts] clients,kláiənts], customers[kʌ́stəmərs], outlook[áutlùk], scene[siːn], view[vjuː] v. explore[iksplɔ́ːr], investigate[invéstəgèit] search[səːrtʃ]
poverty n. destitution[déstətjùːʃən], impoverishment[impɑ́vəriʃmənt], indigence,[índidʒəns] penury[pénjəri], privation[praivéiʃən], dearth[dəːrɵ], insufficiency[ìnsəfíʃənsi], meagerness[míːgəːrnis], paucity[pɔ́ːsəti], scarcity[skɛ́əːrsəti]
ant. wealth[welɵ] abundance[əbʌ́ndəns]
No, holding that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings, and reckoning this to be the most glorious of hazards, they joyfully determined to accept the risk, to make sure of their vengeance, and to let their wishes wait; and while committing to hope the uncertainty of final success, in the business before them they thought fit to act boldly and trust in themselves. Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting, they fled only from dishonour, but met danger face to face, and after one brief moment, while at the summit of their fortune, escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
No(그렇습니다), holding that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings(그들의 적에 대한 복수심은 어떤 개인의 저주 보다 더 바람직했다는 생각과), and reckoning this to be the most glorious of hazards(그리고 이것이 모험 중에서 가장 영광스러운 것으로 생각하였던), they joyfully determined to accept the risk, to make sure of their vengeance, and to let their wishes wait(그들은 기꺼이 위험을 무릎 쓰기로, 그들의 복수를 반드시 하기로, 그리고 그들의 소망이 실현되기를 결심했습니다); and while committing to hope the uncertainty of final success(그리고 마지막 성공의 불확실성을 기대는 것 대신), in the business before them(그들 앞에 놓여있는 상황에서) they thought fit to act boldly and trust in themselves(그들은 용감히 일어서 그들 자신을 믿는 것만이 옳다고 생각했습니다). Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting(그리하여 굴복하여 목숨을 건지니 차라리 저항하다 죽을 것을 선택한), they fled only from dishonour, but met danger face to face(그들은 불명예로부터 빠져나와 전면으로 위험과 대적했습니다), and after one brief moment(그리고 마지막 순간에), while at the summit of their fortune(마지막 목숨이 있는 동안에도), escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory(그들은 두려움이 아닌 그들의 영광을 바라지 않았습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
No[앞 문장이 부정이므로 : ‘그렇습니다’로 해석], holding[=thinking] that vengeance upon their enemies was more to be desired than any personal blessings, and reckoning[=considering] this to be the most glorious of hazards, they joyfully determined [A]to accept the risk, [B]to make sure of their vengeance, and [C]to let their wishes wait; and while committing[분사구문: =they committed] to hope the uncertainty of final success, in the business before them[그들 앞에 놓여있는 상황 하에서] they thought[think A B: B를 A를 생각하다] fit to act boldly and trust in themselves. Thus choosing[분사구문: After they chose] to die resisting, rather than[~라기 보다는] to live submitting, they fled (not) only from dishonour, but (also) met danger face to face, and after one brief moment[찰나의 순간 이후, 마지막 순간에], while (they were) at the summit of their fortune[그들의 행운의 정상에 있는, 마지막 목숨이 있는], escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory[영광으로부터 탈출하다=[의역] 영광을 바라지 않았다].
[단어분석]
hold 생각하다; (을) ┅라고 생각하다, 평가하다; 판정하다 / ‡vengeance [véndʒəns] n. U,C 복수, 원수 갚기, 앙갚음. / ‡blessing [blésiŋ] n. ① 축복(의 말); 식전[식후]의 기도. ② 「반어적」 저주(하기). / ‡reckon [rék-ən] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+(to be)보/ +목+전+명』 (┅로) 보다, 간주하다(consider), 판단[단정]하다, 평가하다(as; for). ② (구어) 생각하다(특히 ((미국)에서는 삽입적으로도 쓰임)); (영국속어) 좋다고[가망 있다고] 생각하다. / ‡glorious [glɔ́ːriəs] a. ① 영광스러운, 명예[영예]로운. ② 영광에 넘치는, 이름 높은. / †hazard [hǽzərd] n. ① 위험, 모험; 위험요소; 운에 맡기기; 우연, 운. [SYN.] ⇨ DANGER. / ‡commit [kəmít] vt. (-tt-) ① 『+목+전+명』 위임하다, 위탁하다; 회부하다. ② 『+목+전+명』 (기록·기억·처분·망각 등에) 맡기다, 부치다(to). /
[동의어/반의어]
vengeance n. reprisal[ripráiz-əl, retaliation[ritæ̀liéiʃ-ən], v. avenge[əvéndʒ], punish[pʌ́niʃ], repay[riːpéi], retaliate[ritǽlièit], vindicate[víndəkèit] ant. pardon[pɑ́ːrdn] forgive[fəːrgív]
glorious a. gorgeous[gɔ́ːrʤəs], magnificent[mægnífəsənt], marvelous[mɑ́ːrv-ələs], superb[suːpə́ːrb], splendid[spléndid], consummate[kənsʌ́mət] 완전한, divine[diváin], sublime[səbláim], lustrous[lʌ́strəs], transcendent[trænséndənt], bright[brait], brilliant[bríljənt], radiant[réidiənt], resplendent[rispléndənt] ant. terrible[térəb-əl] dull[dʌl]
Athena Mourning”So died these men as became Athenians. You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier issue. And not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country, though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker even before an audience so alive to them as the present, you must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes upon her from day to day, till love of her fills your hearts; and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you, you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor, but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution that they could offer. [Image: Athena mourning a dead Greek hero; fifth-century marble relief in the Acropolis Museum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
Athena Mourning(아테네는 애도합니다). So died these men as became Athenians(이분들은 아테네인이 되고자 목숨을 바쳤습니다). You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field(생존자 여러분들도 전장에서 단호한 결심을 하신 것이 틀림없습니다), though you may pray that it may have a happier issue(비록 행운이 따르기를 기도했을지라도). And not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country(여러분의 조국수호와 결부된 단지 몇 마디의 편의에 기인한 생각에 만족하지 않고), though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker even before an audience so alive to them as the present(비록 현재와 같이 그들에게 너무나 생생했던 것처럼 청중들 앞에서 조차 이러한 생각이 연설자에게 어떤 귀중한 연설주제를 줄 것을 바랄지라도), you must yourselves realize the power of Athens(여러분들은 아테네의 국력을 절감했음이 틀림없습니다), and feed your eyes upon her from day to day, till love of her fills your hearts(그리고 조국의 사랑이 여러분의 가슴을 가득 채울 때까지, 여러분은 조국에 만족했음이 틀림없습니다); and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you(그리므로 모든 조국의 위대함이 여러분들에게 밀려오게 될 때), you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this(이것은 시민들이 이 모든 것을 쟁취하도록 한 행동에서 용기, 의무감, 그리고 명예심으로 성취된 것이라 여러분은 분명 생각할 것입니다), and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor(그리고 모험적인 전쟁에서 어떠한 개인적인 실패도 그들로 하여금 용맹한 그들의 조국을 앗아가는 것을 용납할 수 없게 했습니다), but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution that they could offer(그러나 그들은 그것(개인적인 실패)을 그들이 줄 수 있었던 가장 영광스런 공헌으로서 조국의 발아래에 깔아 놓았습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
Athena (is) Mourning. So died these men as became Athenians[so A as B : B처럼 A한: 아테네 시민이 되는 것과 같이 목숨을 받친 것입니다]. You, their survivors, must[조동사: ~임에 틀림없다] determine to have as unfaltering a resolution[as(so)+형용사+a/an+단수명사: 아주 단호한 결단력] in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier issue[신의 가오를 바라다]. And [분사구문] (Because they were) not contented with ideas derived only from words of the advantages which are bound up with the defence of your country, though these would furnish a valuable text to a speaker[연설자에게도 말할 주제를 제공하다] even before an audience so alive to them as the present[지금처럼 그들에게도 너무나 생생했던 것처럼], [주어]you must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes upon her[조국에 대해 만족하다] from day to day, till[접속사:~까지 계속해서] love of her fills your hearts; and then, when all her greatness shall break upon you[~로 밀려오다], you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that[동격접속사] men were enabled to win all this, and (you must reflect) that no personal failure in an enterprise[군사작전] could make them consent to deprive their country of their valor, but they laid it at her feet as[전치사:~처럼] the most glorious contribution that[관계대명사] they could offer[목적어는 the most glorious contribution].
[단어분석]
‡mourn [mɔːrn] v. ―vi. 『+전+명』 ① 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다(for; over). ② 죽음을 애통해하다(grieve); 조상(弔喪)하다, 애도하다. / unfaltering [ʌnfɔ́ːltəriŋ] a. 비틀거리지[흔들리지] 않는, 확고한; 주저하지 않는, 단호한. / ‡derive [diráiv] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 끌어 내다(from); 손에 넣다, 획득하다(from). ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅의 기원을[유래를] 찾다(from) / ‡advantage [ædvǽntidʒ, -vɑ́ːn-, əd-] n. ① U 유리, 이익; 편의. [SYN.] ⇨ PROFIT. ② U 우세, 우월(of something to someone). ③ C 이점, 장점. / ‡furnish [fə́ːrniʃ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+목』 (필요한 물건을) 공급하다, 제공하다, 주다. / ⁂feed [fiːd] v. (p., pp. fed [fed]) ④ 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ┅에게 즐거움을 주다; 만족시키다(gratify). / ♣break on [upon] ┅에 돌연 나타나다; (파도가) ┅으로 밀려오다; ┅이 분명해지다. / ‡deprive [dipráiv] vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 ┅에게서 빼앗다, 박탈하다(of). [SYN.] ⇨ ROB. /
[동의어/반의어]
mourn v. grieve[griːv], lament[ləmént], languish[lǽŋgwiʃ], pine[pain], sorrow[sɑ́rou, sɔ́ːr] ant. rejoice[ridʒɔ́is]
unfaltering a. constant[kɑ́nstənt], dependable[dipéndəbl], reliable[riláiəb-əl], steady[stédi], unwavering[ʌnwéivəriŋ], endless[éndlis], enduring[indjúəriŋ], inexhaustible[ìnigzɔ́ːstəbəl], infallible[infǽləbəl], perfect[pə́ːrfikt], unerring[ʌnə́ːriŋ] ant. inconstant[inkɑ́nstənt], finite[fáinait], fallible[fæ̀ləbəl
advantage n. benefit[bénəfit], blessing[blésiŋ], boon[buːn], privilege[prívəlidʒ], odds[ɑdz/ɔdz], allowance[əláuəns], edge[edʒ], handicap[hǽndikæp̀], gain[gein], interest[íntərist], profit[prɑ́fit] ant. curse[kəːrs] disadvantage[dìsədvǽntiddʒ]
furnish v. equip[ikwíp], gear[giər], outfit[áutfìt], provide[prəváid], rig[rig], stock[stɑk/stɔk] supply[səplái]
For this offering of their lives made in common by them all they each of them individually received that renown which never grows old, and for a sepulcher, not so much that in which their bones have been deposited, but that noblest of shrines wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally remembered upon every occasion on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration. For heroes have the whole earth for their tomb; and in lands far from their own, where the column with its epitaph declares it, there is enshrined in every breast a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it, except that of the heart.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[본문해석]
For this offering of their lives made in common by them all(그들 모두의 똑같은 희생으로) they each of them individually received that renown which never grows old(결코 퇴색되지 않을 명성을 그들 개개인은 받으셨습니다), and for a sepulcher, not so much that in which their bones have been deposited(그들의 유해가 안치된 무덤이라서가 아닌), but that noblest of shrines(가장 숭고한 사당으로서) wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally remembered upon every occasion on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration(전사들의 행동과 이야기로 기념식이 열린 땐 늘 이곳에서 그들의 영광은 영원히 기억될 것입니다). For heroes have the whole earth for their tomb(왜냐하면 영웅들은 그들 묘지로 전 대지를 감싸 안았기 때문입니다); and in lands far from their own(그들 자신의 고향에서 멀리 떨어진 대지에서), where the column with its epitaph declares it(비문 기둥이 그것을 선언하는 곳에서), there is enshrined in every breast a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it, except that of the heart(용기 있는 자들의 기록은 제외하더라도, 기록을 보존할 평판이 없이 써진 기록은 모든 사람들의 가슴 마다 소중히 간직되어 있습니다).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[문법분석]
For[전치사:~을 위해서] this offering of their lives[헌신: 국가에 목숨을 바침] made in common by them all[그들 모두에 의해: 전장에서 순국한 전사들] they each of them[그들 각각] individually received that renown which[관계대명사] never grows[목적어는 that renown] old, and for a sepulcher, not so much that[부사구: 그래서가 아닌] in which[관계대명사:=where 선행사는 a sepulcher] their bones have been deposited[유해가 안치되어 있는], but that[not A but B용법: that[지시대명사]] noblest of shrines wherein[전치사+관계대명사=in which용법] their glory is laid up[저장되어 있다, 놓여 있다] to be eternally remembered upon every occasion[전치사구: 언제나] on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration[그들의 공적을 기념할 때]. For[=because] heroes have the whole earth for their tomb[영웅들을 전 지역에서 기리다]; and in lands far from their own, where[관계부사: ~인 곳에서] the column with its epitaph declares it[비문에 새겨진 영웅들의 명성], there is enshrined[주어는 a record] in every breast[모든 사람들의 가슴마다] a record unwritten with no tablet to preserve it[=a record], except[전치사: ~제외하고] that[=a record] of the heart.
[단어분석]
†offering [ɔ́(ː)fəriŋ, ɑ́f-] n. C,U ① (신에의) 공물, 제물, 봉납(물). ② (교회에의) 헌금, 헌납. ③ 선물(gift). ④ 신청, 제공; 팔 물건, 매물(賣物). / †renown [rináun] n. U 명성, 영명(令名). / †sepulcher, 【영국】 ─chre [sépəlkər] n. ① 묘, 무덤; 매장소 / ‡deposit [dipɑ́zit / -pɔ́z-] v. ―vt. ① 아래에 놓다, 두다; (알을) 낳다. ② 침전시키다, 가라앉히다, 퇴적시키다. / ‡wherein [hwɛərín] ad. (문어) ① 「의문사」 어디에, 어떤 점에서. ② 「관계사」 그 중에, 그 곳에, 그 점에서(in which). / ‡occasion [əkéiʒən] n. ① (특정한) 경우, 때(on), 시(時); 일. ② (┅할) 기회, 호기(好機) (for), 알맞은 때. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPORTUNITY. ③ 중요한 때, 경사스러운 때; 축전(祝典), 행사. ④ U 이유, 근거; 유인(誘因), 원인. / ♣lay up ⑴ 저축[저장]하다; 쓰지 않고 두다. / †commemoration [kəmèməréiʃən] n. U 기념, 축하; C 기념식[축제], 축전; 기념물; (C-) 【영국】 Oxford 대학 기념 축제. / ‡column [kɑ́ləm / kɔ́l-] n. ① 기둥, 원주, 지주; 기둥 모양의 물건. / †epitaph [épətæ̀f, -tɑ̀ːf] n. 비명(碑銘), 비문, 묘비명 / enshrine [enʃráin] vt. ∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ① (성당에) 모시다, 안치하다; 신성한 것으로 소중히 하다, (마음에) 간직하다(in). / ‡tablet [tǽblit] n. ① 평판(平板), 명판(銘板), 기념 액자, 패(牌). ② 작고 납작한 조각(비누·캔디 등). / ⁂heart [hɑːrt] n. ① 심장. ② 용기, 기운. 용기 있는 자, 우수한 사람. /
[동의어/반의어]
deposit v. drop[drɑp], lay[lei], precipitate[prisípətèit] 거꾸로 떨어뜨리다, set[set], accumulate[əkjúːmjəlèit], amass[əmǽs], bank[bæŋk], save[seiv], store[stɔːr] n. alluvium[əlúːviəm] 충적층, 충적토, sediment[sédəmənt] 퇴적물, silt[silt], collateral[kəlǽtərəl], down payment[daun péimənt] (할부금의) 첫 지불액, earnest money[ə́ːrnist mʌ́ni] 계약금 ant. disperse[dispə́ːrs] scatter[skǽtəːr]
commemoration n. carnival[kɑ́ːrnəvəl], feast[fiːst], festival[féstəvəl], gala[gɑ́ːlə], jubilee[dʒúːbəlì:], party[pɑ́ːrti], festivity[festívəti], merrymaking[mérimèikiŋ], revelry[rév-əlri], ceremony[sérəmòuni], commemoration[kəmèməréiʃən], observance[əbzə́ːrvəns], ritual[rítʃu-əl] solemnization[sɑ̀ləmnizéiʃən]
1) ④
2) ②
3) ② 지시대명사[this address] / 나머지는 가주어
4) ④
5) ③
6) ②
7) ⑤
8) ⑤
9) ②
10) ①
11) ①
12) ④
13) ③
14) ④ lenient → offensive
15) ②
25-Duties of American Citizenship by Theodore Roosevelt 본문(완성) 14쪽 21문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
23-George Washington Farewell Address-본문 및 해석(완성) 29쪽 60문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
22-George Washington-Inaugural Address - 본문(완성) 14쪽 35문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
21-A History of Freedom of Thought by John B Bury 본문 및 해석(완성) 4쪽 10문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
20-The Quit India by Mahatma Gandhi-완성 12쪽 46문제 (0) | 2017.11.26 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/NKYjVtMexsI
Friends and Citizens:
①The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States being not far distant, and ②the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, ③it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, ④that I should now ⑤apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the number of those out of ⑥whom a choice is to be made.
[분사구문] (As) the period .... being (is) not far distant, and the time arrived ~, it appears .... that .... : ①(종속절) ~할 시간이 멀지 않았으며, ② ~할 시간이 도달한 지금, ④(주절) that ~은 ③~인 것 같다 /
⑤ apprise A of B : A에게 B를 알리다 / decline + ing(동명사) : ~ 것을 사양하다 /
⑥ whom은 be made의 목적격 관계대명사 : 선출 대상이 될 몇 사람 중에 포함되는 것
Friends and Citizens(친구들과 동포시민 여러분):
The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States being not far distant(미국 행정부를 관리할 한 시민을 새로 선출할 시기가 이제 멀지 않았으며), and the time actually arrived(할 때가 실제로 도달한 지금은) when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust(또 여러분 각자가 그처럼 중요한 신임을 받을 사람의 선출에 대해 생각해야), it appears to me proper(적절한 시점이라고 생각하며), especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice(특히 그러한 결심은 일반 국민의 의견을 더욱 분명히 표현하게 하는데 기여할 수 있다고 봅니다), that I should now apprise you(여러분께 알리는 데) of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made(그러한 선출 대상이 될 몇 사람 중에 포함되는 것을 사양하기로 한 나의 결심을).
- administer [ædmínistər, əd-] v. ―vt. ① 관리하다, 지배[통치]하다. ② 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 (법령·의식을) 집행하다. ③ 베풀다, 주다, 공급하다(to). ④ 『+목+전+명』 (약 따위를) 복용시키다. ⑤ 『+목+목 / +목+전+명』 (사람에게 타격 따위를) 가하다, ┅을 과하다, 지우다, 강제하다. ⑥ 〖법률〗 (유산을) 관리[처분]하다. / employ [emplɔ́i] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+as보/ +목+전+명』 (사람을) 쓰다, 고용하다; (아무에게) 일을 주다. ② 『+목+전+명』 「보통 수동태 또는 재귀용법」 ┅에 종사하다, ┅에 헌신하다. / designate [dézignèit] vt. ① 가리키다, 지시[지적]하다, 표시[명시]하다, 나타내다. ② 『+목+보』 ┅라고 부르다(call), 명명하다. ③ 『+목+전+명/ +목+as보』 지명하다, 임명[선정]하다(to; for); 지정하다. / clothe [klouð] vt. (p., pp. ∼d [-ðd], (고어·문어) clad [klæd]) ① ┅에게 옷을 주다. ② 『+목+전+명』 (비유) 싸다, 덮다; (말로) 표현하다. ③ 『∼목/ +목+전+명』 ┅에게 옷을 입히다. ④ 『+목+전+명』 (권력·영광 따위를) 주다(with). / conduce [kəndjúːs] vi. +전+명』 도움이 되다, 이바지[공헌]하다, (어떤 결과로) 이끌다(to; toward). / apprise, apprize1 [əpráiz] vt. ┅에 알리다, ┅에 통고[통지]하다. /
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/_y2BOW1-FTM
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~4]
Friends and Citizens:
The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States ①being not far distant, and the time actually ②arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may ③conduce a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline ④being considered among the number of those ⑤out of whom a choice is to be made.
1. 위 글의 종류는?1)
① delay ② encouragement
③ rejection ④ appreciation
⑤ consolation
2. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문법적으로 어색한 것은?2)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
3. 위 글의 밑줄 친 'it'가 가리키는 것은?3)
① a new election
② the person
③ the public voice
④ the resolution
⑤ the number
4. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?4)
① 행정부의 새로운 선거가 임박했다.
② 중요한 믿음을 갖은 자를 선택해야 한다.
③ 작가는 지금의 자신의 소신을 밝힌 적기라 생각한다.
④ 자신이 내린 결단을 통보하는 자리이다.
⑤ 자신을 후보자 중 한명으로 선택해 준데 대해 감사한다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/T8xeLuL3SeE
I beg you, at the same time, to ①do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has ②not been taken without a strict regard to all the considerations ③appertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that ④in withdrawing the tender of service, which ⑤silence in my situation might imply, ⑥I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness, but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compatible with both.
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office ⑦to which your suffrages have twice called me have been ⑧a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty and to a deference for what appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that ⑨it would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with motives ⑩which I was not at liberty to disregard, ⑪to return to that retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination to do ⑫this, previous to the last election, had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you; but mature reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea.
① ~간곡히 부탁하다
② not A without B : 반드시 B하여 A한 / 엄격히 숙고한 후에 결심하게 된
③ ~에 속하는
④ service(임기를) the tender(퇴임서) in withdrawing(철회할 때) - [의역] 아무런 움직임을 취하지 아니한 데서
⑤ silence in my situation might imply : 제 사황에서의 침묵이 암시하는, [의역] 이미 짐작한 분도 있을 것으로 사료되는)
⑥ 여러분의 미래이익에 대하 나의 감소된 열정에 영향을 받아서, [직역] 국민 여러분의 향후 이익에 대한 나의 열정이 줄어서가 아니고 / I am influenced by no A(diminution) ~, no B(deficiency of) ~, but C(am supported by) ~ : A나 B가 아닌 C에 의해 영향을 받았다 / both는 no diminution ~ 와 no deficiency of ~ 둘을 가리킴
⑦ your suffrages have twice called me to the office : which의 선행사는 the office - 두 번씩이나 나에게 맡겨주신 직책
⑧ inclination to the opinion ~ and to a deference : ~의 여론과 ~의 존경심에 따른
⑨ it는 퇴임을 가리킴 - 훨씬 일찍 되었어야했길
⑩ 거절할 만큼 자유롭지 않은(뜻을 따르기 위해 불가피하게 접었던)
⑪ 제가 어거지로 끌려간 곳으로 부터의 은퇴(은퇴의 뜻을 떨칠 수 없었던 곳으로 부터) / I had been reluctantly drawn from that retirement /
⑫ this은 ‘사임’을 뜻함
I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to be assured(국민 여러분께서 헤아려 주실 것을 간곡히 부탁 드리고자 합니다) that this resolution has not been taken(이러한 결심을 하게 되었음을) without a strict regard to all the considerations appertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country(책임 있는 국민의 한 사람으로서 국가에 대한 책무와 관련된 모든 요소를 엄격하게 숙고한 후에); and that in withdrawing the tender of service(아무런 움직임을 취하지 아니한 데서), which silence in my situation might imply(이미 짐작한 분도 있을 것으로 사료됩니다), I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your future interest(국민 여러분의 향후 이익에 대한 나의 열정이 줄어서도 아니고), no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness(지금까지 나에게 보내주신 국민 여러분의 애정에 대한 감사와 존경이 없어서도 아니며), but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compatible with both(오로지 그런 결정이 양쪽 모두에게 부합되는 순전한 양심에 의해 였습니다).
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in(수락하고 지금까지 수행하여 온 것은 ), the office to which your suffrages have twice called me(국민 여러분께서 투표로써 두 번씩이나 나에게 맡겨주신 대통령직을) have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty(오로지 국가에 대한 의무를 다할 것을 요구하는 여론과) and to a deference for what appeared to be your desire(국민 여러분의 뜻을 따르기 위하여). I constantly hoped(지속적으로 바랬습니다) that it would have been much earlier in my power(오히려 지금 보다 더 일찍 대통령직에서 퇴임하고자), consistently with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard(국민 여러분의 뜻을 따르기 위하여 불가피하게 접었던), to return to that retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn(은퇴의 뜻을 떨칠 수 없었으며). The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election(사실, 지난 대통령 선거 전에는 퇴임하고자 하는 나의 욕심이 강한 나머지), had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you(국민 여러분께 드릴 고별 연설문까지 준비한 바 있습니다); but mature reflection on(심사 숙고한 끝에) the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations(그러나, 당시 외국과의 복잡하고 중요한 상황과), and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence(주변의 한결 같은 만류를), impelled me to abandon the idea(퇴임의 뜻을 접게 되었습니다).
- appertain [æ̀pərtéin] vi. 속하다(to); 관련되다(relate)(to). / tender [téndəːr] n. ① a) 제출, 제공, 신청; / withdraw [wiðdrɔ́ː, wiɵ-] v. (-drew [-drúː]; -drawn [-drɔ́ːn]) ―vt. (제의·신청 등을) 철회하다; 취소하다; (소송을) 취하하다 / diminution [dìmənjúːʃən] n. ① U 감소, 감손, 축소; 저감(低減); C 감소액[량, 분]. / deficiency [difíʃənsi] n. U,C 결핍, 부족, 결여; 영양부족, 영양소 결핍; U,C 결손; 결함; C 부족분[액·량]. [opp] sufficiency. / conviction [kənvíkʃən] n. ① U,C 신념, 확신. [SYN.] ⇨ CONFIDENCE. ② U 설득(력), 설득행위. ③ U 죄의 자각, 양심의 가책. / hitherto [hìðərtúː] ad. 지금까지(는), 지금까지로 봐서는 (아직). / suffrage [sʌ́fridʒ] n. U 찬성투표; 동의, 찬성. / deference [défərəns] n. U 복종; 존경, 경의(to), / disregard [dìsrigɑ́ːrd] vt. 무시하다, 문제시하지 않다; 경시하다(ignore). [SYN.] ⇨ NEGLECT. / confidence [kɑ́nfidəns / kɔ́n-] n. U ① (남에 대한) 신용, 신뢰. [SYN.] ⇨ BELIEF. ② C 속내 말; 비밀, 내밀한 일. ③ (자기에 대한) 자신, 확신. [opp.] diffidence. ④ 대담, 사기. /
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/Fx1wfDuskOI
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [5~10]
I beg you, at the same time, to ①do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has not been taken without a strict regard to all the considerations appertaining/appertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that in ㉠withdrawing the tender of service, which silence in my situation might imply, I am influenced by ②no diminution of zeal for your future interest, ③no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness, but am supported by a full conviction that the step is ㉡compatible with Ⓐboth.
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office from which/to which your suffrages have twice called me have been a ④uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty and to a ㉢deference for what appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that Ⓑit would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with motives which I was ⑤not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination to do Ⓑthis, previous to the last election, had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you; but mature ㉣reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled for/entitled to my confidence, impelled me to ㉤accept the idea.
5. 위 글에 나타난 지은이의 심정은?5)
① pleased ② sorry
③ sad ④ cool
⑤ impatient
6. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 각각의 우리말 번역이 어색한 것은?6)
① do me the justice (저의 마음을 헤아려주다.)
② no diminution of zeal (열정이 감소되지 않음)
③ no deficiency of grateful respect
(감사와 존경심이 없어서가 아님)
④ uniform sacrifice of inclination (오로지 희생하는 정신)
⑤ not at liberty to disregard (자유를 기구하여)
7. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어를 고르시오.7)
① appertaining from which entitled for
② appertaining to which entitled to
③ appertaining to to which entitled for
④ appertaining to from which entitled to
⑤ appertaining to to which entitled to
8. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것을 쓰시오.8)
9. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤중, 문맥상 어색한 단어는?9)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
10. 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?10)
① 작가는 자신의 결정을 간곡하게 이해를 구한다.
② 작가는 두 번씩이 직책을 거부했다.
③ 작가는 미래의 대한 열정이 떨어졌다.
④ 작가는 노련으로 쇠약하여 공직을 떠나려 한다.
⑤ 작가의 고집으로 인해 주의 참모들은 괴로웠다.
I b____ you, at the same time, to do me the j_____ to be assured(국민 여러분께서 헤아려 주실 것을 간곡히 부탁드리고자 합니다) that this r______ has not been taken(이러한 결심을 하게 되었음을) w______ a strict regard to all the considerations a_______ to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country(책임 있는 국민의 한 사람으로서 국가에 대한 책무와 관련된 모든 요소를 엄격하게 숙고한 후에); and that in w________ the tender of service(아무런 움직임을 취하지 아니한 데서), which silence in my situation might imply(이미 짐작한 분도 있을 것으로 사료됩니다), I am influenced by no d_________ of zeal for your future interest(국민 여러분의 향후 이익에 대한 나의 열정이 줄어서도 아니고), no d_______ of grateful respect for your past kindness(지금까지 나에게 보내주신 국민 여러분의 애정에 대한 감사와 존경이 없어서도 아니며), but am supported by a full c_______ that the step is compatible with both(오로지 그런 결정이 양쪽 모두에게 부합되는 순전한 양심에 의해 것 이였습니다).
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in(수락하고 지금까지 수행하여 온 것은 ), the office to which your s________ have twice called me(국민 여러분께서 투표로써 두 번씩이나 나에게 맡겨주신 대통령직을) have been a uniform s_______ of inclination to the opinion of duty(오로지 국가에 대한 의무를 다할 것을 요구하는 여론과) and to a d________ for what appeared to be your desire(국민 여러분의 뜻을 따르기 위하여). I constantly hoped(지속적으로 바랬습니다) that it would have been much earlier in my power(오히려 지금 보다 더 일찍 대통령직에서 퇴임하고자), c________ with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard(국민 여러분의 뜻을 따르기 위하여 불가피하게 접었던), to return to that retirement from which I had been r_________ drawn(은퇴의 뜻을 떨칠 수 없었으며). The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election(사실, 지난 대통령 선거 전에는 퇴임하고자 하는 나의 욕심이 강한 나머지), had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you(국민 여러분께 드릴 고별 연설문까지 준비한 바 있습니다); but m_______ reflection on(심사숙고한 끝에) the then p________ and c________ posture of our affairs with foreign nations(그러나, 당시 외국과의 복잡하고 중요한 상황과), and the u________ advice of persons entitled to my confidence(주변의 한결 같은 만류를), i__________ me to abandon the idea(퇴임의 뜻을 접게 되었습니다).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/QuApwzvvD54
I rejoice that the state of your concerns, ①external as well as internal, ②no longer ③renders the pursuit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety, and am persuaded, ④whatever partiality may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove my determination to retire.
⑤The impressions with which I first undertook the arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge of this trust, I will only say that I have, with good intentions, ⑥contributed towards the organization and administration of the government the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. ⑦Not unconscious in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications, ⑧experience in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself; and every day ⑨the increasing weight of years admonishes me more and more that the shade of retirement is ⑩as necessary to me as it will be welcome. ⑪Satisfied that if any circumstances have given peculiar value to my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe that, while choice and prudence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid it.
① B as well as A : A뿐만 아니라 B도 - 국내외의
② 더 이상 ~않는
③ 의무감에 맞지 않는 기분에 따르는(의무감을 쫓는)
④ 어떠한 편견이 제 공직기간 동안 계속 되었을지라도(부적절한 국가에 대한 의무를 저버리는 것으로)
⑤ I first undertook the arduous trust with the impressions 네가 이 막중한 책무를 처음 맡았을 때의 감회는
⑥ contribute towards B A : A를 B에 기여하다 / a very fallible judgment was capable of the best exertion 아주 잘못된 판단이 최고의 전력을 다했다. [의역] 잘못된 판단을 내렸다.
⑦ (Though I was) Not unconscious ~, 처음부터 나의 능력이 부족함을 모르지 아니하였으나
⑧ experience (in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of others) has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself. 제 스스로의 경험은 능력의 부족함을 더욱 절감하게 만들었다
⑨ the increasing weight ~ admonishes me ~ that ~ 더 더욱 힘든 무게감이 저로 하여금 ~하도록 훈계합니다
⑩ 앞으로 환영받듯 저에게도 필요한(국민 여러분께서도 환영하리라)
⑪ (Because I am) Satisfied that ~, I have the consolation ~
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/QuApwzvvD54
I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal(이제 국내외 상황에 대한 국민 여러분의 염려가), no longer renders the pursuit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety(더 이상의 의무감에서 해방되어), and am persuaded(믿게 되었다(설득 되었다)), whatever partiality may be retained for my services(부적절하거나 국가에 대한 의무를 저버리는 것으로), that, in the present circumstances of our country(우리나라의 현 상황에서), you will not disapprove my determination to retire(나의 퇴임 결심을 국민 여러분께서 반대하지 아니할 것으로 믿게 되었습니다).
The impressions with which I first undertook the arduous trust(내가 이 막중한 책무를 처음 맡았을 때의 감회는]) were explained on the proper occasion(적절한 자리에서 이미 밝힌 바 있습니다). In the discharge of this trust(이제 이 책무를 두고 물러나면서), I will only say(국민 여러분께 드리고자 하는 말씀은) that I have, with good intentions, contributed towards the organization and administration of the government the best exertions(내가 정부의 조직과 운영을 위하여 선의로써 최선의 노력을 다하였으나) of which a very fallible judgment was capable(그 과정에 잘못된 판단을 내린 부분도 있을 수 있다는 것입니다). Not unconscious in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications(처음부터 나의 능력이 부족함을 모르지 아니하였으나), experience in my own eyes(나 스스로 처음의 의지에도 불구하고), perhaps still more in the eyes of others(나의 부족함은 국민 여러분의 눈에는 더욱 선명하게 보였으리라 생각됩니다), has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself(능력의 부족함을 더욱 절감하게 되었으며); and every day the increasing weight of years admonishes me more and more that the shade of retirement(또한, 대통령직을 수행한 해가 쌓일수록 나의 부족함에 대한 자책의 무게가 날로 커지면서) is as necessary to me as it will be welcome(이를 국민 여러분께서도 환영하시리라 믿습니다). Satisfied that if any circumstances have given peculiar value to my services(지금까지 내가 대통령직을 수행함으로써 국가에 조금이나마 도움이 된 바가 있다면 그것으로 충분히 만족하며), they were temporary(그것들이 일시적어었던), I have the consolation to believe that(믿으며 이를 위안으로 삼고자 합니다), while choice and prudence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid it(정계를 떠나고자 하는 내 선택이 주의와 분별의 잣대에 비추어 바람직할 뿐 아니라 애국심의 잣대에 비추어서도 그릇되지 아니한 선택이라).
- rejoice [ridʒɔ́is] v. ―vi. ① 『+전+명/ +to do/ +that절』 기뻐하다, 좋아하다, 축하하다(at; in; over; on). / ② 『+전+명』 누리고 있다, 부여되어 있다(in). ―vt. 기쁘게 하다, 즐겁게 하다. / render [réndəːr] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+보』 ┅로 만들다, ┅이 되게 하다. ② a) 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (보답으로서) 주다, 갚다, ┅에 보답하다. b) (조력 등을) 주다, 제공하다; (경의 따위를) 표하다. / propriety [prəpráiəti] n. ① U 타당, 적당; 적정, 적부; 정당. ② U 예의바름, 예모, 교양; (pl.) 예의 범절. / partiality [pɑ̀ːrʃiǽləti] n. U 편파, 불공평, 치우침; (a ∼) 특별히 좋아함(fondness), 편애(for; to); U 부분성, 국부성. / retain [ritéin]vt. ① 보류하다, 보유[유지]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ KEEP. ② (변호사·사환을) 고용하다. ③ (폐지하지 않고) 존속시키다; 계속 사용[실행]하다. ④ 잊지 않고 있다. / fallible [fæ̀ləbəl]a. 틀리기 쉬운, 틀리지 않을 수 없는; (사람이) 속기 쉬운 / diffidence [dífidəns] n. U ① 자신 없음, 망설임, 사양. [opp] confidence. ② 암띰, 수줍음(modesty). / admonish [ædmɑ́niʃ, əd- / -mɔ́n-] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목 / +목+to do / +목+전+명 / +목+that 절』 (아무를) 훈계하다, 타이르다(reprove), 깨우치다; 충고하다, (아무에게) 권고하다(advise). [SYN.] ⇨ ADVISE. ② 『+목+전+명 / +목+that 절』 경고하다(warn), (위험 등을) ㉺ ┅의 주의를 촉구하다(of). ―vi. 훈계[경고]를 주다. / consolation [kɑ̀nsəléiʃən / kɔ̀n-] n. ① U 위로, 위안. ② C 위안이 되는 것[사람]. / prudence [prúːdəns] n. U ① 신중, 세심, 사려, 분별, 빈틈없음. ② 검약(frugality).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/-qN9Q0aniKM
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [11~15]
I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclination ①incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety, and am persuaded, whatever ②partiality may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove my determination to retire.
The impressions with which I first undertook the ③arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. ⒶIn the discharge of this trust, I will only say that I have, with good intentions, contributed towards the organization and administration of the government Ⓑthe best exertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. Not ④conscious in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications, experience in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the motives to ⑤diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing weight of years admonishes me more and more that the shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied that if any circumstances have given peculiar value to my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe that, while choice and prudence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid Ⓒit.
11. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?11)
➀ the Politics : the Power and the Mortality
➁ the Sentiment of Quitting the Political Scene
➂ Out of the Political Scene : Longing and Aspiration
➃ The Presidency : Not easy to be
➄ Not arduous, But happy
12. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?12)
➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄
13. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 암시하는 것은?13)
➀ re-election
➁ disappointment
➂ responsibility
➃ retirement
➄ sacrifice
14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 올바른 우리말 번역은?14)
➀ 잘못된 판단을 수정하고자 최선을 다했다.
➁ 잘못된 판단은 누구의 탓도 아니다.
➂ 잘못된 판단을 내린 부분이 있었다.
➃ 누구나 최선을 다하면 된다.
➄ 판단을 내릴 능력만으로 최선을 다한 것이다.
15. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓒ가 가리키는 것은?15)
➀ 정계를 떠나는 것
➁ 선택과 신중함
➂ 애국심
➃ 나의 공식생활
➄ 대통령 직
I r______ that the state of your concerns, e_______ as well as i________(이제 국내외 상황에 대한 국민 여러분의 염려가), no longer r_______ the pursuit of inclination i________ with the sentiment of duty or propriety(더 이상의 의무감에서 해방되어), and am persuaded(믿게 되었다(설득 되었다)), whatever partiality may be r________ for my services(부적절하거나 국가에 대한 의무를 저버리는 것으로), that, in the present circumstances of our country(우리나라의 현 상황에서), you will not d_________ my determination to retire(나의 퇴임 결심을 국민 여러분께서 반대하지 아니할 것으로 믿게 되었습니다).
The impressions with which I first undertook the a_______ trust(내가 이 막중한 책무를 처음 맡았을 때의 감회는) were explained on the proper occasion(적절한 자리에서 이미 밝힌 바 있습니다). In the d_______ of this trust(이제 이 책무를 두고 물러나면서), I will only say(국민 여러분께 드리고자 하는 말씀은) that I have, with good intentions, contributed towards the organization and administration of the government the best e________(내가 정부의 조직과 운영을 위하여 선의로써 최선의 노력을 다하였으나) of which a very f_______ judgment was capable(그 과정에 잘못된 판단을 내린 부분도 있을 수 있다는 것입니다). Not u________ in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications(처음부터 나의 능력이 부족함을 모르지 아니하였으나), experience in my own eyes(나 스스로 처음의 의지에도 불구하고), perhaps still more in the eyes of others(나의 부족함은 국민 여러분의 눈에는 더욱 선명하게 보였으리라 생각됩니다), has s________ the motives to diffidence of myself(능력의 부족함을 더욱 절감하게 되었으며); and every day the increasing weight of years a_________ me more and more that the shade of retirement(또한, 대통령직을 수행한 해가 쌓일수록 나의 부족함에 대한 자책의 무게가 날로 커지면서) is as necessary to me as it will be welcome(이를 국민 여러분께서도 환영하시리라 믿습니다). Satisfied that if any circumstances have given p_______ value to my services(지금까지 내가 대통령직을 수행함으로써 국가에 조금이나마 도움이 된 바가 있다면 그것으로 충분히 만족하며), they were temporary(그것들이 일시적이었던), I have the c_______ to believe that(믿으며 이를 위안으로 삼고자 합니다), while choice and p________ invite me to quit the political scene, p_______ does not forbid it(정계를 떠나고자 하는 내 선택이 주의와 분별의 잣대에 비추어 바람직할 뿐 아니라 애국심의 잣대에 비추어서도 그릇되지 아니한 선택이라).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/cJspxYXYLvA
①In looking forward to the moment which is intended to terminate the career of my public life, my feelings do not ②permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude ③which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors ④it has conferred upon me; ⑤still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported me; and ⑥for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeal. ⑦If benefits have resulted to our country from these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, and ⑧as an instructive example in our annals, that under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead, amidst appearances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging, in situations in which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism, the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected. ⑨Profoundly penetrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my grave, ⑩as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence; ⑪that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual; that the free Constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that its administration in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete by ⑫so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glory of recommending ⑬it to the applause, the affection, and adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it.
① Before I look forward to : ~을 앞두고
② 감사를 빚의 깊은 인식을 미루는 것을 허락하다. [의역] 감사를 표할 기회를 미루다.
③ owe A to B : A는 B 덕분이다. owe의 목적어는 that debt of gratitude
④ confer A upon B : it(my beloved country) has conferred the many honors upon me 사랑하는 조국이 나에게 부여해 준 수많은 영예
⑤ still more 변함없이 더 더욱 / it(my beloved country) has supported me with the steadfast confidence 저에게 확고한 신뢰로
⑥ I have thence the opportunities of manifesting my inviolable attachment 그렇게 때문에 제가 조국에 대한 애정을 표현할 기회를 누리다 / by services (which are) faithful and persevering 나름의 충직하고 끈질긴 직무 수행을 통하여 / thought (they(services) are) in usefulness unequal to my zeal. 나의 열의에 비하면
⑦ [조건절] A result from B : A는 B로 인한 결과이다. 나의 직무 수행으로 국익에 도움 된 바가 있다면 / let[사역동사] it(our country) always be[원형동사] remembered[수동형] to your praise 이는 결코 나의 공이 아니다(여러분이 받을 칭찬)
⑧ as[전치사] an instructive example in our annals 우리 역사에 교훈이 되는 예로서 / that[an instructive example과 동격절] ~ in which the passions[관계대명사절의 주어], (which are) agitated ~, were[동사] liable to mislead[목적어인 vicissitudes를 수식], amidst appearances (which are) sometimes dubious, vicissitudes ~, in situations in which ~ criticism, the constance[that절의 주어] of your support was[동사] the essential prop of the efforts[보어], and a guarantee ~ effected[보어] /
⑨ [분사구문] (Because I am) Profoundly ~ 이러한 생각을 바탕으로 / I shall[주어의 의지] carry it with me to my grave 바르는 간절한 마음을 무덤까지 가져가고자 합니다.
⑩ as[전치사, ~로써] a strong ~ that[unceasing vows와 동격절] heaven ~ its[heaven] beneficence; 하늘이 멈춤 없이 여러분들에게 자비의 정선된 징표인 끝없는 공약의 강한 흥분으로서 [의역] 신의 가호가 국민 여러분과 함께하고] /
⑪ unceasing vows that ~ beneficence; that ~ perpetual; that ~ maintained; that ~ virtue; that ~ : that의 계속 연결되는 동격절
⑫ so + 형용사 + a/an + 단수명사 : 너무나 세심한 보존과 신중한 활용 / so ~ as ... : ...한 마큼 ~한
⑬ it는 liberty를 가리킴
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/cJspxYXYLvA
In looking forward to the moment which is intended to terminate the career of my public life(내 공직생활의 마지막으로 기록될 퇴임식을 앞두고), my feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude(감사를 표할 기회를 더 이상 미룰 수 없음을 널리 헤아려 주시기 바랍니다) which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has conferred upon me(사랑하는 조국이 나에게 부여해 준 수많은 영예와); still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported me(확고한 신뢰에 대하여); and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment(끈질긴 직무 수행을 통하여 조국에 대한 애정을 표현할 기회를 누릴 수 있었던 데 대하여), by services faithful and persevering(나름의 충직하고 끈질긴 직무 수행을 통하여), though in usefulness(또 나의 열의에 비하여) unequal to my zeal( 나라에 도움된 바는 크지 않았지만). / If benefits have resulted to our country from these services(나의 직무 수행으로 국익에 도움된 바가 있었다면), let it always be remembered to your praise(이는 결코 나의 공이 아니며), and as an instructive example in our annals(우리의 역사에 교훈이 되는 예로서), that under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead(갖가지 서로 다른 열정과 성공에 대한 갈망으로 인하여 흔히 일어날 수 있는 실망스러운 상황의 변화에 대하여), amidst appearances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging(비난의 화살을 퍼부을 수도 있는 불안한 상황 속에서), in situations in which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism(가끔 성공의 탐욕이 비판정신을 묵이한 위치에서), the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts(여러분의 지속적인 지지는 그 노력의 꼭 필요한 지지대였고), and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected(그 계획에 의해 완성된 보장). / Profoundly penetrated with this idea(이러한 생각을 바탕으로), I shall carry it with me to my grave(바라는 간절한 마음을 무덤까지 가져가고자 합니다.), as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence(신의 가호가 국민 여러분과 함께하고); that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual(국민 여러분의 결속과 형제애가 영원하며); that the free Constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained(국민 여러분의 손으로 만든 자유헌법이 신성하게 보존되고); that its administration in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue(헌법의 집행이 모든 부처에서 현명하고 가치롭게 이루어지며); that, in fine(마지막으로), the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty(자유의 보호 아래에서 자유의 축복을 소중히 지키고), may be made complete by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glory(미합중국 국민의 행복이 완전해지기를 ) of recommending it to the applause, the affection(자유를 찬미하고, 사랑하고, 또 얻을 수 있도록 함으로써), and adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it(신중하게 사용하여 아직 자유를 알지 못하는 모든 국가로 하여금).
- terminate [tə́ːrmənèit]v. ―vt. 끝내다; ┅의 최후를 마무리하다, 종결시키다; 해고하다; 한정하다, 경계를 짓다. ―vi. ① 끝나다, 그치다, 종결하다(in). [SYN.] ⇨ END. / permit [pəːrmít] v. (-tt-) ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+to do/ +목+목』 허락하다, 허가하다, 인가하다. / suspend [səspénd] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (매)달다, 걸다. ② 중지하다, 일시 정지하다, 한때 멈추다, 연기하다. ③ 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 정직[정학]시키다, ┅의 특권을 일시 정지시키다. / gratitude [grǽtətjùːd] n. U 감사, 보은의 마음; 사의(謝儀). / confer [kənfə́ːr] v. (-rr-) ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 (칭호·학위 등을) 수여하다, (영예 등을) 증여하다, (은혜 등을) 베풀다. ② 〖폐어〗 「명령형」 (비교) 참조하라(compare)(略: cf.). ―vi. 『+전+명』 의논하다, 협의하다(together; with). / thence [ðens] ad. (고어) 그렇기 때문에; (문어) 거기서부터; (고어) 그 때부터. / manifest [mǽnəfèst]v. ―vt. ① 명백히 하다; 명시하다; (감정을) 드러내다. ② 증명하다; / inviolate [inváiəlit] a. 범하여지지 않은, 손상되지 않은; 더럽혀지지 않은; 신성한. / annals [ǽnəlz] n. pl. ① 연대기, 연대표. ② 역사적인 기록, 역사. / agitate [ǽdʒətèit] -v. ―vt. ① 심하게 움직이다, 흔들어대다. ② 쑤석거리다, 동요시키다; (물결·액체를) 휘젓다. ③ (마음·사람을) 동요시키다, 들먹이다, 흥분시키다 / liable [láiəb-əl]a. ① 책임을 져야 할, 지변[지급]할 책임이 있는.
② 부과되어야 할, (┅할 것을) 면할 수 없는(to; to do); ┅할 의무가[책임이] 있는. ③ 자칫하면 ┅하는, (까딱하면) ┅하기 쉬운(to do) / vicissitude [visísətjùːd] n. C 변화, 변천; U (고어·시어) 순환, 교체; (pl.) 흥망, 성쇠 / countenance [káuntənəns] vt. ┅에게 호의를 보이다; (은근히) 장려[지지]하다; 후원하다; 묵인하다 / constancy [kɑ́nstənsi / kɔ́n-] n. U ① 불변성, 항구성. ② 지조 견고; 절조, 성실; 정절. / prop [prɑp / prɔp] n. ① 지주(支柱), 버팀목, 버팀대. ② 지지자, 후원자, 의지(가 되는 사람). / effect [ifékt] vt. ① (변화 등을) 가져오다, 초래하다. ② 실행하다; (목적 따위를) 성취하다, 완수하다. / penetrate [pénətrèit] v. ―vt. ① 꿰뚫다, 관통하다, 침입하다. ② (빛·목소리 따위가) ┅을 통과하다, 지나가다. ③ ┅에 스며들다; ┅에 침투하다. / incitement [insáitmənt] n. U,C 격려, 고무, 선동, 자극; 자극물, 동기. / choice [tʃɔis] a. (choicer; choicest) ① 고르고 고른, 정선한; 【미국】 (쇠고기가) 상등의. ② 가리는, 까다로운. / beneficence [bənéfəsəns] n. ① U 선행, 은혜; 자선; 덕행. ② C 자선 행위; 시혜물(施惠物)(gift). / brotherly [brʌ́ðərli] a. 형제의; 형제다운; 우정이 두터운, 친숙한. / perpetual [pərpétʃuəl] a. ① 영구의, 영속하는, 종신의. ② 부단한, 끊임없는, 중지하지 않는. [SYN.] ⇨ CONTINUAL / stamp [stæmp] v. ―vt. ① ┅에 인지를 붙이다, ┅에 우표를 붙이다. ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅에 날인하다, ┅에 도장을 찍다; ┅에 ―을 누르다(with). ③ 『+목+전+명』 (마음 등에) (인상·생각 등을) 새겨넣다(with); (인상 등이) (마음 등에) 새겨들다(on, onto). / auspice [ɔ́ːspis] n. ① (새점(占)에 의한) 전조, (특히) 길조. ② (pl.) 후원, 찬조, 보호.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/Sq-Zk_Gp0hs
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [16~20]
①In looking forward to the moment which is intended to terminate the career of my public life, ②my feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has conferred upon me; still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported me; and for the opportunities ③I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from these services, ④let it always be remembered to your praise, and as an instructive example in our annals, that under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead, amidst appearances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging, in situations in which ⑤not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism, the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected. Profoundly penetrated with this idea, ⒶI shall carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence; that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual; that the free Constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that its administration in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glory of recommending Ⓑit to the applause, the affection, and adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it.
16. 위 글에 나타난 연설자의 심정은?16)
① happy ② gloomy
③ miserable ④ transient
⑤ urgent
17. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤가 각각 뜻한 것과 거리가 먼 것은?17)
① resignation ② appreciation
③ satisfaction ④ wish
⑤ happiness
18. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 암시하는 것은?18)
① oblivion ② unforgettableness
③ death ④ complaint
⑤ excitement
19. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ가 가리키는 것은?19)
① a preservation
② a use of this blessing
③ the glory
④ the happiness of the people of these States
⑤ every nation
20. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?20)
① 작가는 공직생활을 마무리하려 한다.
② 작가는 모든 행위는 국민의 지지에서 시작되었다.
③ 신의 축복과 가호를 기원하고 있다.
④ 다른 국가들도 동참하기를 호소한다.
⑤ 자신의 업적이 역사에 영원하길 바라고 있다.
In looking forward to the m________ which is intended to t________ the career of my public life(내 공직생활의 마지막으로 기록될 퇴임식을 앞두고), my feelings do not p________ me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of g________(감사를 표할 기회를 더 이상 미룰 수 없음을 널리 헤아려 주시기 바랍니다) which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has c_________ upon me(사랑하는 조국이 나에게 부여해 준 수많은 영예와); still more for the s___________ confidence with which it has supported me(확고한 신뢰에 대하여); and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of m_________ my inviolable attachment(끈질긴 직무 수행을 통하여 조국에 대한 애정을 표현할 기회를 누릴 수 있었던 데 대하여), by services faithful and p_________(나름의 충직하고 끈질긴 직무 수행을 통하여), though in usefulness(또 나의 열의에 비하여) u_______ to my zeal( 나라에 도움 된 바는 크지 않았지만). / If benefits have resulted to our country from these services(나의 직무 수행으로 국익에 도움된 바가 있었다면), let it always be remembered to your p_________(이는 결코 나의 공이 아니며), and as an instructive example in our a_______(우리의 역사에 교훈이 되는 예로서), that under circumstances in which the passions, a_______ in every direction, were liable to mislead(갖가지 서로 다른 열정과 성공에 대한 갈망으로 인하여 흔히 일어날 수 있는 실망스러운 상황의 변화에 대하여), amidst appearances sometimes d_______, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging(비난의 화살을 퍼부을 수도 있는 불안한 상황 속에서), in situations in which not unfrequently want of success has c________ the spirit of criticism(가끔 성공의 탐욕이 비판정신을 묵인한 위치에서), the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts(여러분의 지속적인 지지는 그 노력의 꼭 필요한 지지대였고), and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected(그 계획에 의해 완성된 보장). / Profoundly p_______ with this idea(이러한 생각을 바탕으로), I shall carry it with me to my grave(바라는 간절한 마음을 무덤까지 가져가고자 합니다.), as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that heaven may continue to you the choicest t_______ of its beneficence(신의 가호가 국민 여러분과 함께하고); that your union and brotherly affection may be p________(국민 여러분의 결속과 형제애가 영원하며); that the free Constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be s_______ maintained(국민 여러분의 손으로 만든 자유헌법이 신성하게 보존되고); that its administration in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue(헌법의 집행이 모든 부처에서 현명하고 가치롭게 이루어지며); that, in fine(마지막으로), the happiness of the people of these States, under the a_______ of liberty(자유의 보호 아래에서 자유의 축복을 소중히 지키고), may be made complete by so careful a preservation and so p_______ a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glory(미합중국 국민의 행복이 완전해지기를 ) of recommending it to the a________, the a________(자유를 찬미하고, 사랑하고, 또 얻을 수 있도록 함으로써), and a_______ of every nation which is yet a stranger to it(신중하게 사용하여 아직 자유를 알지 못하는 모든 국가로 하여금).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/A2ZzJJiLEt8
Here, perhaps, ①I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your welfare, which ②cannot end but with my life, and the apprehension of danger, ③natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present, ④to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments ⑤which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicity as a people. These will be offered to you with the more freedom, ⑥as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive ⑦to bias his counsel. ⑧Nor can I forget, ⑨as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.
⑩Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.
① ought to = should ~하고 싶다. ~해야만 하다. / a solicitude(주어) urge(동사)로 이루워진 문장 / urge + 목적어 + to 부정사 : ‘목적어’가 ‘to 부정사’ 하도록 재촉하다
② 나의 목숨이 다할 때까지 멈출 수 없는
③ danger, (which is) natural to ~자연스레 수반되는 위험
④ to offer to ~ and to recommend ~, some sentiments : offer의 목적어는 sentiments임.
⑤ which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation(형용사 구) and which appear to me로 구성된 문장
⑥ 국민여러분이 물러나려는 친구의 사욕 없는 진언을 알 수 만 있다면 / as = if로 해석하면 됨.
⑦ bias는 동사로 쓰여 his counsel = a parting friend's counsel
⑧ Nor로 문장이 도치됨 = or I can not forget : forget의 목적어는 your indulgent reception
⑨ 용기를 내어
⑩ 도치된 문장 As[Because] the love of liberty is interwoven with every ligament of your hearts : 국민 여러분의 마음속에 이미 자유에 대한 사랑이 깊이 뿌리내리고 있기 때문에
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/A2ZzJJiLEt8
Here, perhaps, I ought to stop(어쩌면 이쯤에서 이 고별사를 맺는 것도 좋을 듯싶습니다). But a solicitude for your welfare, which cannot end but with my life(그러나, 나의 목숨이 다할 때까지 멈출 수 없는 국민 여러분의 복리에 대한 염려와), and the apprehension of danger, natural to that solicitude(그러한 염려에 자연스럽게 수반되는 위험에 대한 걱정으로 인하여), urge me, on an occasion like the present(현재와 같은 상황에서 ~제안하도록 저를 촉구합니다), to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review(몇 가지 소견을 심사와 숙고 끝에), some sentiments which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation(이를 국민 여러분께서 신중하게 숙고하여 주시기 바랍니다), and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicity as a people(국민 여러분의 행복이 영원하기 위하여 더없이 중요하다고 판단되는). / These will be offered to you with the more freedom(여러분들에게 부담없이 드리려 합니다), as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend(국민 여러분의 판단을 흐리게 할 이유가 전혀 없는 벗으로서), who can possibly have no personal motive to bias his counsel(아무런 부담과 사심도 없이 드리는 충언입니다). Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception(나의 소견을 너그러이 받아주셨던 일을 기억하고 용기를 내어 드리는 말씀이기도 합니다) of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion(지금과는 다른 자리였지만 이전에도).
Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts(국민 여러분의 마음속에 이미 자유에 대한 사랑이 깊이 뿌리내리고 있기 때문에), no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment(굳이 나의 충언으로 이를 확인하거나 강화하고자 할 필요는 없을 것입니다).
- solicitude [səlísətjùːd] n. U 근심, 우려(care), 염려(concern)(about); 갈망; 열심; 배려(for); (pl.) 걱정거리. / apprehension [æ̀prihénʃən] n. U (종종 pl.) 염려, 우려, 불안, 걱정(about). / solemn [sɑ́ləm / sɔ́l-]a. ① 엄숙한, 근엄한. ② 장엄한, 장중한. ③ 엄연한, 중대한 / contemplation [kɑ̀ntəmpléiʃən / kɔ̀ntem-] n. U ① 주시, 응시; 정관(靜觀). ② 숙고, 심사(深思), 명상, 관조(觀照). ③ 기대, 예기, 의도, 계획. / inconsiderable [ìnkənsídərəbəl] a. 적은; 중요치 않은, 하잘 것 없는. / felicity [filísəti] n. C 경사; U 더없는 행복(bliss); U (표현의) 교묘함; C 적절한 표현. / disinterested [disíntəristid, -rèst-] a. 사욕이 없는, 청렴[공평]한; (미국구어) 무관심한, 흥미를 갖지 않는. / bias [báiəs] vt. (-s-, ((영국) -ss-) 편견을 갖게 하다, 한쪽으로 치우치게[기울게] 하다; (전극에) 바이어스를 걸다 / indulgent [indʌ́ldʒənt] a. 멋대로 하게 하는, 어하는, 눈감아 주는, 관대한(to). / dissimilar [dissímələr] a. 닮지 않은, 다른(to; from). / ligament [lígəmənt] n. 줄, 끈, 띠; 〖해부학〗 인대(靭帶); (고어) 연줄, 기반(羈絆) /
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/y_-fPdH_Cp0
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [21~25]
Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and the apprehension of danger, natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present, offering/to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicity as a people. These will be offered to you with the more freedom, as you can only see in Ⓐthem the disinterested warnings of a parted/parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive to bias his counsel. Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.
Interweaving/Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.
21. 위 글에 나타난 작가의 심정으로 가리키는 단어와 거리가 먼 것은?21)
① solicitude ② apprehension
③ parting ④ bias
⑤ attachment
22. 위 글에서 작가가 강조하는 핵심은?22)
① your welfare
② solemn contemplation
③ no inconsiderable observation
④ more freedom
⑤ disinteresting warnings
23. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 올바른 단어는?23)
① offering parted Interweaving
② to offer parted Interwoven
③ offering parting Interweaving
④ to offer parting Interwoven
⑤ offering parting Interwoven
24. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?24)
① disinterested warnings ② Americans
③ some sentiments ④ your hearts
⑤ the attachment
25. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?25)
① 작가는 이쯤에서 고별사를 맺고 싶어 한다.
② 작가는 국민 여러분의 복리에 대한 염려한다.
③ 국민 여러분의 신중한 숙고를 바란다.
④ 국민의 판단을 흐리게 했던 벗으로서 유감을 표명한다.
⑤ 국민의 뿌리 깊은 신뢰로 충언을 확인하고 싶지 않다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/WHytC0MZGUg
①The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. ②It is justly so, ③for it is ④a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But ⑤as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, ⑥much pains will be taken, many artifices employed to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; ⑦as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly ⑧estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; ⑨that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; ⑩accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of ⑪every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.
① constitute A B : A를 B로 구성하다.
② It = the unity of government / justly 당연하게 / so = dear to you / 그것은 그럴만한 봐
③ for = because
④ a main pillar of your safety, of your prosperity, and that very liberty로 구성된 문장
⑤ as = though : 예측이 쉬울지라도
⑥ much pains will be taken, many artifices (will be) employed to ~ : 많은 고통이 따를 것이고, 많은 술수가 여러분의 마음 속 진실의 양심을 약화시키고자 쓰일 것입니다.
⑦ as = because / against which는 관계대명사절을 받음 = the batteries of ~ enemies will be constantly ~ directed against your political fortress : 국내외의 적들의 포문은 계속해서 적극적으로 여러분의 정치적 보루의 급소를 / it is of infinite moment = it is infinitely momentous(형용사 구) 아주 중요한
⑧ estimate A to B : B에 대해 A를 평가하다
⑨ (it is of infinite moment) that you should cherish ~ / it = your national union(연방정부)
⑩ accustoming ~; watching ~; discountenancing ~; and indignantly frowning : ~ 습관을 기르고; ~ 감시하고; ~ 반대하고; ~ 분연히 눈살을 찌푸리다(반대하다).
⑪ every attempt to alienate ~, or to enfeeble ~ : 소원케 하거나 약화시키려고 하는 기도
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/WHytC0MZGUg
The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you(여러분을 한 국민으로 구성케 하는 통일된 정부는 지금 여러분에게 소중합니다.). It is justly so(그것은 그럴 만한 바), for it is a main pillar(하나의 큰 기둥이 되기 때문입니다) in the edifice of your real independence(여러분의 진정한 독립의 전당에서), the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad(여러분의 국내 안온과 대외 화친과); of your safety; of your prosperity(여러분의 안전과 번영); of that very liberty which you so highly prize(여러분이 매우 소중하게 여기는 자유를 떠받치는). / But as it is easy to foresee that(쉽게 예견될 뿐 아니라), from different causes and from different quarters(여러 가지 운동과 여러 진영에서), much pains will be taken(많이 애쓸 것이고), many artifices employed to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth(이 같은 진실에 대한 여러분의 확신을 약화시키기 위해); as this is the point in your political fortress(여러분의 정치적 보루의 급소이기 때문입니다) against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed(그것은 국내외 적들의 공격이 끊임없이 또 적극적으로(때로는 은밀하고도 교활하게) 그 포문을 집중시킬),
- pillar [pílər] n. ① 기둥; 표주(標柱), 기념주; 대각(臺脚). ② 기둥 모양의 것; 불기둥; 물기둥; / edifice [édəfis] n. (큰) 건축물, 건물, 전당; (추상적인) 구성물, 조직; (사상의) 체계 / tranquil [trǽŋkwil] a. (more ∼, ∼(l)er; most ∼, ∼(l)est) 조용한, 평온한, (마음·바다 따위가) 차분한, 편안한, 평화로운. / prize [praiz] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+as보』 높이 평가하다, 존중하다; 소중히 여기다. ② 평가하다. / support [səpɔ́ːrt] n. U ① 버팀, 지지, 유지. ② C 지지자[물]; 지주(支柱), 받침기둥; 의지가 되는 것(of). ③ 원조, 후원, 고무, 옹호; 찬성. ④ 양육, 부양; (재정적인) 유지; 생활비. / quarter [kwɔ́ːrtər ] n. (특수한) 방면, 통(通), (정보 등의) 출처(source). (pl.) 숙소, 거처, 주소. (pl.) 〖군사〗 진영, 병사(兵舍). (함선내의) 부서, 배치. / artifice [ɑ́ːrtəfis] n. U 고안(考案), 교묘한 솜씨; C 책략, 술책. / fortress [fɔ́ːrtris] n. ① 요새(지); 성채. ② 「일반적」 안전 견고한 곳 / battery [bǽtəri] n.① 〖군사〗 포열(砲列); 포병 중대; 포대; (군함의) 비포(備砲). / insidious [insídiəs] a.틈을 엿보는, 음험한, 교활한, 방심할 수 없는(treacherous); / immense [iméns] a. ① 막대한(enormous, vast), 무한한, 헤아릴 수 없는; 광대한, 끝없는; 거대한. [SYN.] ⇨ HUGE. ② (구어) 멋진, 훌륭한. / cherish [tʃériʃ] vt. ① 소중히 하다. ② 귀여워하다, 소중히 기르다. / cordial [kɔ́ːrdʒəl / -diəl] a. ① 충심으로부터의, 따뜻한, 성심성의의; 친절한, 간곡한. ② 기운을 돋우는; 강심성(强心性)의. / Palladium [pəléidiəm] n. (pl. -dia [-diə], ∼s) ① Pallas 여신상(특히 Troy의). ② U,C (p-) 수호신[물]; 보장. / jealous [dʒéləs] a. ① 질투심이 많은, 투기가 강한(of). ② 시샘하는, 선망하는(envious)(of). / discountenance [diskáuntənəns] vt. ① 면목을 잃게 하다, 창피를 주다, 쩔쩔매게 하다. ② (계획 따위에) 찬성하지 않다, ┅을 승인하지 않다. / indignant [indígnənt] n.분개한, 성난(at; over; with). ㉺∼ly ―ad. 분연히. / frown [fraun] v. ―vi. ① 『∼/ +전+명』 눈살을 찌푸리다, 얼굴을 찡그리다, 뚱한 표정을 짓다 / alienate [éiljənèit, -liə-] vt. 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① 멀리하다, 소원(疎遠)케 하다(from); 이간하다, 불화(不和)케 하다(from); 소외하다, 따돌리다(from). ② 딴 데로 돌리다; 양도[매각]하다. / enfeeble [infíːbəl, en-] vt. 약하게 하다
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/k3mljMcKVXE
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [26~30]
The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for ①it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, ②it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to ③it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of ④it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that ⑤it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.
26. 위 글의 작가가 주장하는 것은?26)
① real independence
② the unity of government
③ the tranquility in mind
④ the preparation against enemies' potential batteries
⑤ jealous anxiety in any event
27. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 가리키는 대상이 다른 것은?27)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
28. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸에 적절한 표현 어구는?28)
① your political fortress
② the last escaping exit
③ the genuine compromise
④ your enemy's weak point
⑤ the world's peace
29. 위 글에 따라 다음 중, 나머지 넷과 의미가 다른 것은?29)
① independence ② prosperity
③ artifice ④ cordial
⑤ jealous anxiety
30. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?30)
① 정부의 통합은 여러분을 한 국민으로 구성한다.
② 국내의 안정이 국외의 평화보다 더 중요하다.
③ 다른 여러 요인과 진영은 우리의 단합을 해치려 한다.
④ 국가의 통합을 집단적이고 개인적인 행복의 무한한 가치
로 올바르게 평가하는 것이 중요하다.
⑤ 경각심을 늘 갖고, 국가의 신성한 결속을 약화시키는 어
떠한 기대에 대한 분연히 반대하자.
For this ①you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. ②Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism ③more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. ④With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. ⑤You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; ⑥the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successes.
But these considerations, ⑦however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which apply more immediately to your interest. Here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole.
① 여러분은 모든 동기를 갖고 있다. [의역] 여러분은 충분한 이유를 갖고 있다.
② (As you are) Citizens ~, that country ~. 여러분은 출생 또는 선택에 의해 같은 나라의 시민이 되었으므로, 이 나라를 집중적으로 사랑할 의미를 갖습니다.
③ more than any appellation (which is) derived from ~ : 지방의 차별에 기인하는 어떠한 명칭보다도
④ (Though there are) With slight shades of difference,
⑤ You have (in a common) fought and triumphed together; have + p.p and p.p 여러분은 공통의 대의 하에 함께 싸워 승리했습니다.
⑥ the independence and liberty (that) you possess are
⑦ however + 형용사/부사 + 주어 + 동사 : 아무리 ~일지라도(양보절) : 아무리 스스로 강한 호소력을 가진다 할지라도
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest(이를 위해 여러분은 동정과 관심을 불러 일으켜야 할 충분한 이유를 갖고 있습니다). Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country(여러분은 출생 또는 선택에 의해 같은 나라의 시민이 되었으며), that country has a right to concentrate your affections(이 나라를 집중적으로 사랑할 의무를 갖습니다). The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity(여러분의 국민자격을 나타내는 미국인이란 호칭은), must always exalt the just pride of patriotism(더 의로운 애국적 긍지를 높여주어야 합니다) more than any appellation derived from local discriminations(언제나 지방의 차이에 기인하는 어떠한 명칭보다도). With slight shades of difference(일부 차이는 있으나), you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles(여러분은 동일한 종교와 예절과 관습과 정치의 원칙을 갖고 있습니다). You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together(여러분은 공통의 대의 하에 함께 싸워 승리했습니다); the independence and liberty you possess(여러분이 누리는 독립과 자유는) are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successes(공동 회의와 공동 노력, 공통된 위험과 고난과 성공의 소산입니다).
But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility(그러나, 이러한 사실이 국민 여러분의 이성에 아무리 강력한 호소력을 가진다 할지라도), are greatly outweighed(크게 압도될 수밖에 없습니다) by those which apply more immediately to your interest(국민 여러분의 이익에 직결되는 문제 앞에서는). Here(바로 이 점 때문에) every portion of our country(연방을 구성하는 각 지역들) finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole(연방을 수호하고 유지하고자 더욱 노력하여야 하는 것입니다).
- inducement [indjúːsmənt] n. U,C 유인(誘引), 유도, 권유, 장려; 유인(誘因), 동기, 자극(to); / ‡sympathy [símpəɵi] n. U ① U,C 동정, 헤아림; (종종 pl.) 조위(弔慰), 문상, 위문. [opp] antipathy. ② (종종 pl.) 호의, 찬성, 동감, 공명; 〖심리학〗 공감. / ‡affection [əfékʃən] n. ① U,C 애정, 호의(for; toward(s)); (pl.) 애착, 연모. ② U 감정, 감동, 정의. [SYN.] ⇨ FEELING. ③ U 영향. / exalt [igzɔ́ːlt] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (명예·품위 따위를) 높이다; (관직·신분 따위를) 올리다, 승진시키다; 칭찬하다, 찬양하다; 몹시 기쁘게 하다, 의기양양케 하다; (어조·색조 따위를) 강하게 하다, 강렬하게[짙게] 하다; ┅의 활동을[효과를] 강화하다. ―vi. 마음을 고양시키다. / †patriotism [péitriətìzəm / pǽt-] n. U 애국심. / appellation [æ̀pəléiʃən] n. 명칭, 호칭. / discrimination [diskrìmənéiʃən] n. U ① 구별; 식별(력), 판별(력), 안식(in). ② (고어) C 상위점. ③ 차별, 차별 대우. / ‡principle [prínsəpəl] n. ① 원리, 원칙, (물리·자연의) 법칙. [SYN.] ⇨ THEORY. ② 근본 방침, 주의. ③ U 행동 원리, 정의; (pl.) 도의, 절조. ④ 본질, 소인(素因). / outweigh [àutwéi] vt. ┅보다 무겁다; ┅보다 중요하다; ┅보다 가치가[세력이] 있다. / commanding [kəmǽndiŋ / -mɑ́ːnd-] a. 지휘하는; 위풍 당당한; 전망이 좋은; 유리한 장소를 차지한.
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [31~35]
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. ⒶCitizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which ①belongs to you in your national capacity, must always ②exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a ③common cause fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successes.
But these considerations, however ④powerful they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which ⑤apply more immediately to your interest. Here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole.
31. 위 글에서 작가가 강조한 어휘가 관계가 적은 것은?31)
➀ a common country
➁ your affection
➂ national capacity
➃ local discriminations
➄ commanding motives
32. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ의 조건으로 적절하지 않은 것은?32)
➀ common birth ➁ same interest
➂ same appellation ➃ same political principles
➄ common successes
33. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법이나 문맥상 어색한 단어는?33)
➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄
34. 위 글에 나타난 단어의 쓰임이 우리말 표현으로 어색한 것은?34)
➀ belong to ~속하다
➁ inducement 유인, 장려
➂ appellation 명칭, 호칭
➃ commanding 전망이 좋은
➄ exalt 올리다
35. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?35)
➀ 국가의 당신이 사랑을 집중할 권리를 갖는다.
➁ 애국심을 고양 시켜야만 한다.
➂ 종교, 예의, 습과 그리고 정치적 원칙은 차이가 없다.
➃ 독립과 자유는 공동의 노력 통해서 얻어진 소산이다.
➄ 연방을 구성하는 각 지역들은 연방을 수호하고 유지하고
자 더욱 노력하여야만 한다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/1N31N5Oh72I
The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, ①protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds in the productions of the latter great additional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise and precious materials of manufacturing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, ②benefiting by the agency of the North, ③sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. ④Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North, ⑤it finds its particular navigation invigorated; and, while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength, ⑥to which itself is unequally adapted. ⑦The East, in a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior communications by land and water, will more and more find a valuable vent for ⑧the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home. ⑨The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort, and, ⑩what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must ⑪of necessity ⑫owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble community of interest as one nation. ⑬Any other tenure by which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious.
① (under which both are) protected by 보호되는 가운데 / the latter(후자) = the South(남부)
② benefiting by ~의해 혜택을 얻고 있는, benefit(자동사)
③ see(지각동사) its(남부) agriculture grow(원형동사) and its commerce expand
④ Turning A into B : Turning the seamen of the North partly into its own channels 북부의 해운업은 기본 항로를 남부와 일부 활용함으로써
⑤ find A(its particular navigation) B(invigorated) : 해상 운송량이 증가하는 효과를 거두다
⑥ 전치사+관계대명사 : where itself is unequally adapted : 불리한 여건에 대해
⑦ The East ~ finds, and ~ will more and more find ~. 구문임.
⑧ the commodities which it brings from abroad : brings의 목적어는 the commodities
⑨ The West derives (from the East) supplies (which are) requisite to its growth and comfort : 서부는 동부로부터 성장과 편의에 필요한 제품을 공급받는다.
⑩ 삽입 부사구 : 어쩌면 이 보다 더 중요한 것은
⑪ of necessity = necessarily
⑫ own A to B : A는 B 덕분이다
⑬ Any other tenure must be intrinsically precarious : 다른 권리는 빈약할 수밖에 없다 할 것입니다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/1N31N5Oh72I
The North(북부는 ), in an unrestrained intercourse with the South(남부와의 자유로운 교류를 통하여), protected by the equal laws of a common government(공통의 정부의 평등한 법률로 보호받는 가운데 ), finds in the productions of the latter great additional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise and precious materials of manufacturing industry(남부의 산물로부터 해상업과 무역업에 필요한 추가적인 자원과 제조업에 사용되는 귀중한 소재를 확보하고 있습니다). The South, in the same intercourse(남부 역시), benefiting by the agency of the North(활발한 공업 활동이 이루어지는 북부와의 자유로운 교류를 통하여), sees its agriculture grow(농업이 성장하고) and its commerce expand(상업이 확대되는 효과를 거두고 있습니다). Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North(북부의 해운업은 기존 항로를 남부와의 교류에 일부 활용함으로써), it finds its particular navigation invigorated(해상 운송량이 증가하는 효과를 거두고 있으며); and, while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation(이것이 전국적인 해상운송의 총량을 증가시키는 데 다양한 방식으로 기여하고 있으나), it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength( 해상력을 보호받기를 희망하고 있습니다.), to which itself is unequally adapted(불리한 여건에 있는). The East, in a like intercourse with the West(동부 역시 서부와의 자유로운 교류를 통하여), already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior communications by land and water(국내 육상교통과 수상교통이 점진적으로 개선됨에 따라), will more and more find a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home(해외에서 수입하거나 국내 업체에서 생산된 제품을 판매할 귀중한 시장을 이미 확보하고 있으며). The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort(서부는 동부로부터 성장과 편의에 필요한 제품을 공급받고 있는데), and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence(어쩌면 이 보다 더 중요한 것은), it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions(서부의 산물을 판매할 수 있는 귀중한 시장을 확보하고 있다는 점입니다) to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union(연방의 대서양 연안 지역의 힘과, 영향력과, 미래의 해상력에 힘입어), directed by an indissoluble community of interest as one nation(한 국가로서 서로 분리할 수 없는 공동체의 이해에 따라). Any other tenure(다른 권리는) by which the West can hold this essential advantage(얻을 수 있는 이점은), whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign power(이에 비하면 서부가 그 자체의 역량이나 외국과의 부자연스러운 연계를 통하여), must be intrinsically precarious(빈약할 수밖에 없다 할 것입니다).
- unrestrained [ʌ̀nristréind] a. 억제되지 않은, 무제한의, 제멋대로의, 자유로운. / maritime [mǽrətàim]a. ① 바다의, 해상의; 해사(海事)의, 해운의; 해상 무역의. [cf.] marine. ② 해변의, 해안의; 해안에 사는[서식하는]; 바다에 접한 / intercourse [íntərkɔ̀ːrs] n. U ① (인간의) 교제, 교섭, 왕래. ② (국가간의) 교통, 거래. / benefit [bénəfit] v. ―vt. ┅의 이(利)가 되다; ┅에게 이롭다. ―vi. 『+전+명』 이익을 얻다(by; from). / navigation [næ̀vəgéiʃən] n. U ① 운항, 항해; 항해[항공]술[학], 항법(航法). ② 「집합적」 선박(shipping). / invigorate [invígərèit] vt. 원기[활기]를 돋구다, 북돋다. / nourish [nə́ːriʃ, nʌ́r-]vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ┅에 자양분을 주다, 기르다, 살지게 하다. ② 육성하다, 조성하다(promote). ③ (희망·원한·노염 등을) 마음에 품다(cherish). / requisite [rékwəzit] a. 필요한, 없어서는 안될, 필수의(needful)(to; for). [SYN.] ⇨ NECESSARY / indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한, 긴요한(to; for). [SYN.] ⇨ NECESSARY. ② (의무·약속 등을) 게을리[기피]할 수 없는. / tenure [ténjuəːr]n. ① U,C (부동산·지위·직분 등의) 보유; 보유권; C 보유기간; U 보유조건[형태]. ② 재직기간, 임기; U (대학교수 등의) 종신 재직권. / apostate [əpɑ́steit, -tit / əpɔ́stit, -eit] a. 신앙을 버린; 탈당[변절]한. / intrinsic, -sical [intrínsik], [-əl] a. (가치·성질 따위의) 본질적인, 본래 갖추어진, 고유의(inherent) (to; in); 〖해부학·의학〗 내재성[내인성]의. [opp.] extrinsic(al). / precarious [prikɛ́əriəs] a. ① 불확실한, 믿을 수 없는, 불안정한; 위험한, 불안(不安)한(생활 따위). [SYN.] ⇨ UNCERTAIN. ② 지레짐작의, 근거 없는(가설·추측 따위).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/hjMTo0aWnPQ
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [36~40]
The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds in the productions of the ➀former great additional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise and precious materials of manufacturing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefitted/benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand/expanding. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated/invigorating; and, while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength, to which ➁itself is unequally adapted. The East, in a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior communications by land and water, will more and more find a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies ➂requisite to its growth and comfort, and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of ➃indispensable outlets for its own productions for/to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically ➄precarious.
36. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?36)
➀ The South must open its door wider to the West.
➁ The intercourse between two areas is essentially
indispensable.
➂ The West ought to avoid its independent survival.
➃ The trade at home and abroad is necessary at the
present.
➄ To be prosperous in the Union, more products must
be produced.
37. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ➀~➄중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?37)
➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄
38. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?38)
➀ benefitted expand invigorated for
➁ benefiting expanding invigorated for
➂ benefitted expanding invigorating for
➃ benefitting expand invigorated to
➄ benefitted expand invigorating to
39. 위 글을 다음과 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 Ⓐ, Ⓑ에 각각 적절한 단어는?39)
The Ⓐ of the Union brings about more Ⓑ .
➀ development weakness
➁ growth survival
➂ politics development
➃ integration prosperity
➄ collapse wars
40. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?40)
➀ 서부지역은 남부로부터 해상업과 무역업에 필요한 추가
적인 자원을 확보할 수 있다.
➁ 남부지역은 서부와의 활발한 교류를 통하여 농업이 성장
하고 상업이 확대되는 효과를 거둔다.
➂ 남부의 해운업은 북부와 교류에 활용함으로써 행상운송
의 총량을 증가시키는데 기여한다.
➃ 서부는 동부로부터 성장과 편의에 필요한 제품을 공급받
는다.
➄ 서부는 그 자체의 역량이나 외국과의 연계에 빈약할 수
밖에 없다.
①While, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, ⒮all the parts combined ⒱cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts ⒪greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations; and, what is of inestimable value, ②they must ⒱derive from union ⒪an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequently afflict neighboring countries not tied together by the same governments, which their own rival ships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. ③Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty. In this sense ④it is that your union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other.
① While ~ in union[부사절, ~하는 동안], [주절] all the parts (combined 결속된[후치수식]) cannot fail to(반드시 ~하다) find greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security, (and) a less frequent interruption;
② they(all the parts 모든 지역들) must derive an exemption / which(계속적인 용법) so frequently afflict ~, which their own rival ships ~, but which opposite foreign alliances ~ would(~일 것이다) ~.
③ those overgrown military establishments which are ~, and which ~.
④ it[가주어] is that 주어 + 동사, and that 주어 + 동사.
While, then(그렇다면), every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union(우리나라의 모든 지역들이 이같이 연방에 대해 즉각적이고도 특수한 관심을 갖는 한), all the parts combined(연방 하에 결속된 여러분의 모든 지역은) cannot fail to find(어김없이 이룩할 수 있습니다) in the united mass of means and efforts(수단과 노력을 한데 뭉침으로써) greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger(보다 큰 힘, 보다 훌륭한 기략, 따라서 외부 위험으로부터의 보다 큰 안보), a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations(국내평화에 대한 외국 간섭의 축소를); / and, what is of inestimable value(그리고 무한히 소중한 것은), they must derive from union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves(그들(각 주)이 연방을 지킴으로써 그들 상호간에 분쟁과 전쟁을 일으키는 일이 없도록 해야 한다는 것입니다), which so frequently afflict neighboring countries not tied together by the same governments(한 정부 밑에 뭉쳐 있지 못한 이웃 나라들은 번번이 이런 분쟁과 전쟁과 전쟁의 재난을 겪고 있습니다), which their own rival ships alone would be sufficient to produce(이러한 분쟁은 그들이 서로 적대시하기만 해도 일어나기 마련이며), but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter(또 외세와의 동맹, 결탁 또는 음모는 이러한 분쟁을 자극하고 격화 시키게 될 것입니다). / Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty(지나치게 큰 군사기관(군부)은 어떤 정부 하에서건 자유를 위해 이롭지 못하며), and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty(또 특히 공화정적 자유를 위해서는 해로운 것으로 간주되어야 할 것입니다). / In this sense(이러한 목적으로) it is that your union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty(여러분의 연방은 여러분의 자유의 대들보로 간주되어야 하며), and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other(또 여러분의 연방에 대한 사랑은 여러분에게 자유보존의 가치를 고양시켜야 합니다).
- interruption [ìntərʌ́pʃən] n. U,C 가로막음; 방해, 훼사(毁事), 중지, 중절; (교통의) 불통 / inestimable [inéstəməbəl] a. 평가[계산]할 수 없는; 헤아릴 수 없는; 헤아릴 수 없을 만큼 큰(존귀한); 더없이 귀중한. / derive [diráiv] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 끌어 내다(from); 손에 넣다, 획득하다(from). ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅의 기원을[유래를] 찾다(from); 「종종 수동태」 ┅에서 나와 있다, ┅에서 시작하다(from). / proportionable [prəpɔ́ːrʃənəbəl] a. 균형되게 할 수 있는, 비례시킬 수 있는(to); 균형이 잡힌, 조화된(to). / inestimable [inéstəməbəl] a. 평가[계산]할 수 없는; 헤아릴 수 없는; 헤아릴 수 없을 만큼 큰(존귀한); 더없이 귀중한 / exemption [igzémpʃən] n. U,C (의무 등의) 면제(from); 면제되는 사람[것]; (소득) 공제. / broil n. (문어) 싸움, 말다툼, 소동 / afflict [əflíkt] vt. 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 괴롭히다(distress). [SYN.] ⇨ TORMENT. / intrigue [intríːg] n. ① U,C 음모, 밀모(密謀); 술책. ② C 정사, 밀통, 간통(with). / stimulate [stímjəlèit] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+to do/ +목+전+명』 자극하다, 활발하게 하다; 북돋우다(incite); 격려[고무]하다; ┅의 격려가 되다. ② (커피·주류 따위로) 흥분시키다; 〖의학·생리〗 (기관(器官) 따위를) 자극하다. / embitter [imbítər] vt. (약 따위를) 더 쓰게 하다; 몹시 기분나쁘게 하다; 한층 더 비참하게[나쁘게] 하다; 분격(憤激)[실망]시키다. / inauspicious [ìnɔːspíʃəs] a. 불길한, 상서롭지 않은, 재수없는; 불행한, 불운한. / hence [hens] ad. ① 그러므로; 「동사를 생략하여」 이 사실에서 ┅이 유래하다. ② 지금부터, 금후; (고어) 이 자리에서. / likewise [láikwàiz] ad. ① 똑같이, 마찬가지로. ② 또한, 게다가 또(moreover, also, too). / endear [endíər] vt. +목+전+명』 애정을 느끼게[그립게] 하다; 「재귀적」 (남에게) 사랑받다. /
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/rrijf4XR90w
①These considerations ⒱speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and ⒱exhibit the continuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. ②Is there a doubt whether a common government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it. ③To listen to mere speculation in such a case were criminal. ④We are authorized to hope that a proper organization of the whole with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the experiment. ⑤It is well worth a fair and full experiment. ⑥With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those who in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands.
① These considerations speak 간접목적어 to 직접목적어, and exhibit 목적어 as 전치사구.
② Is there a doubt + 목적어[whether ~]?
③ [명사절] To ~ [부사구] in such a case [동사] were [보어] criminal.
④ We are authorized to hope[동사] that[목적어 절] a proper organization of the whole[주어] with the auxiliary ~ subdivisions[부사구], will afford[동사] a happy issue[목적어] to the experiment.
⑤ It is well worth ~ : ~할 충분한 가치가 있다.
⑥ [부사구] With such ~ to union, affecting all parts of our country[union을 수식], [부사절] while ~ its impracticability, [주절] there will always be reason [형용사구] to distrust the patriotism of those who(~하는 사람들) ~ to weaken its bands(연방의 결속을 약화시키려는).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/rrijf4XR90w
These considerations speak a persuasive language(설득력 있는 말로 주장합니다) to every reflecting and virtuous mind(깊은 사려와 덕을 갖춘 모든 국민들에게), and exhibit(보여주다) the continuance of the Union(연방의 지속이) as a primary object of patriotic desire(최고의 애국임을). Is there a doubt(일말의 의구심이 있습니까) whether a common government can embrace so large a sphere(공통의 정부가 그런 넓은 영역을 감당할 수 있는지)? Let experience solve it(경험을 통해 그 의구심이 자연스레 풀리도록 합시다). To listen to mere speculation in such a case were criminal(단순한 추측에 귀를 기울이는 것은 범죄와 다를 바 없습니다). We are authorized to hope(우리는 충분히 희망할 수 있습니다) that a proper organization of the whole(정부를 전체적으로 적절히 조직하면) with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions(정부 내 각 부문을 보조하는 각 부처들과 더불어), will afford a happy issue to the experiment(이러한 실험에서 좋은 결과가 나올 것임을). It is well worth a fair and full experiment(이는 공정하고 완전하게 실험을 할 충분한 가치가 있는 일입니다). With such powerful and obvious motives to union(연방을 향한 강력하고 분명한 동기가), affecting all parts of our country(우리나라 모든 지역에 미치고 있다면), while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability(경험을 통해 연방이 실효성 없는 것으로 증명되는 일이란 있을 수 없겠지만), there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism(주장하는 애국심을 불신할 이유는 항상 있다 하겠습니다) of those who in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands(어느 지역에서나 연방의 유대를 약화시키려는 자들이).
- reflecting 사려 깊은 / †virtuous [və́ːrtʃuəs] a. ① 덕이 높은, 덕행이 있는, 고결한. ② 정숙한, 절개 있는. / ‡exhibit [igzíbit] v. ―vt. ① 전람[전시]하다, 출품하다, 진열하다, 공개하다. [SYN.] ⇨ SHOW. ② (징후·감정 등을) 나타내다, 보이다, 드러내다, 표시하다. / ‡primary [práimeri, -məri] a. ① 첫째의, 제1의, 수위의, 주요한. [cf.] secondary. ② 최초의, 처음의, 본래의. ③ 원시적인, 근원적인. ④ 제1차적인, 근본적인. ⑤ 기초적인, 초보적인. / ‡mere1 [miər] a. (mérer; mérest) ① 단순한, ┅에 불과한, 단지[다만, 그저] ┅에 지나지 않는. ② (폐어) 전적인, 다른 어떤 것도 아닌, 순전한. / ‡speculation [spèkjəléiʃ-ən] n. ① U 사색, 숙고, 심사, 고찰. ② (사색에 의한) 결론, 의견. ③ 추측, 억측. ④ 이론; 공론(空論). ⑤ U C 투기, 사행. / †authorize [ɔ́ːɵəràiz] vt. ① 『+목+to do』 ┅에게 권한을 주다, 위임하다(empower). ② 인가[허가]하다. ③ 정당하다고 인정하다. / †respective [rispéktiv] a. 각각의, 각기의, 각자의(보통 복수명사를 수반함). / impracticability [impræ̀ktikəbíləti] n. U 비실제성(非實際性), 실행 불능; C 실행할 수 없는 일. / quarter 방면; 지역, 지방(地方); (도시의) 지구, ┅거리(district). / ‡endeavor, 【영국】 ─our [endévər] v. ―vt. 『+to do』 ┅하려고 노력하다, 애쓰다, ┅을 시도하다. [SYN.] ⇨ TRY. ―vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 노력하다, 애쓰다(at doing; after). ② 시도하다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/wzGJZ9KF5Cs
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [41~45]
These considerations speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit the continuance of ①the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether ②a common government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve Ⓐit. To listen to mere speculation in such a case were criminal. We are authorized to hope that a proper organization of ③the whole with the auxiliary agency of governments for ④the respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to Ⓑthe experiment. It is well worth a fair and full experiment. With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of ⑤our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those who in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands.
41. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현은?41)
① Lift Up Our Patriotism
② The Continuance of the Union
③ Now, The Time for Experiment
④ The Strategy of defeating Enemy
⑤ The Way of Organizing Governments
42. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 가리키는 것이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?42)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
43. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ가 가리키는 것은?43)
① a persuasive language
② patriotic desire
③ mere speculation
④ a proper organization of the whole governments
⑤ those who try to weaken its bands
44. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?44)
① a persuasive language
② a doubt
③ a common government
④ criminal
⑤ impracticability
45. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?45)
① 연방의 지속이 최고의 애국심이다.
② 단순한 추측에 귀를 기울이는 것은 범죄이다.
③ 각 부처들과의 적절한 조화는 희망을 낳을 수 있다.
④ 경험을 통해 실험의 비효율성 나타날 가능성이 있다.
⑤ 연방의 유대를 약화시키려는 자들을 불신하자.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/rrijf4XR90w
①In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; ②whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. ③⒮One of the expedients of party ⒜to acquire influence within particular districts ⒱is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. ④You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; ⑤they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; ⑥⒮they have seen, in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event, throughout the United States, ⑦⒪a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them of a policy ⑧in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi; ⑨they have been witnesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with Spain, which secure to them everything they could desire, in respect to our foreign relations, towards confirming their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom ⑩to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the Union by which they were procured ? ⑪Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren and connect them with aliens?
① In contemplating the causes which[관계대명사절] ~ Union, it[가주어] as ~ [전치사절] that [진주어] ~ should have been furnished[과거의 유감] ~ Atlantic and Western;
② whence[앞 문장을 받아서, 그러므로] designing men[주어] ~ excite a belief that[a belief와 동격절] there is a ~ interests and views.
③ One of the expedients of party[주어] to acquire influence [목적 부사구] within particular districts is to misrepresent[동사] the opinions and aims of other districts[목적어].
④ cannot too ~ : 아무리 ~해도 지나치지 않다. / the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; 이러한 왜곡에서 비롯되는 시기와 원한에 대해서는
⑤ render[make] A B : A를 B로 만들다 : render alien (to each other) those who ~.
⑥ in the unanimous ratification (by the Senate) of the treaty with Spain : 상원에 의한 스페인과의 만장일치의 조약비준에서 /
⑦ they have seen[현재완료 경험] A[a decisive proof] B[how unfounded were the suspicions propagated] : A가 B라는 사실을 보왔다.
⑧ A[in the General ~ States] unfriendly to(~대해 비우호적인) their interests in regard to the Mississippi;
⑨ they have been witnesses to : ~ 목격해 왔다. / the formation of two treaties, that[지시대명사] with Great Britain, and that with Spain : 그것은 영국과 스페인과의 조약 / which secure (to them) everything (they could desire) : secure의 목적어 everything /
⑩ to rely (for the preservation of these advantages) on the Union / by which they(=these advantages) ~?
⑪ [부정 의문문] 이제부터는 귀를 닫아야 하지 않겠습니까?
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/rrijf4XR90w
In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union(우리의 연방을 해칠 수도 있는 명분들을 살펴보면), it occurs as matter of serious concern(심각한 우려의 대상이 되고 있습니다) that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western(남부와 북부, 대서양 연안과 서부 등 지리적 차이를 구실로 삼아 파벌을 조장하려 한다는 점이); whence designing men(이러한 구실을 고안한 자들은) may endeavor to excite a belief(믿도록 충동질할 수 있습니다) that there is a real difference of local interests and views(각 지역 간에 이해관계와 견해에 큰 차이가 있다고). One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts(특정 지역에서 영향력을 획득하려는 세력이 쓰는 편법 중에는) is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts(다른 지역의 의견과 목표를 왜곡하는 수법이 있습니다). You cannot shield yourselves too much(아무리 경계해도 지나치지 않습니다) against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations(이러한 왜곡에서 비롯되는 시기와 원한에 대해서는); they tend to render alien to each other(서로 남남으로 만드는 경향이 있습니다) those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection(이러한 시기와 원한은 형제애로 함께 뭉쳐야 할 사람들을). The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson(서부 지역 주민들은 최근 좋은 교훈을 얻었습니다) on this head(이와 관련하여); they have seen(보았습니다), in the negotiation(협상을 성실하게 진행하고) by the Executive(연방 행정부가), and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate(상원이 이를 만장일치로 비준하고), of the treaty with Spain(스페인과 조약 체결을), and in the universal satisfaction at that event(합중국 전체가 이를 만족스럽게 받아들인 데서), throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated(가지고 있을 것이라는 의심이 얼마나 근거가 없는 것이었는지 그 결정적 증거를) among them of a policy in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi(연방 정부와 대서양 연안 각 주가 미시시피에 대한 서부 각 주의 이해관계에 비우호적인 정책을); they have been(서부 주민들은) witnesses(목격했습니다) to the formation of two treaties(두 개의 조약), that with Great Britain, and that with Spain(즉 영국과 스페인과의 조약이 체결되는 것도), which secure to them everything they could desire(원하는 모든 것들을 확보해 준), in respect to our foreign relations(대외관계에 있어서), towards confirming their prosperity(서부 각 주가 그 번영을 확고히 하기 위해). Will it not be their wisdom to rely(의존하는 것이 지혜로운 일이 아니겠습니까?) for the preservation of these advantages(이러한 이익을 지키기 위해) on the Union by which they were procured(그 이익을 확보해 준 연방에)? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers(이제부터는 귀를 닫아야 하지 않겠습니까?), if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren(형제들과의 관계를 단절시키면서) and connect them with aliens(이방인들과 연결할 것을 조언하는 자들의 말에)?
- ‡disturb [distə́ːrb] v. ―vt. ① (휴식·일·생각 중인 사람을) 방해하다; ┅에게 폐를 끼치다. ② ┅의 마음을 어지럽게 하다; 불안하게 하다. ③ 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (행위·상태를) 저해하다, 막다. ④ 혼란시키다; 휘저어 놓다. ⑤ (평화·질서·휴식을) 어지럽히다, 교란하다. ⑥ (권리를) 침해하다. / †whence [hwens]ad., conj. ① 「의문사」 a) 어디서. [opp.] whither. b) 어찌하여, 왜. ② 「관계사」 a) ┅하는. b) (┅하는) 거기서부터; (┅하는[한]) 그 곳에. ③ 「앞 문장을 받아서」 그러므로(and thence), 그리하여. / †expedient [ikspíːdiənt] n. 수단, 방편, 편법, 임기(응변)의 조처. / misrepresent [mìsreprizént] v. ―vt. 잘못 전하다; 거짓 설명을 하다; 허위로 대표하다; 대표 임무를 다하지 못하다. ―vi. 허위 진술을 하다. / ‡shield [ʃiːld] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 감싸다, 보호하다(protect); 수호하다, 막다. ② 가리다, 차폐하다, 숨기다. / cannot ~ too 아무리 ~해도 지나치지 않다 / heartburn [-́bə̀ːrn] n. U ① 가슴앓이(cardialgia, pyrosis). ② 질투, 시기. / ‡render [réndəːr] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+보』 ┅로 만들다, ┅이 되게 하다. ② a) 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (보답으로서) 주다, 갚다, ┅에 보답하다. b) / †fraternal [frətə́ːrn-əl] a. 형제의; 형제 같은[다운], 우애의. / †ratification [ræ̀təfikéiʃ-ən] n. U,C 비준(批准), 시인, 재가; / ‡treaty [tríːti] n. ① 조약, 협정, 맹약; 조약 문서. ② (개인간의) 약정, 약속; U 협상, 교섭. / †propagate [prɑ́pəgèit / prɔ́p-] v. ―vt. ① 번식시키다, 늘[불]리다. ② 널리 펴다, 선전 [보급]하다. ③ (빛·소리 따위를) 전파하다, 전하다. ④ (성질 따위를) 유전시키다, 전염시키다. / secure [sikjúəːr]v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 안전하게 하다, 굳게 지키다, 굳게 하다(against). ② 확실하게 하다, 확고히 하다. / ‡procure [proukjúər, prə-] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+목/ +목+전+명』 획득하다, (필수품을) 조달하다. ② (드물게) (남의 손을 빌려) 야기하다, 초래하다. / ‡henceforth, -forward [hènsfɔ́ːrɵ, -́-́] [-fɔ́ːrwərd] ad. 이제부터는, 금후, 이후. / †sever [sévəːr] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 절단하다, 끊다(from). ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 떼다, 가르다. [SYN.] ⇨ SEPARATE. ③ 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ┅의 사이를 떼다, 이간시키다(A and B, A from B). / ‡brethren [bréðrən] n. pl. (종교상의) 형제, 동일 교회[교단]원; 동일 조합원, 동업자; 동포. ★혈족상의 형제에는 쓰지 않음. /
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [46~47]
In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence Ⓐdesigning men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. ⒷYou cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; Ⓒthey have seen, in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event, throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them of a policy in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi; they have been witnesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with Spain, which secure to them everything they could desire, in respect to our foreign relations, towards confirming their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the Union by which they were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren and connect them with aliens?
46. What is the main idea?46)
① It's always important to establish the treaties with
foreign countries.
② Be on alert against the severance
③ The time of persuading others different from us
always comes often.
④ The continuance of the Union originates from brethren
affection.
⑤ The misinterpretation by the Western country would
be more serious.
47. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?47)
① geographical discriminations
② our Union
③ characterizing parties
④ local interests and views
⑤ foreign policy-makers
48. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 올바른 우리말 번역은?48)
① 여러분이 그 시기와 원한에 대해선 스스로를 방어할 수
없다.
② 여러분이 그 시기와 원한에 대해 경계는 이미 때가 늦었
다.
③ 여러분은 그 시기와 원한에 대해 이해심을 발휘해야만
한다.
④ 여러분이 그 시기와 원한에 대해서 아무리 경계해도 지
나치지 않다.
⑤ 여러분이 그 시기와 원한에 대해 스스로를 위로해야 한
다.
49. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓒ가 가리키는 것은?49)
① these misrepresentations
② the whole people of the Union
③ the residents along the Atlantic States
④ the representatives between two countries
⑤ the inhabitants of our Western country
50. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?50)
① 남부와 북구, 대서양과 서부 등 지리적 차이를 구실로
삼아 파벌을 조장하려 하고 있다.
② 특정 지역에서 영향력을 획득하려는 세력은 다른 지역의
의견과 목표를 왜곡하는 수법을 쓰고 있다.
③ 시기와 원한은 형제애로 함께 뭉쳐야할 사람들을 서로
남남으로 만드는 경향이 있다.
④ 서부 주민들은 영국과 스페인과의 조약에서 불평등을 직
접 목격했다.
⑤ 형제들과의 관계를 단절시키려는 사람들의 말엔 귀를 닫
아도 무방하다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/Q6w0TP59Jdo
①To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a government for the whole is indispensable. No alliance, ②however strict, between the parts can be an adequate substitute; they must inevitably experience ③the infractions and interruptions which all alliances in all times have experienced. ④Sensible of this momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution of ⑤government better calculated than your former for an intimate union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. ⑥This government, the offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the distribution of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. ⑦Respect for its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. But ⑧the Constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. ⑨All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. ⑩They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans digested by common counsels and modified by mutual interests.
① [부사구] ~하기 위해서 : 연방의 효능과 영속을 위해서
② 아무리 ~일지라도 : 아무리 단단할 지라도
③ all alliances (in all times) experienced the infractions and interruptions.
④ (As you are) Sensible of ~,
⑤ government better calculated than your former : 과거의 것보다 더 잘 구상된 정부
⑥ [주어] This government, [동격] the offspring of our own choice, [부사구] uninfluenced and unawed, [과거분사] adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, [부사구] completely free in its principles, [부사구] in the distribution of its powers, [분사구문] uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, [본동사] has a just claim to your confidence and your support.
⑦ [주어] Respect ~, compliance ~, (and) acquiescence ~,
⑧ [주어] the Constitution [관계대명사] which at any time[부사구], exists[동사], till changed[과거분사] by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is[본동사] sacredly ~.
⑨ All obstructions[주어] to the execution ~, all combinations and associations[부사구], under whatever plausible character[부사구, ~그 구실이 아무리 그럴듯하더라도] with the real design to ~ deliberation and action ~ authorities[부사구] are[본동사] destructive of ~ and of fatal tendency.
⑩ They serve to organize ~, to give ~; to put, ~ the community; to make ~.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/Q6w0TP59Jdo
To the efficacy and permanency of your Union(연방의 효능과 영속을 위해서는), a government for the whole is indispensable(한 통합정부가 절대로 필요합니다). No alliance(어떠한 동맹도), however strict(그것이 아무리 단단하더라도), between the parts(지역간에) can be an adequate substitute((통합정부를) 적절하게 대신할 수 없습니다); they must inevitably experience(불가피하게 경험할 것이 틀림없습니다) the infractions and interruptions which all alliances in all times have experienced(어느 시대에서나 겪은 협정위반과 해체를). Sensible of this momentous truth(이 중요한 진실을 잘 인식한), you have improved upon your first essay(여러분의 첫 시도의 결과를 개선했습니다), by the adoption of a constitution of government better calculated than your former(과거의 것보다 더 잘 구상된 정부에 관한 헌법을 채택함으로써) for an intimate union(여러분은 친밀한 병합과), and for the efficacious management of your common concerns(공동 관심사의 효과적인 관리를 위해). This government(본 정부는), the offspring of our own choice(우리 자신의 선택의 소산), uninfluenced and unawed(우리가 어떠한 영향도 받지 않고 어떠한 압력에도 굴하지), adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation(충분한 연구 조사와 신중을 기한 숙고 하에 채택한 것이며), completely free in its principles(그 원칙들이 완전히 자유롭게 정해졌고), in the distribution of its powers(권력이 자유롭게 분산되고), uniting security with energy(안보와 정력을 결합하고), and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment(자체 내에 자체의 개정 규정을 포함하고 있는 바), has a just claim to your confidence and your support(이 같은 본 정부는 여러분의 신임과 지지를 마땅히 받을 만 합니다). Respect for its authority(그 권위를 존중하고), compliance with its laws(그 법을 준수하고), acquiescence in its measures(그 조처에 순종하는 것), are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty(진정한 자유의 기본 원리에 따라 부과되는 의무입니다). The basis of our political systems(우리 정치 제도의 기본은) is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government(국민들이 그들의 정부 기구를 만들고 변경하는 권리에 있습니다.). But the Constitution which at any time exists(존재하는 이 헌법은), till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people(그러나 모든 국민들에 의한 명백하고도 인증된 조치에 의해 수정될 때까지), is sacredly obligatory upon all(모든 사람들에게 신성한 의무를 부과합니다). The very idea of the power and the right of the people(정부를 설치할 수 있는 국민의 권한과 권리에 관한 개념 그 자체는) to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government(이렇게 설치된 정부에 순종해야 하는 모든 개인의 의무를 전제로 합니다). All obstructions to the execution of the laws(법 집행에 대한 모든 방해), all combinations and associations(모든 정부기관들(단체와 협회)), under whatever plausible character(그 구실이 아무리 그럴듯 하더라도), with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe(유도하거나 통제하거나 방해하거나 두렵게하는 긴정한 의도를 가지고) the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities(제정된 권위의 일상적 숙고와 행동), are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency(이 근본적인 원칙과 중대한 경향을 파괴하는 것 입니다). They serve to organize faction(그들은 당파를 조직합니다), to give it an artificial and extraordinary force(그것에 인위적 엄청난 무력을 주고자); to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation(국가를 대표하는 의지에 반하여) the will of a party(한 파벌에 의지를 강조합니다), often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community(종종 공동체의 작지만 교활하고 모험적인 소수인); and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties(그리고 다른 파벌과의 번갈아 가며 승리함에 따라), to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction(공공행정을 파벌의 사악하게 타협하고 모순된 계획을 반영시키기 위해), rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans digested by common counsels and modified by mutual interests(공동 회의로 숙고되고 상호 이익에 의해 수정된 지속적이고 전체적인 계획안의 기관이기 보다는).
- †efficacy [éfəkəsi] n. U 효험, 효력, 유효. / permanency [pə́ːrmənənsi] n. ① U =PERMANENCE. ② C 영속적(永續的)인 사람[것, 지위], 종신관(終身官). / ‡indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한, 긴요한(to; for). / †alliance [əláiəns] n. C,U 동맹; 맹약(盟約); 「집합적」 동맹국[자]; 결혼, 결연; 인척 관계; 협력, 제휴, 협조; / ‡strict [strikt]a. ① 엄격한, 엄한(about a matter; with a person). ② 엄밀한, 정밀한. ③ 진정한, 순전한; 완전한. / ‡adequate [ǽdikwit] a. ① (어떤 목적에) 어울리는, 적당한, 충분한; (직무를 다할) 능력이 있는, 적임의(to; for). / ‡substitute [sʌ́bstitjùːt ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 대용(代用)하다, 바꾸다(for); ┅을 대리케 하다(for). ② 〖화학〗 치환하다. ―vi. 『+전+명』 ┅을 대신하다, 대리하다(for); 〖화학〗 치환하다. / inevitable [inévitəbəl] a. ① 피할 수 없는, 면할 수 없는, 부득이한. ② (논리적으로 보아) 필연의. ③ (이야기의 줄거리 따위가) 납득이 가는, 지당한. / ‡essay [ései] n. ① 수필, (문예상의) 소론(小論), 시론(詩論); 평론. ② [+eséi] 시도, 시험(at; in); 시도의 (to (do); at). / †adoption [ədɑ́pʃən, ədɔ́p-] n. U,C 채용, 채택; 양자결연; (입후보자의) 공천; (외래어의) 차용. / infraction [infrǽkʃən] n. U 위반; 침해; C 위반 행위; / †momentous [mouméntəs] a. 중대한, 중요한, 쉽지 않은 / efficacious [èfəkéiʃəs] a. 의도된 효과가 있는, (약·치료 따위가) 효험[효능]이 있는, / ‡offspring [ɔ́ːfsprìŋ] n. (pl. ∼(s) ) ① 「집합적」 자식, 자녀; 자손, 후예. ② (하나의) 자식, 자손. ③ 생겨난 것, 소산(fruit), 결과(result) (of). / unawed [ʌnɔ́ːd] a. 두려워하지 않는, 태연한. / ‡provision [prəvíʒən] n. U ① 예비, 준비, 설비(for; against). ② 공급, 지급; 지급량(量);(pl.) 양식, 식량; 저장품. ③ C 〖법률〗 규정, 조항(clause). / ‡amendment [əméndmənt] n. ① U,C 변경, 개선, 교정(矯正), 개심. ② (법안 등의) 수정(안), 보정, 개정. / †compliance, -ancy [kəmpláiəns], [-i] n. U ① 승낙, 응낙. ② 고분고분함; 굴종, 추종; 맹종, 순종. / acquiescence [æ̀kwiésəns] n. U 묵낙, (어쩔 수 없는) 동의(in; to). / †enjoin [endʒɔ́in] vt. ① 『+목+전+명/ +목+to do/ +that절』 ┅에게 명령하다, (침묵·순종 따위를) 요구하다(demand); (행동 따위를) 강요하다(on, upon). ② 『+목+전+명』 〖법률〗 ┅을 금하다, ┅에게 ―하는 것을 금하다(prohibit)(from). / presuppose [prìːsəpóuz] vt. 미리 가정[예상]하다; 필요 조건으로 예상하다, 전제로 하다; ┅의 뜻을 포함하다. [SYN.] ⇨ PRESUME. / ‡obey [oubéi] v. ―vt. ┅에 복종하다, ┅에 따르다; ┅의 명령[가르침, 소원]에 따르다; (이성 따위)에 따라 행동하다, (힘·충동)대로 움직이다; (기계 장치가) ┅에 반응하다. ―vi. 복종하다, 말을 잘 듣다(to). / †obstruction [əbstrʌ́kʃən] n. ① U 폐색(閉塞), 차단, 〖의학〗 폐색(증); 방해; 장애, 지장(to); 의사 방해(특히 의회의). / †plausible [plɔ́ːzəbəl] a. ① (이유·구실 따위가) 그럴듯한, 정말 같은. ② 그럴 듯한 말을 하는, 말 재주가 좋은. / artful [ɑ́ːrtfəl] a. ① 교묘한, 기교를 부린. ② 기교를 부리는, 교활한. / †enterprising [éntərpràiziŋ] a. 기업심[모험심]이 왕성한; (매우) 진취적인, 모험적인. / †alternate1 [ɔ́ːltərnit, ǽl-] a. ①번갈아 하는, 교호(交互)의, 교체[교대]의. ② 서로 엇갈리는, 하나 걸러의. / ill-concerted 사악한 타협의 / incongruous [inkɑ́ŋgruəs / -kɔ́ŋ-] a. 일치[조화]하지 않는(with); 어울리지 않는, 부조리한 (태도 따위), 앞뒤가 안 맞는(이야기); / ⁂organ [ɔ́ːrgən] n. (정치적인) 기관; 기관지(紙·誌). / ‡digest [didʒést, dàid-] v. ―vt. ① 소화하다, 삭이다. ② 요약하다, 간추리다; (압축하여) 정리[분류]하다. /
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/_8F64Lftm2E
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [51~55]
To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a government for the whole is indispensable. No alliance, however strict, between the parts can be an adequate substitute; Ⓐthey must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions which all alliances in all times have experienced. Sensible of this momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution of government better calculated than your former for an intimate union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. This government, , uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the distribution of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, ①have a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, ②are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, ③is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government ④presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, ⑤are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans digested by common counsels and modified by mutual interests.
51. 위 글의 주제는 무엇인가?51)
① Vicious fractions sometimes is necessary for the
stronger unification.
② People have the right to try to amend and distribute
the power.
③ The constitution should be changed by the whole
people.
④ People should be on alert whenever there are
obstructions.
⑤ Union must be protected from any trials.
52. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 의미하는 것은?52)
① the parts
② your Union
③ constitutional administrations
④ alliance between the parts
⑤ infractions and interruptions
53. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 어색한 것은?53)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
54. 위 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?54)
① the opportunity by God's blessing
② the offspring of our own choice
③ the experience through long historical adversity
④ the counterpart against ill-concerted fractions
⑤ the system to have to be amended and changed by
people at any time
55. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?55)
① 연방의 효능과 영속을 위해서는 한 통합정부가 절대로
필요하다.
② 우리 자신의 선택의 소산인 이 정부는 충분한 숙고와 성
숙한 고찰을 바탕으로 자유 원칙에 의해 구성되었다.
③ 권위존중, 그 법의 준수와 그에 순종하는 것은 진정한
자유의 기본 원리에 따라 부관된 의무이다.
④ 당파를 조장하여 무력으로 국가의 의지에 반하는 행위는
사악하고 모순된 것이다.
⑤ 국민의 의무는 사악한 존재를 파악하여 알리고 그들의
존재를 없애는 것이 하나의 주어진 의무이다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/ichC7BJMkRc
However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.
Towards the preservation of your government, and the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its principles, however specious the pretexts. One method of assault may be to effect, in the forms of the Constitution, alterations which will impair the energy of the system, and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes to which you may be invited, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, exposes to perpetual change, from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion; and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is indispensable.
However combinations or associations of the above description(그러나 위에서 설명드린 조직과 단체는) may now and then answer popular ends(때때로 대중적 목적을 답할지 모를지라도), they are likely, in the course of time and things(시간과 사건의 과정 속에서), to become potent engines(강력한 동력이 되고자), by which(그것에 의해) cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men(교활하고 야망적이고 원칙이 없는 사람들은) will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government(국민의 권력을 전복시기고 그들 스스로 정부의 지배권을 강탈하고 할 것입니다.), destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion(이후에 자신들은 부당한 통제로 올려 놓았던 바로 그 동력을 파괴하면서).
Towards the preservation of your government, and the permanency of your present happy state(여러분의 정부 보존과 여러분의 현재의 행복한 상태의 영원함을 향햐여), it is requisite(반드시 필요합니다), not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority(여러분이 연방의 인정된 권위에 대한 비정상적인 반대에 꾸준히 대적하는 것 뿐만아니라), but also that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its principles(연방의 원칙을 변경하려는 태도에 주의 깊게 저항하는 것), however specious the pretexts(아무리 그럴듯 하더라도). One method of assault(한 가지 공격 방법은) may be to effect, in the forms of the Constitution, alterations which will impair the energy of the system(우리 제도의 활력을 손상시킬 헌법개정의 형태를 취하며), and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown(이는 직접적으로 전볼할 수 없는 것을 약화 시킬 수 있읍니다). In all the changes to which you may be invited(여러분은 어떤 변화에 참여하도록 요청 받았을 때는), remember that time and habit are at least as necessary(시간과 관습이 최소한 필요한는 점을 명심해야 합니다) to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions(정부의 진정한 성격을 정하기 위해서는 다른 인간제도의 경우와 마찬가지로); that experience is the surest standard(경험이 가장 확실한 표준이라는 점) by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country(한 나라의 현존하는 구조의 진정한 경향을 시험하는 데는); that facility in changes(손쉽게 변경하면), upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion(단순한 가설과 견해만을 믿고), exposes to perpetual change(끝업는 변경을 하게 된다는 점을), from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion(끝없는 다양한 가설과 의견으로 부터); and remember, especially(특히 명심해야 합니다), that for the efficient management of your common interests(공동의 관심사를 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는), in a country so extensive as ours(우리나라와 같이 광대한 국가에서), a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty(자유의 완전한 확보에 적합할 만큼 활력에 찬 정부가) is indispensable(절대로 필요하는 점을).
- subvert [səbvə́ːrt] vt. 뒤엎다, 멸망시키다, 파괴하다, (종교·주의 따위를) 타파하다. / †usurp [juːsə́ːrp, -zə́ːrp] v. ―vt. (권력·지위 등을) 빼앗다, 찬탈하다, 강탈[횡령]하다. ―vi. 범하다, 침해하다(encroach) (upon, on). / †rein [rein]n. ① (종종 pl.) 고삐. ② U,C 통어하는 수단; 구속(력). ③ (pl.) 지배권, 지휘권. / †dominion [dəmínjən] n. ① U 지배[통치]권[력], 주권. ② U,C 지배, 통제(over); / †requisite [rékwəzit] a. 필요한, 없어서는 안될, 필수의(needful)(to; for). [SYN.] ⇨ NECESSARY. / discountenance [diskáuntənəns] vt. ① 면목을 잃게 하다, 창피를 주다, 쩔쩔매게 하다. ② (계획 따위에) 찬성하지 않다, ┅을 승인하지 않다. / specious [spíːʃəs] a. 허울[외양]만 좋은, 진실같은; 그럴 듯한(plausible); 가면을 쓴. / †pretext [príːtekst] n. 구실, 핑계(for). / ‡effect [ifékt] vt. ① (변화 등을) 가져오다, 초래하다. / ‡overthrow [òuvərɵróu] v. (-threw [-ɵrúː]; -thrown [-ɵróun]) ―vt. ① 뒤집어 엎다, 타도하다, 무너뜨리다; 헐다, 파괴하다; (정부 따위를) 전복시키다, (제도 등을) 폐지하다. / †undermine [ʌ̀ndərmáin] vt. ① (명성 따위를) 음험한 수단으로 훼손하다, 몰래 손상시키다. / as of ~와 마찬가지로 / ‡facility [fəsíləti] n. U,C ① 쉬움, 평이[용이]함. ② 재주(dexterity), 능숙(skill), 유창(fluency); 재능. / †hypothesis [haipɑ́ɵəsis / -pɔ́ɵ-] n. (pl. -ses [-sìːz]) 가설(假說), 가정(假定); 전제; 단순한 추측, 억측. [SYN.] ⇨ THEORY. / ‡vigor, 【영국】 vigour [vígər] n. U ① 활기, 정력, 체력, 활력. ② 힘, 생기, 기운, 강도(强度), 세기. / †consistent [kənsístənt] a. ① (의견·행동·신념 등이) (┅와) 일치 [조화·양립]하는(with). / ‡indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한, 긴요한(to; for). [SYN.] ⇨ NECESSARY.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/l3cEAmJHDD4
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [56~57]
However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, Ⓐthey are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, ①by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines ②which have lifted them to unjust dominion.
Towards the Ⓑ of your government, and the Ⓒ of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its principles, however specious the pretexts. One method of assault may be to effect, in the forms of the Constitution, alterations ③which will impair the energy of the system, and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes ④which you may be invited, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest standard ⑤by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, exposes to perpetual change, from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion; and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is indispensable.
56. What is being mainly told about?56)
① Understand what oppositions have claims for their
existence.
② Experience that is the surest standard may be
changed.
③ Remember the resistance confrontation to the irregular
oppositions.
④ Respect the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion.
⑤ Please, accept all the changes to which you may be
invited.
57. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 어색한 것은?57)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
58. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓑ, Ⓒ의 적절한 단어는?58)
① overthrow revolution
② mortality continuation
③ reconstruction improvement
④ power repetition
⑤ preservation permanency
59. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ와 관계가 적은 것은?59)
① unprincipled men
② destroying unjust dominion
③ discountenancing irregular oppositions
④ the pretexts are specious
⑤ mere hypothesis and opinion
60. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?60)
① 교활하고 야망적인 사람들은 자신들이 만든 통제를 스스
로 파괴한다.
② 연방의 인정된 권위에 대한 비정상적인 것에 대적하자.
③ 위선자들의 공격 중 한 방법은 헌법을 존속시키는 것이
다.
④ 어떤 변화에 대한 참여를 요구 받았을 때, 시간과 관습
이 필요하다.
⑤ 반대자들의 공격은 끝없는 다양한 가설의 의견이다.
Liberty itself will find in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the government is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the society within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property.
I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
Liberty itself will find(자유 그 자체는 ~가 될 것이다) in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted(권력이 적절히 분산되고 조정되는 그 같은 정부에서), its surest guardian(가장 확실한 수호자). It is(정부는), indeed(사실), little else than a name(명목 이상의 아무것도 아닙니다), where the government is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction(정부가 너무나 허약해서 파당적인 시도에 견딜 수 없고), to confine each member of the society within the limits prescribed by the laws(사회의 각 구성원을 법이 제정한 제한 속에 가두어 놓을 수 없고), and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property(모두가 인권과 재산을 안전하고도 조용한 가운데 계속 누릴 수 없는).
I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State(저는 이미 여러분에게 연방정부에서 여러 정단의 위험성를 넌지시 비추었습니다), with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations(지리적 차별하에 그들의 생성에 특히 언급하면서). Let me now take a more comprehensive view(지금 더욱 포괄적인 고려하겠습니다), and warn you in the most solemn manner(가장 진지하게 여러분에 알려드리겠습니다) against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally(일반적으로 정당정신의 파괴적인 효과에 대한).
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature(이 정신은 안타깝게도 우리 정부의 특성과 분리되어 있지 않습니다), having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind(인간의 마음의 가장 강한 열정에 뿌리를 두고 있습니다). It exists under different shapes in all governments(그것은 모든 정부에서 다른 형태하에 존재합니다), more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed(다소간 억압되고 통제되거나 제진된); but, in those of the popular form(그러나 대중적인 형태의 정부에서), it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy(그것은 가장 썩은 것으로 보여지며 진정 그들의 가장 나쁜 적입니다).
- ‡feeble [fíːbəl] (-bler; -blest) ① 연약한, 약한, 힘없는. [SYN.] ⇨ WEEK. ② 박약한, 나약한, 기력이 없는; 저능의. ③ (빛·효과 따위가) 약한, 미약한 / ‡withstand [wiðstǽnd, wiɵ-] vt. (-stood [-stúd]) ―vt. ① ┅에 저항하다, ┅에 반항[거역]하다. ② (곤란 등에) 잘 견디다, 버티다. ―vi. (시어) 반항[저항]하다; 잘 견디다, 버티다. [OE with against]. / ‡enterprise [éntərpràiz] n. ① 기획, 계획(특히 모험적인). ② U,C 기업(체) ③ U 진취적인 정신, 기업심[열]; 모험심. / confine [kənfáin] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 제한하다, 한하다(to; within). ② 가둬 넣다, 감금하다(in; within); 들어박히게 하다(to). / ‡prescribe [priskráib] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명/ +wh.절/ +wh. to do』 규정하다, 지시하다, 명하다(order). ② (약을) 처방하다; (요법을) 권하다. ③ 〖법률〗 시효로 하다, ┅을 시효에 의해 취득[소멸]하다. / †tranquil [trǽŋkwil] a. (more ∼, ∼(l)er; most ∼, ∼(l)est) 조용한, 평온한, (마음·바다 따위가) 차분한, 편안한, 평화로운. / ‡intimate [íntəmèit] vt. ∼+목 / +목+전+명 / +that절』 ① 넌지시 비추다, 암시하다 (hint). [SYN.] ⇨ SUGGEST. ② 공표하다. / ‡solemn [sɑ́ləm / sɔ́l-]a. ① 엄숙한, 근엄한. ② 장엄한, 장중한. ③ 엄연한, 중대한. ④ 진지한, 엄숙한. [SYN.] ⇨ GRAVE. / baneful [béinfəl] a. 파괴적[치명적]인, (고어) 해로운, 유독한. / †stifle [stáif-əl] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 ┅을 숨막히게 하다, 질식(사)시키다(by; with). ② (불평 따위를) 짓누르다; / repress [riprés] vt. 억누르다; 저지[제지]하다; (반란 등을) 진압하다; 〖유전학〗 (유전자를) 억제하다. / rank a. ① 무성한 ② 순전한, 지독한(나쁜 의미로). / sharpen [ʃɑ́ːrp-ən] v. ―vt. ① 날카롭게 하다 ② 격심하게[강하게] 하다. / ‡revenge [rivéndʒ] n. U ① 보복, 복수(vengeance) ② 원한, 유한(遺恨), 복수심. / †dissension, -tion [disénʃən] n. U 의견 차이; C 불화(의 씨); (pl.) 알력, 분쟁. / perpetrate [pə́ːrpətrèit] vt. (나쁜 짓·죄를) 행하다, 범하다. / †horrid [hɔ́ːrid, hɑ́r-] a. ① 무서운. [SYN.] ⇨ HORRIBLE. / enormity [inɔ́ːrməti] n. ① U 무법; (특히) 극악(極惡); C 중대한 범죄 ② (구어) (문제·일 등의) 거대[광대]. / despotism [déspətìzəm] n. ① U 독재 폭정. ② C 전제국, 독재군주국. /
1) ③
2) ③ conduce to 기여하다
3) ④
4) ⑤
5) ②
6) ⑤
7) ⑤
8) no diminution of zeal for your future interest
no deficiency of grateful respect
9) ⑤ accept → abandon
10) ①
11) ➁
12) ④ unconscious
13) ➃
14) ➂
15) ➀
16) ①
17) ⑤
18) ②
19) ④
20) ⑤
21) ④
22) ①
23) ④
24) ③
25) ④
26) ②
27) ② 가주어, 나머지는 union을 가리킴
28) ①
29) ③
30) ②
31) ➃
32) ➁
33) ➃ powerful
34) ➃
35) ➂
36) ➁
37) ➀ latter
38) ➃
39) ➃
40) ➂
41) ②
42) ④
43) ④
44) ②
45) ④
46) ②
47) ③
48) ④
49) ⑤
50) ④
51) ⑤
52) ④
53) ① have → has
54) ②
55) ⑤
56) ③
57) ④ which → to which
58) ⑤
59) ③
60) ③
25-Duties of American Citizenship by Theodore Roosevelt 본문(완성) 14쪽 21문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
24-Funeral Oration by Pericles 본문(완성) 21쪽 22문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
22-George Washington-Inaugural Address - 본문(완성) 14쪽 35문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
21-A History of Freedom of Thought by John B Bury 본문 및 해석(완성) 4쪽 10문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
20-The Quit India by Mahatma Gandhi-완성 12쪽 46문제 (0) | 2017.11.26 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/YjglZZXNdb0
Inaugural Address
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event ①could have filled me with greater anxieties than ②that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and ③received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned ④by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years— a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me ⑤by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, ⑥the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient ⑦to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who ⑧(inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions ⑨all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance ⑩by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that ⑪if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, ⑫my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.
① no event could have filled : ~을 채운 적이 없었던 것 같다
② that of which 국민 여러분의 명령에 의해 전달된 통지서의 사건 / that은 event를 가리킴
③ and (the notification was) received
④ whose voice = my country's voice(소유격 관계대명사) : 제가 존경심과 사랑으로 밖엔 들을 수 없는 제 조국의 부름의 목소리의 의해 / I was summoned by my country, from a retreat, and with an immutable decision : and로 연결된 구문임 - 조국의 부름과 은둔지로 부터 그리고 확고한 결심으로 저는 소환되었습니다. /
⑤ by the addition of habit to inclination, and (by the addition) of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste : 습관화되는 경향과 제 건강에서 종종 중단되는 쇠약, add A to B : A를 B에 더하다 / committed on it by time : 시간이 흐름에 따라 건강에 억매인(구속된) /
⑥ the voice of my country called me to the magnitude and difficulty of the trust : call A to B : A를 B로 소환하다 - 내 조국의 부름의 목소리가 나를 불러 맡긴 신뢰의 중대함과 어려움은 ~/
⑦ to awaken (in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens) a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications : awaken의 목적어는 a distrustful scrutiny - 가장 현명하고 가장 경험 있는 조국의 시민들 속에서 불신의 음미를 깨우쳐 자신의 자격을 부여하리 / can not but : ~하지 않을 수는 / with despondence = despondently (부사구) 낙담하여 /
⑧ one who (was) inheriting and unpracticed : inherit(타) 물려받다, unpracticed(형) 경험이 부족한 /
⑨ all I dare aver is that 명사절 : 제가 감히 주장하는 것은
⑩ it might be affected by a just appreciation of every circumstance : 그것은 모든 상황의 정확한 인식에 의해 영향을 받을 것 같다 /
⑪ if I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances or (if I have been too much swayed) by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and (if I) have thence too little consulted my in capacity
⑫ 주절이 시작됨 / its consequences (will) be judged by
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:(상하의원 동포시민 여러분)
Among the vicissitudes incident to life(인생의 흥망성쇄의 사건들 중에) no event could have filled me with greater anxieties(어떠한 사건도 ~보다 더 큰 걱정으로 나를 채운적이 없었습니다.) than that of which(~ 그것 보다) the notification was transmitted by your order(그 통지서가 여러분의 명령에 의해 발송되었고), and received on the 14th day of the present month(이번달 14일에 수취된). On the one hand(한편으론), I was summoned by my country(~로 부터 ~ 국가의 의해 부름을 받았습니다), whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love(국가의 부름의 목소리를 전 존경심과 사랑을 제외하곤 결콜 들을 수 없는), from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection(제가 가장 좋아하는 편협한 마음을 가지고 선택했던 은둔지로 부터), and, in my flattering hopes(아첨하는 바람에서), with an immutable decision(되돌릴 수 없는 결정으로), as the asylum of my declining years(나의 쇠약해지는 노년의 피난처처럼) — a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me(일상에서 나에게 더욱 귀중하고 필요하게 된 운둔지) by the addition of habit to inclination(한쪽으로 기우는 습관의 탐익에 의해), and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time(저의 건강에 종종 방해가 되어 그리고 시간에 의해 나에게 맡겨진 점차적인 쇠약에 익숙한 (탐익에 의해)).
On the other hand(다른 한편으로), the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me(내 조국의 부름의 목소리가 나를 불러 맡긴 신뢰의 중대함과 어려움은 ~), being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications(가장 현명하고 가장 경험있는 조국의 시민들 속에서 불신의 음미를 깨우쳐 자신의 자격을 부여하리 만큼 충분하게 되어), could not but overwhelm with despondence one who(낙심하여 ~한 사람을 압도하지 않을 수 없었습니다.) (inheriting inferior endowments from nature(처음부터 타고난 열등적 재능 갖고 있는) and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration(공직의 의무를 수행한적 없는) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies(자신의 부족함을 특히 의식해야만 하는).
In this conflict of emotions(이런 감정의 갈등 속에서) all I dare aver(제가 감히 확언하는 것은) is that it has been my faithful study(그것은 ~ 저의 충실한 노력이 되어왔다는 것입니다). to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance(모든 환경의 정확한 인식으로 부터 제 의무에 집중하기 위해) by which it might be affected(그것(저의 충실한 노력)이 영향을 받을 것 같은).
All I dare hope(제가 감히 바라는 것은) is that if, in executing this task(이 직무를 수행할 때), I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances(만일 제가 이전의 선례의 감사의 추억에 너무나 흔들려 왔거나), or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens(또는 저의 동료 시민 여러분의 자신감의 탁월한 증거에 대한 다정한 감각에 의해), and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me(그리하여 제 앞에 놓인 무겁고 시도되지 않은 관심을 싫어하거나 저의 무능함을 거의 염두에 두지 않아 왔다면), my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me(제 잘못은 저를 잘못 이끄는 동기에 의해 변명되어질 것입니다.), and its consequences be judged by my country(그 결과는 ~ 을 갖고 제 조국에 의해 판단될 것입니다.) with some share of the partiality in which they originated(그들(그 결과)에서 비롯된 어떠한 편견 몫).
- vicissitude [visísətjùːd] n. C 변화, 변천; U (고어·시어) 순환, 교체; (pl.) 흥망, 성쇠. ┈┈• the ∼s of life 인생의 부침(浮沈). ㉺ vicissitudinary, -tudinous [-dənèri / -nəri], [-nəs] ―a. 변천하는, 변화무쌍한; 성쇠가 있는. / notification [nòutəfikéiʃ-ən] n. U 통지, 통고, 고시; 최고(催告); C 신고서, 통지서; 공고문(notice); 출생 신고; 사망 신고. / transmit [trænsmít, trænz-]v. (-tt-) ―vt. ① (화물 등을) 보내다, 발송하다. ② (지식·보도 따위를) 전하다, 전파[보급]시키다. / summon [sʌ́mən] vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+to do』 소환하다, 호출하다(call) (to); (피고 등에게) 출두를 명하다. / veneration [vènəréiʃən] n. U 존경, 숭앙; 숭배; 존경심, 경의(敬意). / retreat [ritríːt] n. U 은퇴, 은둔. / predilection [prìːdəlékʃən, prèd-] n. 선입(先入)적 애호, 편애(偏愛) / flattering [flǽtəriŋ] a. 빌붙는, 아부[아첨]하는 / immutable [imjúːtəbəl] a. 변경 할 수 없는, 불변의, 변치[바뀌지] 않는. / asylum [əsáiləm] n. 일반적」 은신처, 피난처. / inclination [ìnklənéiʃən] n. ① U 기울기, 기욺. ② C,U 경향, 성향, 성벽. / waste [weist] n. 쇠퇴, 쇠약, 소모. / magnitude [mǽgnətjùːd] n. U ① (길이·규모·수량) 크기, 양. ② 중대(성), 중요함; 위대함, 고결. / qualification [kwɑ̀ləfikéiʃən / kwɔ̀l-] n. ① C 자격, 권한; U 자격 부여(for). / despondence, -ency [dispɑ́ndəns / -spɔ́nd-], [-ənsi] n. U 낙담, 의기소침. / endowment [endáumənt] n. (보통 pl.) 천부의 재주, 타고난 재능. / study [stʌ́di]n. U (끊임없는) 노력; 배려[노력]의 대상. / aver [əvə́ːr] vt. (-rr-) 확언하다, 단언[주장]하다. / collect [kəlékt] v. (생각을) 집중[정리]하다, (마음을) 가라앉히다; (용기를) 불러일으키다; (기력 따위를) 회복하다. / affectionate [əfékʃənit] a. ① 애정 깊은, 사랑에 넘친. ② 다정한, 인정 많은. / transcendent [trænséndənt] a. 뛰어난, 탁월한; / disinclination [dìsinklinéiʃən, --̀--́-] n. U 기분이 내키지 않음, 싫음(for; to do). / palliate [pǽlièit] vt. ① (병세 따위를) 누그러지게 하다, 편하게 하다, 완화하다. ② (과실·죄 따위를) 가볍게 하다, 참작하다. ③ 변명하다; (허물 따위를) 가볍게 보이게 하다. / partiality [pɑ̀ːrʃiǽləti] n. U 편파, 불공평, 치우침; / originate [ərídʒənèit] v. ―vi. 『+전+명』 ① 비롯하다, 일어나다, 생기다, 시작하다(from; in; with). - that of which the notification ..... your order = that(지시대명사, which의 선행사) which(관계대명사) the notification ..... your order of /
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
Among the vicissitudes incident to life Ⓐno event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years—a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by Ⓑthe addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who Ⓒ(inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, Ⓓmy error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.
1. 위 글의 제목으로 가정 적절한 것은?1)
① The Greatest Happiness never seen before
② Modest Acceptance of Your Order
③ The Unwillingness under the Forceful Duty
④ Transcendant Addressing Ability
⑤ Congratulations to Your Presidency
2. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 뜻하는 것은?2)
① I'd glad to get this position, so I appreciate greatly
your kindness.
② I feel burdensome heavily, accepting my duty.
③ Greater anxieties press on me, so I don't want to do
this.
④ The command you order to me is less important
than any other events.
⑤ I'm willing to embrace your notification.
3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 심정은?3)
① unavoidable ② corruptive
③ obligatory ④ aging
⑤ hopeful
4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓒ를 우리말로 옳게 옮긴 것은?4)
① 태어날 때부터 타고난 열등한 재능과 공직을 경험 못한
② 타고난 열등한 재능에도 불구하고 공직에 타고난
③ 자연으로부터 물려받은 타고난 재능과 공직에 대한 감사
④ 자연의 우월한 재능을 받아 공직에 수행하지 못한
⑤ 태어날 때부터 탁월하여 공직을 수행할 기회가 없었던
5. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓓ가 가리키는 것은?5)
① 분수를 모름
② 자신을 앎으로써 경지에 오른
③ 실수를 본보기로 삼기
④ 실수는 병가지상사
⑤ 실수는 내 탓이 아님
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/_-fjnvS2W7
Such being the impressions ①under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who ②rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, ③that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments ④not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. ⑤No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States. ⑥Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of ⑦so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, ⑧along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves ⑨too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence ⑩of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.
① I have repaired to the present station under the impression in obedience to the public summons : 국민의 소환의 순응할 때 받은 감동 하에 저는 현재의 위치로 향했습니다. / (As I am) such being the impressions : 제가 그러한 감동을 받을 때 / to omit (in this first official act) my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being : omit(‘생략하다’의 목적어는 my fervent....) - 전능하신 하나님의 ~하신 저의 열렬한 탄원을 (제 첫번째 공직생활에서) 생략한다는 것 /
② rules over(통치하고), presides in(관장하고), and whose providential aids(신의 전능하신 도움~) : and(등위 접속사로) 연결된 구문
③ my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being ~, that His benediction may ~, and may ~ 로 연결되는 구문임
consecrate a Government to the liberties and happiness : 연방정부가 미국국민의 자유와 행복에 헌신하도록 /
enable + (every instrument employed in its adminstration 목적어) + to execute(부정사) with success(부사구) the functions allotted to his charge. : 정부의 행정에 고용된 모든 관리들이 자신의 임무에 할당된 기능을 성공적으로 수행하도록 하기 위해서
④ not less, nor ~ at large less than either : 그것은 저 자신의 것에 못지않게 여러분의 소회를 피력하는 것이고 어느 쪽에 못지않게 소회를 피력하는 것
⑤ No people ~ more than those(affairs) of the United States(어떠한 국민도 미국국민 보다 ~하지 않다)
⑥ they have advanced to the character of an independent nation by every step 그 합중국 국민이 독립국의 지위로의 한 걸음 한 걸음 전진할 때 / seems to have been distinguished by(완료형 부정사) :~의해 구별되었던 것 같다 /
⑦ the event has resulted from so many distinct communities 혁명을 가능케 했던 많은 각각의 공동체들 / most governments have been established by the means 대부분의 정부들이 그 수단에 의해 수립되었던 /
⑧ along with(~와 더불어) an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage(presage의 목적어는 the future blessings) : 과거에 예시된 듯한 미래의 축복에 대한 겸허한 기대와 더불어
⑨ too strongly on my mind to be suppressed(too~to... 의 용법: 너무 ~해서 ... 못하는) 제 마음에 이러한 생각이 억누를 수 없을 만큼 거세게
⑩ the proceedings ~ can more auspiciously commence(자동사, 시작되다) of the influence 새로운 자유정부의 본보기가 더욱 상서로이 시작할 수 있는 영향력을 갖춘 정부는 없다
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/_-fjnvS2W7Y
Such being the impressions(이러한 감회로) under which I have, in obedience to the public summons(조국의 소환에 복종하여), repaired to the present station(현재의 위치로 향했을 때), it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications(이 첫번째 공직에서 나의 뜨거운 탄원을 생략하는 것은 더욱이 부당한 것입니다) to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe(우주를 관장하는 하느님에 대해), who presides in the councils of nations(국가들의 회의를 관장하시고), and whose providential aids can supply every human defect(그리고 신의 섭리에 의한 도움으로 모든 인간의 결함을 메웨 주시고), that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes(그의 축복이 본질적인 목적으로 그들 스스로 세운 미정부의 국민의 자유와 행복에 바쳐 주시고)), and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge(시정을 위한 모든 기관이 자신의 책임으로 할당된 직분을 성공적으로 수행하도록). In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good(모든 공익과 사익의 창조주께 이렇게 경의를 표할 때), I assure myself(저는 ~을 확신합니다) that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either(그것은 저 자신의 것에 못지않게 여러분의 소회를 피력하는 것이고 어느 쪽에 못지않게 소회를 피력하는 것). No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States(어떠한 국민도 보이지 않은 손을 인정하고 경배할 의무를 합중국의 국민보다 더 많이 진 국민은 없습니다). Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation(합중국 국민이 독립국의 지위로의 한 걸음 한 걸음 ) seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency(신의 섬리를 보여주는 어떠한 징표로 구별되었던 것 같습니다); and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government(그리고 통일된 정부의 체제로 막 성취한 혁명을 두고 볼 때), the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities(많은 개별 공동체들의 차분한 숙고와 자발적인 동의는) from which the event has resulted(혁명을 가능케 했던) can not be compared with the means(~ 그 수단과 비교될 수 없습니다) by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude(경건한 감사와 같은 답례 없이 대부분의 정부들이 수립되었던), along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage(과거에 예시된 듯한 미래의 축복에 대한 겸허한 기대와 더불어). These reflections, arising out of the present crisis(작금의 위기에서 연유하는 반향은), have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed(제 마음에 이러한 생각이 억누를 수 없을 만큼 거세게 밀려들게 하고 있습니다). You will join with me, I trust, in thinking(제 생각에 여러분이 동의하리라고 믿습니다) that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence(새로운 자유정부의 본보기가 더욱 상서로이 시작할 수 있는 영향력을 갖춘 정부는 없다).
- repair2 vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 가다, 다니다, 종종 가다(to); 여럿이 가다(to). ② 『+전+명』 구하러[의지하러] 가다, 의지하다(to; for). / fervent [fə́ːrvənt] a. 뜨거운; 타는 듯한; 열심인, 열렬한, 격심한, 백열의. / peculiarly [pikjúːljərli] ad. ① 특(별)히. ② 개인적으로. ③ 기묘하게. / supplication [sʌ̀pləkéiʃən] n. U 탄원, 애원(to; for); U,C 〖종교〗 기원. / providential [prɑ̀vədénʃəl / prɔ̀-] a. 섭리의, 신의 뜻에 의한; 천우의, 행운의. / benediction [bènədíkʃən] n. ① (예배 따위의 끝) 기도, (식전·식후의) 감사기도. ② 축복. / consecrate [kɑ́nsəkrèit / kɔ́n-] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 신성하게 하다, 성화(聖化)하다; 〖가톨릭〗 (미사에서 빵과 포도주를) 성별(聖別)하다; 봉헌하다(to); 성직에 임명하다. ② 『+목+전+명』 (어떤 목적에) 바치다, 전념하다.tender [téndəːr] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+목/ +목+전+명』 제출하다; 제공하다, 신청하다. / homage [hɑ́miʤ / hɔ́m-] n. U 존경; (봉건시대의) 충성(의 맹세), 신하로서의 예 / sentiment [séntəmənt] n. (종종 pl.) 소감, 감상, 생각; 취지; (말 자체에 대해 그 이면의) 뜻, 생각, 기분. / bound [baund] a. 『∼+to do』 ┅하지 않을 수 없는, ┅할 의무가[책임이] 있는; 꼭[필연적으로] ┅하게 되어 있는. / character [kǽriktər] n. U 특성, 특질, 성질. 신분, 자격, 지위. / distinguish [distíŋgwiʃ] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ① 구별하다, 분별[식별]하다(from; by); 분류하다(into). ② ┅을 특징 지우다; ┅의 차이를 나타내다(from). / presage [présidʒ, priséidʒ] vt., vi. ① ┅의 전조가 되다, 예시(豫示)하다; 예언하다. ② 예지[예감]하다. / proceeding [prousíːdiŋ] n. 진행; 행동; 조처; (pl.) 소송 절차; 변론; (pl.) 의사(議事), 의사록, 회의록, (학회의) 회보. / auspicious [ɔːspíʃəs] a. 길조의, 경사스런, 상서로운; 행운의. /
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/_-fjnvS2W7Y
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [6~10]
Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that ⒶAlmighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can ①supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In ②tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor Ⓑthose of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. No people can ③be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than Ⓒthose of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has ④resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, ⑤disappearing out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.
6. 위 글의 분위기로 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?6)
① auspicious
② pious
③ fervent
④ providential
⑤ objective
7. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ와 관련이 적은 것은?7)
① 모든 우주를 지배한다.
② 모든 국가 위원회를 주관한다.
③ 인간의 부족함을 채워준다.
④ 미국 독립에 기여했다.
⑤ 미 국민들의 자유와 행복을 봉헌한다.
8. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 쓰임이 어색한 것은?8)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
9. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?9)
① 나는 조국의 부름으로 감명에 젖어 이곳에 왔다.
② 우주를 주관하시는 하느님만이 인간의 부족함을 채워줄
수 있다.
③ 자신의 책임 하에 맡겨진 행정기관은 스스로 반드시 성
공을 거둬야만 한다.
④ 미국 국민만이 보이지 않은 절대적인 손에 인식하고 경
배할 줄 안다.
⑤ 통합된 정부체계 아래서 경건한 숙고와 자발적인 동의는
대부분의 정부와 비교될 수 없다.
10. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ, Ⓒ에 각각 가리키는 것은?10)
① sentiments the Invisible hands
② sentiments affairs
③ public and private affairs
④ public and private conducts
⑤ sentiments conducts
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/LgVesscX6x8
①By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President "to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circumstances ②under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be ③more consistent with those circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world. I ④dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity; since we ought to be ⑤no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained; and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps, as deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people.
① 행정부 설립조항에 따르면, article과 the executive department는 능동형관계 / it(가주어) is made the duty to recommend(진주어) ~는 의무로 정해져 있다 / such measures as he shall judge : shall은 주어의 의지, 필요하고 합당하다고 판단하는 법안들을 /
② I now meet you under the circumstances 제가 지금 여러분과 마주한 상황에서 / entering into 착수하다 / acquit A further than B : A를 피하고 B를 하는 것이 / the great constitutional charter which, (in defining your powers), designates the objects to which your attention is : which의 선행사는 charter임 : 여러분의 주의를 기울여야 할 대상을 명시한 위대한 헌법 /
③ more consistent with 더욱 일치하는 / far more congenial with 훨씬 더 설득력이 있는 /
in place of ~을 대신하여 / to substitute, A(in place of ~), B(the tribute that ~) : A를 대신하여 B를 가름하는 것(대체시키는 것) / selected 과거분사 / 그 법안을 창안하고 채택하기 위해 선발된 인물들의
as A so B : A인 것처럼 B한, 어떠한 지방적 편견이나 애착, 개별적 소신이나 당파적 적대감이 감시해야 할 포괄적이고 공정한 눈을 오되 되지 않을 것처럼 / on another (side) / free government (will) be exemplified by 자유정부는 모든 특성에 의해 좋은 예가 될 것이라는 /
④ dwell on A(this prospect) 부사구(with every satisfaction) which 주어(an ardent love for my country) 동사(can inspire)의 목적어는 this prospect임 : 조국에 대한 열렬한 사랑이 불러일으킬 수 있는 이런 관점에 아주 만족하여 숙고하다 /
no truth than that A : A라는 것보다 더한 진실은 없다 /
⑤ no less A that B : B 못지않게 B한, 하늘의 자애로운 미소를 기대할 수 없다는 것을 그 진리에 못지않게 확신하기 때문이며 /
그만큼 깊게, 결정적으로
By the article establishing the executive department(행정부 설립에 관한 조항에 따르면) it is made the duty of the President(대통령의 의무로 되어 있습니다.) "to recommend to your consideration(여러분의 심의에 붙이는 것) such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient(필요하고 합당하다고 판단하는 법안들을)." The circumstances under which I now meet you(제가 지금 여러분과 마주한 상황에서) will acquit me from entering into that subject(그 문제에 대한 상세한 논의는 피하고) further than to refer to the great constitutional charter(위대한 헌법을 언급하는 것이) under which you are assembled(여러분을 이곳에 소집하여), and which, in defining your powers(여러분의 권한을 규정함과), designates the objects to which your attention is to be given(여러분의 주의를 기울여야 할 대상을 명시한). It will be more consistent with those circumstances(그러한 상황이 보다 합치할 것입니다), and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me(그리고 나의 가슴을 휩싸는 느낌에도 훨씬 걸맞을 것), to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures(특별한 법원을 심의를 요청하는 것 대신에), the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn(더 돋보이게 하는 재능, 성실성 및 애국심에 마땅히 돌아가야하는 찬사로 가름하는 것이) the characters selected to devise and adopt them(그 법안을 창안하고 채택하기 위해 선발된 인물들의). In these honorable qualifications(이러한 영예로운 자질들 속에서) I behold the surest pledges(저는 가장 확실한 징표를 목격하는 봐 입니다) that as on one side(한편으로는) no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities(어떠한 지방적 편견이나 애착, 개별적 소신이나 당파적 적대감이), will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over(감시해야 할 포괄적이고 공정한 눈을 오도되지 않을 것처럼) this great assemblage of communities and interests(다양한 공동체들과 이해 집단들이 모인 이 위대한 의회를), so, on another(또 한편으로는), that the foundation of our national policy(우리 나라의 정책의 기본이) will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality(개인의 도덕성의 순수하고 변치 않는 원리 안에 놓여 있을 것이고), and the preeminence of free government(자유정부의 탁월성이) be exemplified by all the attributes(모든 특성에 의해 좋은 예가 될 것이라는) which can win the affections of its citizens(국민들의 애정을 듬뿍 받고) and command the respect of the world(세계의 존경을 모을 수 있는). I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction(저는 이러한 전망에서 ~ 온갖 만족감을 누립니다) which an ardent love for my country can inspire(조국에 대한 열렬한 사랑이 불러일으킬 수 있는), since(왜냐하면) there is no truth more thoroughly established than(~보다 더 완벽하게 확증된 진리는 없기 때문이고) that there exists in the economy and course of nature(자연의 경제와 이치로 보건대) an indissoluble union(떼려아 뗄 수 없는 연관이 있다는 것) between virtue and happiness(미덕과 행복 사이에); between duty and advantage(의무와 편의 사이에); between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and(정직하고 관대한 정책이라는 참된 금언과) the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity(공공의 번영과 행복이란 알찬 보상 사이에); since we ought to be no less persuaded(~것을 그 진리에 못지않게 확신하기 때문이며) that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected(하늘의 자애로운 미소를 기대할 수 없다는) on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained(하늘이 스스로 정한 질서와 정의의 영원한 법칙을 경시하는 나라는); and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government(그리고 자유의 성스러운 불길의 보존과 모범적인 공화 정부의 운명이) are justly considered, perhaps, as deeply, as finally(그만큼 깊게, 결정적으로 달려 있다고 정당하게 간주되기 때문입니다), staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people(미국 국민의 손에 맡겨진 이 실험에).
- consideration [kənsìdəréiʃən] n. ① U 고려, 숙려(熟廬), 고찰. ② U (남에 대한) 동정, 참작, 헤아림(for). ③ C 행하, 보수, 팁; 〖법률〗 (계약상의) 약인(約因), 대가(對價). ④ C 고려의 대상, (고려할) 사정, 항목; 동기, 이유. ⑤ U 중요시, 경의, 존경. / expedient [ikspíːdiənt] a. ① 편리한, 편의의; 마땅한, 유리한, 상책인. ② 편의주의의, 방편적인, 정략적인(politic); 사리(私利)를 추구하는. / acquit [əkwít] vt. (-tt-) ① 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 석방하다, 무죄로 하다(of). ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅에게 면제해 주다(of). / consistent [kənsístənt] a. ① (의견·행동·신념 등이) (┅와) 일치 [조화·양립]하는(with). ② (주의·방침·언행 등이) 불변한, 견지하는, 시종일관된, 견실한(in). / congenial [kəndʒíːnjəl] a. ① 같은 성질의, 마음이 맞는, 같은 정신의, 같은 취미의(with; to). ② (건강·취미 따위에) 적합한(to), 기분 좋은, 쾌적한(to). ③ 붙임성 있는, 인상이 좋은. / actuate [ǽktʃuèit] vt. (동력원이 기계를) 움직이다; (장치 등을) 발동[시동, 작동]시키다; (아무를) 자극하여 ┅하게 하다(to do); 격려하다. / substitute [sʌ́bstitjùːt ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 대용(代用)하다, 바꾸다(for); ┅을 대리케 하다(for). / tribute [tríbjuːt]n. ① U,C 공물, 조세; 과도한 세[관세, 부과금, 임대료], 터무니 없는 징수금; 납공[납세] 의무. ② C,U 찬사, 칭찬[감사, 존경]을 나타내는 말[행위, 선물, 표시]. / rectitude [réktətjùːd] n. U ① 정직, 실직(實直), 청렴. ② (판단·방법의) 올바름, 정확(correctness). / adorn [ədɔ́ːrn] vt. ① 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 꾸미다, 장식하다(with). [cf.] decorate, ornament. ② ┅에 광채를[아름다움을] 더하다; 보다 매력적[인상적]으로 하다. / behold [bihóuld] v. (p., pp. beheld [-héld]) ―vt. 보다(look at). / pledge [pledʒ] n. ① U 서약(vow), 언질. [SYN.] ⇨ PROMISE. ② U 저당, 담보, 전당; C 저당[담보]물. ③ C 보증, (우정 따위의) 증거(token). / preeminence [priémənəns] n. U 걸출, 탁월, 발군(in; of). / command [kəmǽnd, -mɑ́ːnd] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+to do/ + (that)절』 ┅에게 명(령)하다, ┅에게 호령[구령]하다, 요구하다. [opp.] obey. ② 지휘하다, ┅의 지휘권을 갖다; 통솔하다. ③ (감정 따위를) 지배하다, 누르다, 제어하다. ④ (남의 존경·동의 따위를) 모으다, 일으키게 하다; (사물이) ┅을 강요하다; ┅할 만하다, ┅의 값어치가 있다. / indissoluble [ìndisɑ́ljəbəl / -sɔ́l-] a. 용해[분해, 분리]시킬 수 없는; 해소[파기]할 수 없는, 확고한; 불변의, 영속성 있는(계약 따위). / magnanimous [mægnǽniməs] a. 도량이 넓은, 관대한, 아량 있는; 고결(高潔)한. / felicity [filísəti] n. C 경사; U 더없는 행복(bliss); U (표현의) 교묘함; C 적절한 표현. / no less ∼ ⑴ ┅보다 적지 않은(것), 그 정도의 (것): We expected no ∼. 그 정도는 각오하고 있었다. ⑵ 「부가적; 종종 반어적」 바로, 확실히 / propitious [prəpíʃəs] a. ① 순조로운, (형편) 좋은(favorable)(for; to); 상서로운, 길조의. ② (신이) 호의를 가진, 자비로운; 행운의 / ordain [ɔːrdéin ] vt. ① (신·운명 등이) 정하다; (법률 등이) 규정하다, 제정하다, 명하다. / stake [steik] vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (생명·돈 따위를) 걸다(wager) (on). ② 위험에 내맡기다. /
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/DwBemiQnUgk
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [11~18]
By the article being established/establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President "to recommend to your consideration as/such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient/necessarily and expediently." The circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from enter/entering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which/which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those circumstances, and ①far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and ②adapt Ⓐthem. In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on another, that the ③foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and ④immutable principles of private morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command/commanded by the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exist/exists in the economy and course of nature between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity; since we ought to be no less ⑤persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained/has been ordained; and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps, as deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of Ⓑthe American people.
11. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?11)
① 의원 여러분의 재능, 성실성, 그리고 애국심은 타의 추종
을 불허합니다.
② 대통령의 막강한 권한을 인정해야 합니다.
③ 때론 여러 공동체와 이익집단을 대표할 필요가 있습니
다.
④ 모든 것을 초월한 미국의 이익을 위해 단결합시다.
⑤ 민주주의의 근간이 되는 원리는 자유와 평등입니다.
12. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 쓰임이 어색한 것은?12)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
13. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어를 골라 쓰시오.13)
14. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸에 적절한 표현은?14)
① one beyond the other ② an indissoluble union
③ unsolvable complexity ④ unnecessary comparison
⑤ pure emotion
15. 위 글의 분위기는?15)
① forceful ② encouraging
③ pessimistic ④ indifferent
⑤ gloomy
16. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?16)
① characters ② measures
③ qualifications ④ circumstances
⑤ talents
17. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?17)
① 대통령은 필요하고 합당하다면, 법안을 상정할 수 있다.
② 연설자는 문제를 상세히 다루기보다는 위대한 헌법을 강
조하고 있다.
③ 국가의 정책은 개인의 도덕성의 근간이 된다.
④ 모범적인 공화정부는 유능한 인재 선발을 게을리 해서는
안 된다.
⑤ 신이 부여한 질서와 권리의 영원한 법칙을 무시하는 국
가는 신의 은총을 받을 권리가 없다.
18. 위 글 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 의무로 적절치 않은 것은?18)
① supervision ② experiment
③ submission ④ morality
⑤ affection
①Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture ②by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, ③in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again ④give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good; ⑤for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid ⑥every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, ⑦a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far ⑧the former can be impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.
① Besides(이외에) / submitted to(~에게 제출된(과거분사)) : 여러분이 살펴야 할 통상적인 대상들 이외에 / it(가주어) ~ to decide(진주어) / delegated by(~의해 위임된, 과거분사) / is rendered expedient(적절히 되어지다) /
② by A or by B : A또는 B에 의해, 그러한 제도에 대해 강력하게 제기되어 온 이의의 성격과 그런 이의의 바탕에 깔린 불안감의 정도로 보아 /
③ in which(where) / I could be guided in particular recommendations / by no lights derived from official opportunities 공직의 경험에서 생기는 식견을 갖추지 못했기에 나로서는 /
④ 전적으로 신뢰하다
⑤ because / whilst = while
⑥ every alternation which might endanger ~ , or which ought to await 위태롭게 할지모르고 기다려야만 하는 일체의 개정 /
⑦ a reverence(주어) ~ will sufficiently influence(동사) : 주절을 이끔 /
⑧ the former(a reverence) ~ or the latter(a regard) : 전자에 대한 존중과 후자에 대한 배려
①Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care(여러분이 살펴야 할 통상적인 대상들 이외에), ⑦it will remain with your judgment to decide(결정하는 것도 여러분의 판단에 달려 있을 것입니다.) how far ②an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution(헌법 제5조에 의해 위임된 임시 권한의 행사가) ⑥is rendered expedient(얼마나 합리화될 수 있는가를) ⑤at the present juncture(현재의 중대한 고비에서) by the ③nature of objections which have been urged against the system(그러한 제도에 대해 강력하게 제기되어 온 이의의 성격과), or ④by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them(그런 이의의 바탕에 깔린 불안감의 정도로 보아). /②Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject(이 문제에 대해 특별한 권고를 하는 대신에), ①in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities(공직의 경험에서 생기는 식견을 갖추지 못했기에 나로서는), ③I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good(다시 한 번 공익에 대한 여러분의 분별력과 추진력을 전적으로 신뢰할 것입니다.); / ⑫for I assure myself that(확신하기 때문입니다.) ④whilst you carefully avoid every alteration(일체의 개정을 세심하게 피하는 한편으로) ①which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government(왜냐하면 여러분이 통일된 효율적인 정부의 이점을 위태롭게 할지도 모르는), ③or which ought to await the future lessons of experience(또는 경험을 통한 장래의 교훈을 기다려야만 할), a reverence ④for the characteristic rights of freemen(자유인 특유의 권리가 ) and a regard for ⑥the public harmony(공공의 화합이) ⑪will sufficiently influence(충분히 반영될 것으로) ⑧your deliberations on the question(문제를 숙고함에 있어) ⑨how far the former(여러분이 지닌 전자에 대한 존중과) can ⑤be impregnably fortified(얼마나 확고하게 강화되고) ⑩or the latter(후자에 대한 배려가) ⑦be safely and advantageously promoted(얼마나 안전하고 유익하게 증진될 수 있는가라는).
- ⁂besides [bisáidz] prep. ① ┅외에(도), ┅에다가 또. ② 「부정·의문문에서」 외에(는), ┅을 제외하고(는)(except). / delegate [déligèit] vt. ① 『+목+to do/ +목+전+명』 대리[대표]로 보내다[파견하다], 대리로 내세우다. ② 『+목+전+명』 (권한 등을) 위임하다. / expedient [ikspíːdiənt] a. ① 편리한, 편의의; 마땅한, 유리한, 상책인. ② 편의주의의, 방편적인, 정략적인(politic); 사리(私利)를 추구하는 / junction [dʒʌ́ŋkʃən] n. ① U 연합, 접합, 연접, 연락, 합체. ② C 접합점, 교차점; (강의) 합류점; 연락역, 갈아타는 역; / inquietude [inkwáiətjùːd] n. U 불안, 동요(restlessness); (pl.) 불안한 생각, 근심. / derive [diráiv] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 끌어 내다(from); 손에 넣다, 획득하다(from). ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅의 기원을[유래를] 찾다(from); 「종종 수동태」 ┅에서 나와 있다, ┅에서 시작하다(from). / discernment ―n. U 식별(력), 안식, 통찰(력), 명민. / alternation [ɔ̀ːltərnéiʃən, æ̀l-] n. U,C 교호, 교대, 교체; 하나 거름; / deliberation [dilìbəréiʃən] n. U 숙고; U,C 협의, 심의, 토의; U 신중, 세심; 유장(悠長), 침착. / impregnable [imprégnəbəl] a. 난공불락의, 견고한; 움직일 수 없는; (신념 따위가) 확고부동한. / fortify [fɔ́ːrtəfài] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 요새화[방어 공사를] 하다. ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 강하게 하다, (육체적·정신적으로) 튼튼히 하다. / advantageous [æ̀dvəntéidʒəs] a. 유리한; 형편이 좋은.
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [19~25]
Beside/Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient/expediently at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to Ⓐthem. Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, in which ⒷI could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good; for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await /wait the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far Ⓒthe former can be impregnably fortified or Ⓓthe latter be safely and advantageously promoted.
19. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?19)
① the unconditional objections
② the systematical analysis
③ the importance of expedient consideration
④ You confidence
⑤ alterative reverence
20. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어를 고르시오.20)
① Beside expedient await
② Beside expediently await
③ Besides expedient wait
④ Besides expediently wait
⑤ Besides expedient wait
21. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?21)
① measures ② systems
③ objections ④ recommendations
⑤ delegations
22. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ의 분위기는?22)
① condescendence ② abjectness
③ conceit ④ futility
⑤ frustration
23. 위 글의 Ⓒ, Ⓓ가 각각 가리키는 것은?23)
① rights harmony
② rights deliberations
③ a reverence harmony
④ a reverence a regard
⑤ rights a regard
24. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?24)
① 현재의 위기는 체제에 대한 반대와 불안한 정도에 의해
야기될 수 있다.
② 작가는 공직에 대한 경험이 풍부하다.
③ 작가는 공인의 분별과 추구를 신뢰한다.
④ 존중과 배려가 무엇보다 중요하다고 강조한다.
⑤ 현재를 중대한 고비로 생각한다.
25. 위 글에 나타난 단어들의 올바른 우리말 표현으로 어색한 것은?25)
① ordinary objects : 통상적인 대상
② occasional power : 임시권한
③ every alternation : 일체의 개정
④ characteristic rights : 특유의 권리
⑤ impregnably fortified : 불안하게 강화된
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/QZ1t5mmpCbo
①To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will therefore be ②as brief as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, ③the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From ④this resolution I have in no instance departed; and ⑤being still under the impressions which produced it, I must ⑥decline as inapplicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station ⑦in which I am placed may during my continuance in ⑧it be limited to ⑨such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.
① add A to B : I have A(one) to add to the foregoing observation - 나는 이상의 소견에 한 가지를 덧붙이고자 하는데 / most properly 가장 적절한 / be addressed to ~에게 말하다 /
② as B(형/부사) as A : A 만큼 B한, be동사의 보어가 와야 하므로 brief(형용사) / be honored with ~로 명예를 부여 받으므로(영광스럽게) / on the eve of ~의 전야에 /
③ I contemplated my duty in the light : which의 선행사는 the light(주어, 전야의 불빛) - 그 불빛 속에서 내게 주어진 의무를 곰곰 생각해 보니, / the light required that 구문 / ④ this resolution은 I should renounce every pecuniary compensation(나에게 어떠한 금전적 보상도 단념해야만 하는 것) / in no instance은 never의 뜻 / I have in no instance departed에서 departed의 목적어는 this resolution - 나는 결코 이 결심을 저버린 적이 없습니다 /
⑤ 분사구문절 As(Because) I am still under ~, / which produced it에서 it는 this resolution를 가르킴 /
⑥ as(전치사) inapplicable to myself(나에겐 적용되지 않은 것으로서) / decline의 목적어는 any share(어떠한 몫도 거절하다) /
⑦ I am place in the station(내 직책을 위임받아), which의 선행사는 the station /
⑧ it는 the station을 가리킴 /
다음 같이 요약할 수 있다.
the pecuniary estimates may be limited to
⑨such A as .... : ...하는 것 같은 A
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/QZ1t5mmpCbo
To the foregoing observations I have one to add(나는 이상의 소견에 한 가지를 덧붙이고자 하는데), which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives(그것은 하원을 상대로 하여 말하는 것이 마땅할 것입니다). It concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief as possible(그것은 나 자신에 관계된 것이기에 가능한 한 간략히 하도록 하겠습니다.). When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country(영광스럽게도 조국에 대한 봉사의 부름을 처음 받았을 때), then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties(이 나라의 자유를 위한 험난한 투쟁의 전야에), the light in which I contemplated my duty(그 불빛 속에서 내게 주어진 의무를 곰곰 생각해 보니) required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation(그 빛은 마치 나에게 어떠한 금전적 보상도 단념할 것을 명하는 것 같았습니다). From this resolution I have in no instance departed(나는 결코 이 결심을 저버린 적이 없습니다.); and being still under the impressions which produced it(그리고 지금도 그렇게 결심했을 때의 감회를 간직하고 있기에), I must decline as inapplicable to myself(나 자신에게는 해당되지 않는 것으로 나는 사절하며) any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department(행정부에 관한 영구적 규정 속에 필수적으로 포함될 개인적 보수의 어떠한 몫도), and must accordingly pray(회구하는 바 입니다.) that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed(그런 까닭에 내가 차지한 지위에 대한 금전적 계상도) may during my continuance(재직 기간 동안) in it be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require(공익을 위해 필요하다고 생각되는 실질 경비로 한정되기를).
- observation [ɑ̀bzərvéiʃən / ɔ̀b-] n. U 관찰, 주목, 주시. (on). [SYN.] ⇨ REMARK. / arduous [ɑ́ːrdʒuəs / -dju-] a. 힘드는, 곤란한; 분투적인, 끈기있는, 끈질긴; (미국·영국고어) 오르기 힘든, (길이) 험한. / contemplate [kɑ́ntəmplèit / kɔ́ntem-] v. ―vt. ① 찬찬히 보다, 정관하다, 관찰하다. / ② 잘 생각하다, 심사 숙고하다. [SYN.] ⇨ CONSIDER. / renounce [rináuns] v. ―vt. ① (권리 등을 정식으로) 포기하다(surrender), 단념하다. / pecuniary [pikjúːnièri / -njəri] a. ① 금전(상)의, 재정상의. ② 벌금을 물려야 할. / compensation [kɑ̀mpənséiʃən / kɔ̀m-] n. C,U ① U 배상, 변상, 벌충(for); / emolument [imɑ́ljəmənt / imɔ́l-] n. (보통 pl.) 급료, 봉급 이득(profit)(of) / indispensable [ìndispénsəbəl] a. ① 불가결의, 긴요한(to; for). [SYN.] ⇨ NECESSARY. ② (의무·약속 등을) 게을리[기피]할 수 없는. / continuance [kəntínjuəns] n. U,C 계속, 연속; 체류(in a place); (이야기의) 계속, 속편; 〖계속[체류]기간. / expenditure [ikspénditʃər] n. U,C 지출; 소비;
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/MMTWhaNY7DA
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [26~30]
To the ①foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly ②addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief/briefly as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every ③pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed; and being still under the impressions which produced Ⓐit, I must decline as ④applicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed may during my continuance in Ⓑit be limited/limit to such actual expenditures as the public ⑤good may be thought to be required/require.
26. 위 글의 ‘I'의 심경은?26)
① determined ② sad
③ bored ④ uncertain
⑤ hopeful
27. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?27)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
28. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어를 고르시오.28)
① brief be limited be required
② brief limit require
③ brief be limited require
④ briefly limit be required
⑤ briefly be limited require
29. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ, Ⓑ가 각각 가리키는 것은?29)
① compensation my continuance
② instance the executive department
③ this resolution my continuance
④ this resolution the station
⑤ compensation the station
30. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?30)
① 그는 간략한 끝맺은 인사를 하원의원에게 하였다.
② 첫 번째 공직을 시작할 때, 힘든 자유의 불빛 명상하였
다.
③ 그는 급여를 받지 않을 것이다.
④ 그의 급여수령은 가끔 그에게 혼돈을 주웠다.
⑤ 공무원의 급여는 영구적인 조항에 포함되어 있다.
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/xcOTWR5VoUo
①Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by ②the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without ③resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people ④with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in ⑤the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.
① After I have thus imparted ~ 분사구문절임 / impart A to B : A에게 B를 전하다 /
② which의 선행사 the occasion : 우리를 함께 모이게 하는 계제(의식)
③ resort to ~에 의지하다
④ with opportunities for ~, and with dispositions for ~ : ~한 기회와 ~한 심성을 갖고
⑤ 등위 접속사 and로 연결된 구문임(드넓은 전망, 절도 있는 협의 및 현명한 법안들에도)
the success of this Government must depend on the wise measures : which의 선행사는 the wise measures(이 정부의 성공을 가름할)
Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together(우리는 이 자리에 한데 모은 계제에 의해 촉발되었던 제 감회를 이렇게 여러분에게 전하였으니), I shall take my present leave(이제 작별 인사를 드리고자 합니다); but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race(그러나 한 번 더 인류의 자애로운 부모님께 다음과 같은) in humble supplication( 겸허한 기원을 올리는 일을) that, since He has been pleased to favor(즐거이 허락하셨기에) the American people(미국 국민에게) with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity(완벽한 평온의 상태에서 숙고할 기회와), and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity(유례없는 만장일치로 결정할 수 있는 심성을) on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness(연방의 안전과 국민의 행복 증진을 위한 정부의 형태에 관하여), so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous(신성한 축복이 똑같이 뚜렷하기를 빕니다) in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures(드넓은 전망, 절도 있는 협의 및 현명한 법안들에도) on which the success of this Government must depend(이 정부의 성공을 가름할).
- impart [impɑ́ːrt] vt. +목+전+명』 ① 나누어주다, 주다 (give)(to). ② (지식·비밀 따위를) 전하다 (communicate), 알리다(tell) (to). / occasion [əkéiʒən] n. ① (특정한) 경우, 때(on), 시(時); 일. ② (┅할) 기회, 호기(好機) (for), 알맞은 때. [SYN.] ⇨ OPPORTUNITY. ③ 중요한 때, 경사스러운 때; 축전(祝典), 행사. ④ U 이유, 근거; 유인(誘因), 원인. / resort [rizɔ́ːrt] vi. ① 『+전+명』 가다; 잘 가다[다니다](to). ② 『+전+명』 의지하다, 도움을 청하다, 호소하다(to). / supplication [sʌ̀pləkéiʃən] n. U 탄원, 애원(to; for); U,C 〖종교〗 기원. / deliberate [dilíbərèit] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ wh. to do/ + wh. 절』 잘 생각하다, 숙고하다; ┅을 심의하다. [SYN.] ⇨ THINK. ―vi. 『∼ / +전+명』 ① 숙고하다(on; over). ② 심의하다, 협의하다(on; over). / tranquil(l)ity [træŋkwíləti] n. U 평정, 평온, 평안, 침착. / disposition [dìspəzíʃən] n. ① U,C 성벽(性癖), 성질, 기질; 경향; U 의향. [SYN.] ⇨ MOOD. ② U,C 배열, 배치; (pl.) 작전계획. / unparalleled 비할 데 없는, 유례없는 / unanimity [jùːnəníməti] n. U 전원 이의 없음, 동의, 합의, 만장 일치. / conspicuous [kənspíkjuəs] a. ① 눈에 띄는, 똑똑히 보이는. [SYN.] ⇨ EVIDENT. ② 특징적인, 사람 눈에 띄는. / temperate [témp-ərit] a. ① (기후·계절 등이) 온화한; (지역 따위) 온대성의. ② 삼가는, 알맞은, 중용의, 온건한, 적당한. ③ 절제하는; 금주의. /
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/8TbnrvxlqEw
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [31~35]
Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as Ⓐthey have ①awakened by the occasion which brings us together, ; but not without ②resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since ⒷHe has been pleased to ③favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for ④deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures ⑤for n which the success of this Government must depend.
31. 위 글에 나타난 지은이의 심경은?31)
① to desire the bright future
② to leave for the long journey
③ to compromise the dispute
④ to ask a favor of the public to support him
⑤ to resign from the position
32. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?32)
① the members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives
② the American people
③ sentiments
④ the world people
⑤ a pile of measures
33. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ와 관련이 적은 것은?33)
① 자비롭다.
② 미국 국민들에게 기회를 베푼다.
③ 만장일치의 기회를 준다.
④ 연방의 안정과 행복의 증진을 허락한다.
⑤ 세계의 안정과 평화를 축복을 내린다.
34. 위 글의 밑줄 친 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?34)
① I will start my address right now.
② all of you should take steps for the world.
③ I shall take my present leave
④ let's recommend to your consideration the measures
⑤ May God bless all, the Americans, and the world!
35. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 어색한 것은?35)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
1) ②
2) ②
3) ④
4) ①
5) ①
6) ⑤
7) ④
8) ⑤ disappearing → arising
9) ③
10) ②
11) ④
12) ②adapt → adopt
13) establishing / such measures / necessary and expedient / enter into / to which / command / exists / has ordained
14) ②
15) ②
16) ②
17) ④
18) ③
19) ③
20) ⑤
21) ③
22) ①
23) ④
24) ②
25) ⑤
26) ①
27) ④ applicable → inapplicable
28) ③
29) ④
30) ④
31) ①
32) ③
33) ⑤
34) ③
35) ①, ⑤
24-Funeral Oration by Pericles 본문(완성) 21쪽 22문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
---|---|
23-George Washington Farewell Address-본문 및 해석(완성) 29쪽 60문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
21-A History of Freedom of Thought by John B Bury 본문 및 해석(완성) 4쪽 10문제 (0) | 2017.11.27 |
20-The Quit India by Mahatma Gandhi-완성 12쪽 46문제 (0) | 2017.11.26 |
19-The Obituary to Diana Princess of Wales by the Earl of Spencer 해석 10쪽 19문제 (0) | 2017.11.26 |
교재는 서점에서 구입하실 수 있습니다.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/wZ2g-rsJyBE
It is a common saying that thought is free. A man can never be hindered from thinking whatever he chooses as long as he conceals what he thinks. The working of his mind is limited only by the bounds of his experience and the power of his imagination. But this natural liberty of private thinking is of little value. It is unsatisfactory and even painful to the thinker himself, if he is not permitted to communicate his thoughts to others, and it is obviously of no value to his neighbors. Moreover it is extremely difficult to hide thoughts that have any power over the mind. If a man's thinking leads him to call in question ideas and customs which regulate the behavior of those about him, to reject beliefs which they hold, to see better ways of life than those they follow, it is almost impossible for him, if he is convinced of the truth of his own reasoning, not to betray by silence, chance words, or general attitude that he is different from them and does not share their opinions. Some have preferred, like Socrates, some would prefer today, to face death rather than conceal their thoughts. Thus freedom of thought, in any valuable sense, includes freedom of speech.
[문법분석]
[강조용법]It is a common saying[강조] that thought is free. A man[일반인] can never be hindered[수동태: 방해받지 않는다] from thinking whatever[복합관계대명사: 무엇이든] he chooses as long as[접속사: ~하는 한] he conceals what he thinks[목적어: 그가 생각하는 것]. The working of his mind[마음의 작용] is limited only by[단지~에 의해서만] the bounds of his experience and the power of his imagination. But this natural liberty of private thinking is of little value[of+명사 : 형용사구 = little valuable 거의 가치가 없는]. It[지시대명사: 그것=private thinking] is unsatisfactory and even painful to[전치사: ~에게] the thinker himself, if[조건절: 만일 ~라면] he is not permitted to[수동태: 금지되다] communicate his thoughts to[전치사: ~에게] others, and it is obviously[부사: 형용사를 수식] of no value[little valuable] to his neighbors. Moreover[부사 : 더우기] it[가주어] is extremely difficult to hide thoughts[진주어: 사고를 숨기는 것] that[관계대명사] have any power over the mind[마음을 통제하는 어떤 힘]. If a man's thinking leads[lead A + to부정사: A가 B하도록 이끌다] him to call in question ideas and customs which[관계대명사: 선행사는 ideas and customs] regulate the behavior of those about him, to reject beliefs which[관계대명사] they hold[목적어는 beliefs: 그들이 갖고 있는 믿음], to see better[비교급] ways of life than those[=beliefs] (that[관계대명사 생략]) they follow, it[가주어] is almost impossible for him[의미상의 주어], [삽입된 조건절]if he is convinced of the truth of his own reasoning, not to betray[진주어: 배반하지 않는 것은] by silence, chance words, or general attitude that[접속사: 동격, 그가 그들과 다르다는 일반적인 태도] he is different from them and does not share their opinions. Some[=some people] have preferred, [삽입 전치사구: 소크라테스처럼]like Socrates, some would prefer today, to face death rather than[비교급:~라기 보다는] conceal their thoughts. Thus freedom of thought, [삽입 전치사구: ~어떤 귀중한 의미에서]in any valuable sense, includes freedom of speech.
It is a common saying(~라는 것은 흔한 얘기이다) that thought is free(생각은 자유다). A man can never be hindered from thinking whatever he chooses(사람은 자신이 선택한 무엇이든 생각하는 것으로 부터 자유로울 수 없다) as long as he conceals what he thinks(자신의 생각하는 것을 숨기는 한). The working of his mind(마음의 작용은) is limited(제한된다) only by the bounds of his experience and the power of his imagination(자신의 경험의 한계와 상상력으로 만). But this natural liberty of private thinking(그러나 개인적인 사고의 이 타고난 자유는) is of little value(거의 쓸모가 없다). It is unsatisfactory and even painful to the thinker himself(그것은 생각하는 자 스스로에게 만족스럽지 못하고 아주 고통스럽다), if he is not permitted to communicate his thoughts to others(만일 자신의 생각을 다른 사람들에게 전달이 금지된다면), and it is obviously of no value to his neighbors(그리고 그것은 자신의 이웃사람들에게도 아주 쓸모가 없다). Moreover(더우기) it is extremely difficult to hide thoughts(~ 생각을 숨기기는 아주 어렵다) that have any power over the mind(그 마음을 능가하는 어떠한 힘을 갖는). If a man's thinking leads him to(만일 한 사람의 생각이 자신을 ~로 이끈다면) call in question ideas and customs(~ 생각과 관습을 의문시하는 것) which regulate the behavior of those about him(자신 주위의 사람들의 행동을 조절하는), to reject beliefs which they hold(그들이 갖고 있는 믿음을 거부하는 것으로), to see better ways of life than those they follow(자신이 따르는 믿음 보다 삶의 더 낳은 방식을 보는 것으로), it is almost impossible for him(그가 ~것은 거의 불가능하다), if he is convinced of the truth of his own reasoning(만일 그가 자기 자신의 이성적인 진실을 납득한다면), not to betray by silence, chance words, or general attitude(침묵, 우연한 말 또는 일반적인 태도에 의해 배신당하지 않는) that he is different from them and does not share their opinions(자신이 그들과 다르고 그들의 의견을 공유할 수 없다는). Some have preferred(누군가는 ~것 을 선호한다), like Socrates(소크라테스처럼), some would prefer today(누군가는 오늘날 선호할 ~ 것이다), to face death rather than conceal their thoughts(자신의 생각을 숨기기보다는 죽음을 택하는). Thus freedom of thought(그리하여 사고의 자유는), in any valuable sense(어떤 귀중한 의미에선), includes freedom of speech(표현(말)의 자유를 포함한다).
- ‡saying[séiiŋ] n. ① 말하기, 말, 진술. ② 속담, 격언; 전해 오는 말. n. adage[ǽdiʤ], aphorism[ǽfərìzəm], epigram[épigræ̀m], expression[ikspréʃən], maxim[mǽksim], motto[mɔ́to] proverbprɑ́vəːrb] / ‡hinder[híndər] v. ―vt. 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① 방해하다, 훼방하다(in). ② ┅의 방해를 하다; 지체케 하다, 늦게 하다. ―vi. 방해가 되다, 행동을 방해하다. v. foil[fɔil], frustrate[frʌ́streit], hamper[hǽmpər], impede[impíːd], obstruct[əbstrʌ́kt], thwart[ɵwɔːrt], circumscribe[sə̀ːrkəmskráib], curb[kəːrb], inhibit[inhíbit], limit[límit], ant. facilitate[fəsílətèit]용이하게 하다 / ‡conceal[kənsíːl] vt. ∼+목/ 목+전+명』 숨기다, 비밀로 하다. [SYN.] ⇨ HIDE.v. cloak[klouk], hide[haid], screen[skriːn], secrete[sikríːt], camouflagekǽmuflɑ̀ːʒ] disguise[disgáiz], mask[mæsk], obscure[əbskjúər] ant. expose[ikspóuz] reveal[rivíːl] / ⁂imagination[imæ̀dʒənéiʃən] n. U,C ① 상상(력), 창작력, 구상력(構想力); (종종 one's ∼) 마음. ② 임기 응변의 지혜, 기략, 기지(機智). ③ 상상[공상]의 산물, 심상; 공상, 망상. n. fancy[fǽnsi], inspiration[ìnspəréiʃən], vision[víʒən], ingenuity[ìndʒənjúːəti], originality[ərìdʒənǽləti] / ‡extremely[ikstríːmli] ad. ① 극단(적)으로, 극도로. ② 아주, 대단히, 몹시. / ⁂hide[haid] v. (hid [hid]; hidden [hídn], hid) ―vt.① 숨기다. ② 덮어 가리다, 덮다. ③ 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 감추다, 비밀로 하다 / †regulate[régjəlèit] vt. ① 규정하다; 통제[단속]하다. ② 조절하다, 정리하다. ┈┈•∼ the traffic 교통을 정리하다.② ㉺-lative, -latory [-lèitiv, -lə-], [-lətɔ̀ːri / -təri] ―a. 규정하는; 단속의; 정리하는. [관련어] regulation ―n. v. adjust[ədʒʌ́st], direct[dirékt], govern[gʌ́vərn], manage[mǽnidʒ], monitor[mɑ́nitər], confine[kənfáin], control[kəntróul], limit[límit], restrict[ristríkt] ant. neglect[niglékt] free[friː] / ‡reject[ridʒékt]vt. ① a) (요구·제의 등을) 거절하다, 사절하다, 각하하다. b) (무효·불량품으로서) 물리치다, 버리다; 퇴짜놓다, 무시하다. [SYN.] ⇨ REFUSE. ② a) (위가 음식을) 받지 않다, 게우다; 〖생리〗 (이식된 장기(臟器) 따위에) 거부 반응을 나타내다. b) (record changer가 세트한 판)을 연주하지 않고 건너뛰다. v. decline[dikláin], rebuff[ribʌ́f], refuse[rifjúːz], repel[ripél], repudiate[ripjúːdièit], repulse[ripʌ́ls], spurn[spəːrn] ant. accept[æksépt] / ‡convince[kənvíns] vt. +목+전+명/ +목+that절』 ┅에게 납득시키다, ┅에게 깨닫게 하다, ┅에게 확신시키다; (폐어) 논박하다, 압도하다(of; that). v. induce[indjúːs], influence[ínfluːəns], persuade[pəːrswéid], sway[swei], assure[əʃúər], reassure[rìːəʃúəːr], satisfy[sǽtisfài] ant. dissuade[diswéid] discourage[diskə́ːridʒ] / ‡betray[bitréi] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 배반[배신]하다; (조국·친구 등을) 팔다(in; into); (남편·아내·여자 등을) 속이다. ② (신뢰·기대·희망 따위를) 저버리다, 어기다. ③ 『+목(+전+명)』 (비밀을) 누설하다, 밀고하다(to).④ 『∼+목』 (감정·무지·약점 등을) 무심코 드러내다. ⑤ 『+that 절/ +목+(to be) 보』 ┅임을 나타내다; ┅이 ┅임을 알다. v. deceive[disíːv], delude[dilúːd], trick[trik], disclose[disklóuz], divulge[divʌ́ldʒ], expose[ikspóuz], report[ripɔ́ːrt], reveal[rivíːl], abandon[əbǽndən] / ‡attitude[ǽtitjùːd] n. ① (사람·물건 등에 대한) 태도, 마음가짐. ② 자세(posture), 몸가짐, 거동. ③ 〖항공·우주〗 (비행) 자세(지평선이나 특정 별과 기체의 축과의 관계로 정해지는 항공기나 우주선의 위치[방향]). ④ (사물에 대한) 의견, 심정(to, toward).
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/t5r-NWo0lYg
While it is true that there is no law that compels us to say "Please," there is a social practice much older and more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil. And the first requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service. "Please" and "Thank you" are the small change with which we pay our way as social beings. They are the little courtesies by which we keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly. They put our intercourse upon the basis of a friendly cooperation, an easy give and take, instead of on the basis of superiors dictating to inferiors. It is a very vulgar mind that would wish to command where he can have the service for the asking, and have it with willingness and good feeling instead of resentment.
[문법분석]
[접속사(부사절) ~하는 동안]While it[가주어] is true that[진주어] there is no law that[관계대명사] compels[compel A to B: A가 B하도록 재촉하다] us to say "Please," there is a social practice (which is 생략됨) much[비교급 수식: 훨씬 더 오래된] older and more[비교급 수식: 더욱 신성한] sacred than[비교급] any law which[관계대명사] enjoins[enjoin A to B: A가 B하라고 명령하다] us to be civil. And the first requirement of civility is that[접속사: 명사절(보어임)] we should[조동사(권고, 충고, 후회): ~해야만 하다] acknowledge a service. "Please" and "Thank you" are the small change with which[관계대명사: 선행사는 the small change] we pay our way as[전치사: ~로써] social beings. They[=please and thank you] are the little courtesies by which[관계대명사: 선행사는 the little courtesies] we keep[keep A B: A가 B되도록 유지하다(5형식)] A(the machine of life) B(oiled and running sweetly). They put[put A 전치사(upon) B: A를 B에 놓다] our intercourse upon the basis of a friendly cooperation, an easy give and take, instead of[전치사구: ~대신에] on the basis of[전치사구: ~에 기반하여] superiors dictating to inferiors. [강조용법]It is a very vulgar mind[강조] that would wish to command where[부사절: ~ 곳에] he can have the service for the asking, and have it with willingness and good feeling instead of resentment.
While it is true that there is no law that compels us to say "Please,"(어떠한 법도 우리를 "Please" 라고 말하도록 강제하는 것이 없다는 것은 사실일지라도,) there is a social practice much older and more sacred(~보다 더 오래되고 신성한 사회적 통렴이 있다) than any law which enjoins us to be civil(우리를 예의 바르게 강요하는 어떠한 법). And the first requirement of civility is(그리하여 정중함의 첫번째 요구는 ~이다) that we should acknowledge a service(우리는 봉사를 인식해여야만 한다는 것). "Please" and "Thank you" are the small change("Please"와 "Thank you"는 작은 변화이다) with which we pay our way as social beings(우리가 사회적 존재로서 떳떳이 살아가는). They are the little courtesies(그것들은 작은 예의이다) by which we keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly(우리가 삶이라는 기계에 기름을 치고 부드럽게 돌아가도록하는 것으로). They put our intercourse upon the basis of a friendly cooperation(그것들은 우리의 대화를 우호적인 협력의 토대위에 올려 놓는다), an easy give and take(쉽게 주고 받는), instead of on the basis of superiors dictating to inferiors(아랫사람에게 명령하는 웃사람의 토대 대신에). It is a very vulgar mind(~ 저속한 사람이다) that would wish to command(명령하고 싶어하는) where he can have the service for the asking(그가 요청하면 봉사를 받을 수 있는 곳을), and have it with willingness and good feeling instead of resentment(화를 내는 것 대신에 의지와 선의로 봉사를 갖을 수 있는).
- ‡compel [kəmpél] v. (-ll-) ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명/ +목+to do』 강제하다, 억지로 ┅시키다. ② 『+목+to do』 「수동태」 ┅하지 않을 수 없다, 할 수 없이 ┅하다. v. coerce[kouə́ːrs], constrain[kənstréin], force[fɔːrs], necessitate[nisésətèit], oblige[əbláidʒ], require[rikwáiəːr] ant. coax[kouks]감언으로 설득하다 / ‡sacred [séikrid] a. ① 신성한(holy); 신에게 바쳐진, 신을 모신. [SYN.] ⇨ HOLY. ② 종교적인, 성전(聖典)의. [opp.] profane, secular. ③ 신성 불가침의; 신성시되는. ④ (사람·사물·목적 등에) 바쳐진(dedicated)(to). / enjoin [endʒɔ́in] vt. ① 『+목+전+명/ +목+to do/ +that절』 ┅에게 명령하다, (침묵·순종 따위를) 요구하다(demand); (행동 따위를) 강요하다(on, upon). ② 『+목+전+명』 〖법률〗 ┅을 금하다, ┅에게 ―하는 것을 금하다(prohibit)(from). ┈┈•∼ obedience[silence] 순종[침묵]을 명하다.① v. advise[ædváiz, əd-], command[kəmǽnd], counsel[káunsəl], direct[dirékt], urge[əːrdʒ], warn[wɔːrn], ban[bæn], forbid[fəːrbíd], hinder[híndər], prohibit [prouhíbit] ant. permit / civil [sívəl] a. ① 시민[공민(公民)]의, 공민으로서의, 공민적인. ② 문명(사회)의(civilized); 집단활동을 하는. ③ 정중한, 예의 바른, 친절한. [SYN.] ⇨ POLITE. ④ (무관에 대하여) 문관의; (군에 대하여) 민간의, 일반인의. ⑤ 국가의, 국내의, 사회의, 내정의. / pay one's way 자활하다, 빚지지 않고 살아가다, 수지가 맞다 / †courtesy [kɔ́ːrtəsi] n. U ① 예의바름, 공손[정중]함. ② C 정중[친절]한 말[행위]. ③ 호의(favor), 우대, 특별 취급. / ‡intercourse [íntərkɔ̀ːrs] n. U ① (인간의) 교제, 교섭, 왕래. ② (국가간의) 교통, 거래. ③ (신과 사람과의) 영적 교통. / ‡superior [səpíəriər , su-] n. ① 윗사람, 좌상, 상관, 선배. ② 뛰어난 사람, 상수, 우월한 사람 (in; as). / ‡dictate [díkteit , --́] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ① 구술하다, (말하여) 받아쓰게 하다(to). ② 명령하다, 지시하다(to). ―vi. 『+전+명』 ① 받아쓰기를 시키다, 구술하여 필기케 하다(to). ② 지시[명령]하다(to). / vulgar [vʌ́lgər] a. ① 저속한, (교양·취미 따위가) 야비한, 속된, 비천한; 대중의, 서민의. ② 통속적인, 세속의, 일반적으로 유포된. / for the asking 부탁하는 / 청구하는 대로, 거저, 무상으로(for nothing): / †resentment [rizéntmənt] n. U 노함, 분개; 원한.
동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/v8V9dOw_MP0
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]
It is a common saying that ①thought is free. A man can never be hindered from thinking whatever he chooses as long as he conceals ②what he thinks. The working of his mind is limited only by the bounds of his experience and the power of his imagination. But this natural liberty of ③private thinking is of little value. It is unsatisfactory and even painful to the thinker himself, if he is not permitted to communicate his thoughts to others, and it is obviously of no value to his neighbors. Moreover it is extremely difficult to hide thoughts that have any power over the mind. If a man's thinking leads him to call in question ideas and customs which regulate the behavior of those about him, to reject ④beliefs which they hold, to see better ways of life than those they follow, it is almost impossible for him, , not to betray by silence, chance words, or general attitude that he is different from them and does not share their opinions. Some have preferred, like Socrates, some would prefer today, to face death rather than conceal their thoughts. Thus ⑤freedom of thought, in any valuable sense, includes freedom of speech.
1. 위 글에 나타난 지은의 심정은?1)
① critical ② confirmatory
③ admonishing ④ thinking
⑤ unpersuasive
2. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 나머지 넷과 가리키는 것이 다른 것은?2)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
3. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?3)
① To believe is to be more important than any other
thinking.
② The death of Socrates is the good example to many
people.
③ The thought is not to be concealed, but to be shared
with others.
④ The thinking pain is made by the concealment of
communication.
⑤ The private thinking always contributes to good
relationship among others.
4. 위 글의 빈칸에 적절한 표현 어구는?4)
① if he is convinced of the truth of his own reasoning
② though he always believes whatever he chooses
③ when he gets a chance to communicate with others
④ because the lump of words should be sent to others
⑤ if he runs the risk of death after speaking of his
reasoning.
5. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?5)
① 생각은 자신만의 유일한 자유의 영역이다.
② 경험의 한계와 상상력만으로 생각의 한계가 있다.
③ 자신의 사고가 전달되지 않는 경우엔 고통이 따른다.
④ 생각의 자유는 연설의 자유와 일맥상통한다.
⑤ 소크라테스와 같은 사상을 지지하는 사람들은 자신의 생
각을 숨기려 죽음을 불사한다.
★ 동영상 강좌 바로가기 http://youtu.be/FMGTx7-E9Lc
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]
While it is true that there is no law that compels us to say "Please," there is a social practice much older and more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil. And the first requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service. "Please" and "Thank you" are the small change with which we pay our way as social beings. ⒶThey are the little courtesies by which we keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly. They put our intercourse upon the basis of a friendly cooperation, an easy give and take, instead of on the basis of superiors dictating to inferiors. It is Ⓑa very vulgar mind that would wish to command where he can have the service for the asking, and have it with willingness and good feeling instead of resentment.
6. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?6)
① the law for civility should be passed on soon.
② The adequate education would be necessary for
superiors.
③ We should keep the word, "Give and Take".
④ A little friendliness makes a society more abundant.
⑤ Our communication should be on the basis of a
service.
7. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓐ가 가리키는 것은?7)
① services ② "Please" and "Thank you"
③ social beings ④ small changes
⑤ social practices
8. 위 글의 밑줄 친 Ⓑ에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것은?8)
① one whose mind isn't good for others tries to be kind.
② one whom he wants to talk to doesn't want accept his
favor.
③ one feels angry at unjustice or unkindness.
④ one has good terms with others.
⑤ one who wants to get something without courtesies
9. 위 글의 주제와 관련이 가장 적은 단어는?9)
① civility ② service
③ courtesy ④ cooperation
⑤ command
10. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?10)
① 사회적 관행을 중요시하고 있다.
② 정중한 예의는 봉사에 대한 인식이다.
③ 사회의 일원으로서 지켜야할 도리를 말하고 있다.
④ 원활한 사회의 순환은 같은 작은 배려로 시작된다.
⑤ 아랫사람에게의 작은 봉사는 더 좋은 유대관계를 만든
다.
1) ②
2) ④
3) ③
4) ①
5) ⑤
6) ④
7) ②
8) ⑤
9) ⑤
10) ⑤
가까운 서점에서 교재를 구매하실 수 있습니다.
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/JCGhJMC2xlE
Before you ①discuss the resolution, let me place before you one or two things, I want you to understand two things very clearly and to consider them from the same point of view ②from which I am placing them before you. I ask you to consider ③it from my point of view, ④because if you approve of it, you will be enjoined to carry out ⑤all I say. ⑥It will be a great responsibility. There are people who ⑦ask me whether I am the same man that I was in 1920, or whether there has been any change in me. You are right in asking that question.
Let me, however, hasten to assure that I am the same Gandhi as I was in 1920. I have not changed in any fundamental respect. I ⑧attach the same importance to non-violence that I did then. ⑨If at all, my emphasis on it has grown stronger. There is no real contradiction between the present resolution and my previous writings and utterances.
⑩Occasions like the present do not occur in everybody’s and but rarely in anybody’s life. I want you to know and feel that there is ⑪nothing but purest Ahimsa in all that I am saying and doing today. The draft resolution of ⑫the Working Committee is based on Ahimsa, the contemplated struggle similarly ⑬has its roots in Ahimsa. If, therefore, there is ⑭any among you who has lost faith in Ahimsa or is wearied of it, ⑮let him not vote for this resolution.
Let me explain my position clearly. God has ⑯vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa. I and my Ahimsa are ⑰on our trail today. ⑱If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged un-wrongly of the great gift. I must act now. ⑲I may not hesitate and merely look on, when Russia and China are threatened.
① discuss(타동사)로 about/over와 같은 전치사를 수반해서는 안됨. / place의 목적어는 one or two things = let me place one or two things before you.
② I am placing them(one or two things) from the same point of view before you. which의 선행사는 the same point of view(같은 견해)
③ it = the same point of view를 가리킴
④ , because : 앞 ‘,’로 인해 계속적인 용법으로 해석
⑤ all (that/which) I say : say의 목적어 all을 수식하여 관계대명사(that 또는 which)가 생략됨.
⑥ It = you will ~ all I say(제가 말하는 것을 이행하지 않을 수 없는 것)
⑦ ask me whether A or B : 나에게 A인지 B인지를 물어보다.
⑧ attach A to B : A를 B에 첨가하다 : 비폭력을 똑같이 강조하다. / did = attached
⑨ if at all = at least적어도
⑩ 결코 변화는 없을 것을 강조함. but rarely 단지 ~않는
⑪ nothing but = only / Ahimsa : 비폭력주의를 일컬음 = non-violence
⑫ 운영위원회
⑬ ~에 뿌리를 두다
⑭ ~한 사람이 혹시라도 있으시면,
⑮ let[사역동사]+him[목적어]+not vote[원형동사] : 그가 이 결의안에 투표를 하게해서는 안 된다.
⑯ vouchsafe to A B : A에게 B를 주다
⑰ 진행 중인
⑱ If[가정법현재] in ~ crisis[부사구], when ~ deliverance[부사절], I failed ~. [종속절], God will ~[주절].
⑲ may(~하고 싶다) : 머뭇거리거나 단지 방관하고 싶지 않다.
Before you discuss the resolution(여러분이 해결안을 토론하기 전), let me place before you one or two things(제가 여러분 앞에 한두 가지를 제안하겠습니다), I want you to understand two things very clearly and to consider them(저는 여러분이 그 두 가지를 아주 명확하게 이해하여 숙고하시길 바랍니다) from the same point of view(같은 견해로) from which I am placing them before you(제가 여러분 앞에 2가지 제시하고 있는). I ask you to consider it from my point of view(저의 견해로 여러분이 그것에 숙고하시길 요청드립니다), because if you approve of it(만일 여러분이 그것을 승인하신다면), you will be enjoined to carry out all I say(여러분은 제가 말하는 것을 이행하지 않을 수 없기 때문입니다). It will be a great responsibility(그것은 큰 책임입니다). There are people who ask me(저에게 물어보는 사람들이 있습니다) whether I am the same man that I was in 1920(제가 1920년과 같은 사람인지), or whether there has been any change in me(제가 변했는지 아닌지를). You are right in asking that question(그 질문을 하시는 여러분은 정당합니다).
Let me, however, hasten to assure that I am the same Gandhi as I was in 1920(그러나 저는 1920년과 같은 똑같은 사람임을 강조하려 합니다). I have not changed in any fundamental respect(저는 근본적으로 전혀 변하지 않았습니다). I attach the same importance to non-violence that I did then(제가 그 당시 강조한 비폭력에 중요성을 두고 있습니다). If at all(적어도), my emphasis on it has grown stronger(그에 대한 저의 확신은 더욱 강해졌습니다). There is no real contradiction(전혀 모순은 없습니다) between the present resolution and my previous writings and utterances(현재의 결단과 이전 글과 언행사이에).
Occasions like the present do not occur in everybody’s and but rarely in anybody’s life(현재와 같은 상황은 모든 사람의 인생에서 일어나지도 않고 어떤 이의 인생에서도 거의 일어나지 않습니다). I want you to know and feel that there is nothing but purest Ahimsa1 in all that I am saying and doing today(제가 오늘 말씀드리고자하는 것은 단지 가장 순수한 비폭력주의를 여러분이 알고 느끼고자하는 것입니다). The draft resolution of the Working Committee is based on Ahimsa(운영위원회의 결의안 초안은 비폭력주의에 기초를 둡니다), the contemplated struggle similarly has its roots in Ahimsa(숙고한 투쟁은 이와 유사하게 비폭력주의에 뿌리를 두고 있습니다). If, therefore, there is any among you who has lost faith in Ahimsa or is wearied of it(그러므로, 혹시, 여러분 중 비폭력주의의 신념을 잃었거나 그것에 지쳐있는 사람이 있으시다면), let him not vote for this resolution(그분이 이 결의안을 위한 투표를 하시면 안 됩니다).
Let me explain my position clearly(제가 제 입장을 명확히 밝혀두겠습니다). God has vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa(신은 비폭력주의 무기의 값진 선물을 저에게 내려 주셨습니다). I and my Ahimsa are on our trail today(저와 비폭력주의는 지금 진행 중입니다). If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance(만일 현재의 위기상황에서, 지상이 비폭력주의 불꽃에 그슬리고 해방을 울부짖어), I failed to make use of the God given talent(제가 신이 주신 재능을 최대한 발휘하지 못한다면), God will not forgive me(신은 저를 용서하지 않을 것이며) and I shall be judged un-wrongly of the great gift(저는 단연코 그 재능에 대한 벌을 받게 될 것입니다). I must act now(저는 행동으로 보여야만 합니다). I may not hesitate and merely look on(머뭇거리거나 단지 방관도하고 싶지 않습니다), when Russia and China are threatened(러시아와 중국이 위협을 하는 이때에).
- ‡quit [kwit] a. 용서되어; 면제되어. / ‡resolution [rèzəlúːʃ-ən] n. ① U,C 결심, 결의. ② U 확고한 정신, 과단. ③ C 결의, 결의안[문]. ④ U 해결, 해답(of). ⑤ U 분해, 분석(into). / ⁂Place [pleis] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 두다, 놓다; 명중시키다; 배치[배열]하다, 정돈하다; (광고를) 신문[잡지]에 싣다; (심의 따위를 하기 위해) (계획 따위를) 제출하다, 의제로서 내놓다. [SYN.] ⇨ PUT. ② 『+목+전+명』 직위에 앉히다; 임명하다; (아무)에 일[집]을 찾아 주다. ③ 『+목/ +목+전+명』 (주문을) 내다, ┅을 주문하다. / †enjoin [endʒɔ́in] vt. ① 『+목+전+명/ +목+to do/ +that절』 ┅에게 명령하다, (침묵·순종 따위를) 요구하다(demand); (행동 따위를) 강요하다(on, upon). ② 『+목+전+명』 〖법률〗 ┅을 금하다, ┅에게 ―하는 것을 금하다(prohibit)(from). / ‡hasten [héisn] v. ―vt. 『∼+목 / +목+부』 서두르다, 죄어치다, 재촉하다; 빠르게 하다, 촉진하다. ―vi. 『∼ / +부 / +to do / +전+명』 서둘러 가다(to); 서두르다. [cf.] hurry. / ‡fundamental [fʌ̀ndəméntl] a. ① 기초의, 기본의, 근본적인, 중요[주요]한, 필수의. / †contradiction [kɑ̀ntrədíkʃən / kɔ̀n-] n. U,C ① 부인, 부정; 반박, 반대. ② 모순, 당착; 모순된 행위 / †utterance1 [ʌ́tərəns] n. U ① 말함, 발언, 발성; 말하는 능력, 발표력; / Working Committee 운영위원회 / draft resolution 결의안 초안 / ‡contemplate [kɑ́ntəmplèit / kɔ́ntem-] v.―vt. ① 찬찬히 보다, 정관하다, 관찰하다. ② 잘 생각하다, 심사 숙고하다. [SYN.] ⇨ CONSIDER. / vouchsafe [vautʃséif] vt. ∼+목/ +목+목/ +to do』 허용하다, 주다, 내리다; ┅해주시다. / ‡scorch [skɔːrtʃ]v.―vt. ① ┅을 눋게 하다, 그슬리다. ② (햇볕이 살갗을) 태우다, (초목을 열로) 시들게 하다, 말라죽게 하다. ③ 호되게 헐뜯다, 몹시 꾸짖다, ┅에게 욕지거리하다. / deliverance [dilívərəns] n. ① U 구출, 구조; 석방, 해방(from). ② (공식) 의견; 진술; 발표; (배심의) 평결(verdict).
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/5BGh_uzKC6g
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]
Before you discuss the resolution, let me place before you one or two things, I want you to understand two things very clearly and consider/to consider them from the same point of view from which I am placing them before you. I ask you to consider it from my point of view, because if you approve of it, you will be enjoined/enjoin to carry out all I say. It will be a great responsibility. There are people who ask me when/whether I am the same man that I was in 1920, or whether there has been any change in me. You are right in asking that question.
Let me, however, hasten to assure that I am the same Gandhi as I was in 1920. I have not changed in any fundamental respect. I attach the same importance to non-violence that I did then. If at all, ______________________. There is no real contradiction between the present resolution and my previous writings and utterances.
Occasions like the present do not occur in everybody’s and but rarely in anybody’s life. I want you to know and feel that there is nothing but purest Ahimsa1 in all that I am saying and doing today. The draft resolution of the Working Committee is based on Ahimsa, the contemplated struggle similarly has its roots in Ahimsa. If, therefore, there is any among you who has lost faith in Ahimsa or is wearied of it, let him not vote for this resolution.
Let me explain my position clearly. God has vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa. I and my Ahimsa are on our trail today. If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa2 and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged un-wrongly of the great gift. I must act now. I may not hesitate and merely look on, when Russia and China are threatened.
1. What's is the main topic?1)
① India under the tremendous threat
② India's independence
③ Non-violence; Ahimsa
④ Many people have many minds.
⑤ Who will lead India?
2. What is the addressor's mood?2)
① resolved
② resonant
③ resourceful
④ respectful
⑤ resolvable
3. What is the proper expression in the underlined blank?3)
① my emphasis on it has grown stronger.
② I'm very sorry to change my mind.
③ my expression makes you a little confused.
④ you should all understand my emphasis.
⑤ Who will give us the freedom of speech?
4. 위 글의 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?4)
① consider be enjoined when
② to consider enjoin when
③ consider enjoin whether
④ to consider be enjoin ed whether
⑤ consider be enjoined whether
5. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?5)
① 작가는 2가지 제안을 명확히 숙고할 것을 부탁하고 있
다.
② 여러분의 책임은 결정을 순순히 따르는 것이다.
③ 제가 과거와 약간의 변화를 말씀드리지 않을 수 없다.
④ 작가의 주장은 비폭력주의가 원칙이다.
⑤ 비폭력주의의 신념에 흔들리는 사람은 결의안에 투표해
서는 안 된다.
TOEIC 문제
6. 6)
Before you discuss the resolution, let me place before you one or two things, I want you to understand two things very clearly and to consider them from the same point of view _________ I am placing them before you.
① from which ② which
③ at which ④ of which
7. 7)
I ask you to consider it from my point of view, because if you approve of it, you will be enjoined to carry out all I say. It will be a great ___________.
① possibility ② opportunity
③ consideration ④ responsibility
8. 8)
________ people who ask me whether I am the same man that I was in 1920, or whether there has been any change in me. You are right in asking that question.
① It has ② There are
③ When ④ If
9. 9)
Let me, however, hasten to assure that I am the same Gandhi as I was in 1920. I have not changed in any fundamental respect. I __________ the same importance to non-violence that I did then.
① attach ② detach
③ reserve ④ ignore
10. 10)
If at all, my emphasis on it has grown stronger. There is no real ___________ between the present resolution and my previous writings and utterances.
① satisfaction ② theory
③ contradiction ④ equality
11. 11)
Occasions like the present do not occur in everybody’s and _________ in anybody’s life. I want you to know and feel that there is nothing but purest Ahimsa in all that I am saying and doing today.
① make ② hard
③ does ④ but rarely
12. 12)
The draft resolution of the Working Committee is based on Ahimsa, the contemplated struggle similarly has its roots in Ahimsa. ______, therefore, there is any among you who has lost faith in Ahimsa or is wearied of it, let him not vote for this resolution.
① Because ② Because of
③ If ④ Though
13. 13)
Let me explain my position _______. God has vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa. I and my Ahimsa are on our trail today.
① vaguely ② tightly
③ clearly ④ monotonously
14. 14)
If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for ________, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged un-wrongly of the great gift.
① deliverance ② restraint
③ benevolence ④ death
15. 15)
I must act now. I may not hesitate and _______ look on, when Russia and China are threatened.
① extraordinary ② infamously
③ surprisingly ④ merely
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/hCC7n4wIisg
①Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, ②essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship. A non-violent soldier of freedom ③will covet nothing for himself, he fights only for the freedom of his country. The Congress ④is unconcerned as to who will rule, when freedom is attained. The power, ⑤when it comes, will belong to the people of India, and ⑥it will be for them to ⑦decide to whom it placed in the entrusted. May be that the reins will be placed in the hands of the Parsis, for instance - ⑧as I would love to see happen - or they may be handed to some others whose names are not heard in the Congress today. It will not be for you then to object saying, “This community is microscopic. That party did not play its due part in the freedom’s struggle; why ⑨should it have all the power?” ⑩Ever since its inception the Congress has kept itself meticulously free of the communal taint. ⑪It has thought always in terms of the whole nation and has acted accordingly. . .
I know ⑫how imperfect our Ahimsa is and how far away we are still from the ideal, but in Ahimsa there is no final failure or defeat. I have faith, therefore, that if, in spite of our shortcomings, the big thing does happen, ⑬it will be because God wanted to help us by crowning with success our silent, unremitting Sadhana for the last twenty-two years.
I believe that in the history of the world, ⑭there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours. I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution. But ⑮it is my conviction that ⑯inasmuch as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence they failed to realize the democratic ideal. In the democracy which I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master. ⑰It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today. ⑱Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.
① Ours = our drive / not A, but B : A가 아닌 B인
② the Congress scheme of things, (which is) essentially non-violent as it is(현재와 같이)
③ will[의지, 고집의 용법] : 자신을 위한 어떠한 것도 탐하지 않으려 하다.
④ ~무관심하다
⑤ 도래하여, 기회가 되어
⑥ it = the power
⑦ decide to A(whom) B(it placed[과거분사]) in the entrusted : A에게 B를 주는 것을 결정하다.
⑧ as I would love to see happen(제가 원하듯이) - or they(the reins) may be handed to some others(권력이 이행되다) whose names are not heard in the Congress today(의회에서 낮설은 인물)
⑨ 후회, 유감, it=the party : 왜 그들이 모든 권력을 가져야하지?
⑩ has kept(현재완료 계속) : 초기부터 의회는 자치단체의 오점으로 부터 아주 자유로운 상태로 유지되어 왔다.
⑪ It[the Congress] / in terms of[관점에서] / accordingly 따라서
⑫ how+형용사+주어+동사 and how+형용사+주어+동사 : 우리의 비폭력주의가 참으로 불안전하고 우리는 그 이상과는 아주 멀리 떨어져 있다는 것
⑬ it will be because ~ : 그것은 ~이기 때문이다.
⑭ not more A than B : B를 강조함 : B보다 더한 A는 없는 / ours = our genuinely democratic struggle
⑮ [강조용법] it is my conviction that ~ : ~은 바로 제 양심입니다. /
⑯ because의 뜻
⑰ [강조용법] It is to join a struggle ~ that ... : 저는 오늘 여러분들을 초대하여 이 민주적인 투쟁에 함께하고자 합니다.
⑱ [접속사] 일단 ~한다면
Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence(우리의 운동은 힘을 내세운 운동이 아닌 인도독립을 위한 순수한 비폭력 저항입니다). In a violent struggle(폭력적인 투쟁에서), a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship(성공한 장군은 군사반란의 빌미 제공하며 독재정권을 세우는 것으로 잘 알려져 있습니다). But under the Congress scheme of things(그러나 의회제도 하에서), essentially non-violent as it is(지금과 같은 근본적인 비폭력적인), there can be no room for dictatorship(독재정권의 여지는 전혀 없습니다). A non-violent soldier of freedom will covet nothing for himself(자유를 염원하는 비폭력 군인은 자신을 위해 어떠한 보답을 탐하지도 않고), he fights only for the freedom of his country(자신의 조국을 위한 자유의 일념으로 투쟁합니다). The Congress is unconcerned as to who will rule, when freedom is attained(자유가 쟁취될 때, 의회는 누가 국가를 통치하든 관심이 없습니다). The power, when it comes, will belong to the people of India(때가 되면, 권력은 인도국민들 것이 될 것이고), and it will be for them to decide to whom it placed in the entrusted(국민들로 하여금 신임 하에 있는 사람에게 권력을 주 결정하는 것이 권력입니다). May be that the reins will be placed in the hands of the Parsis(권력이 파시교도(인도사람들)의 손에 놓이게 해 주소서), for instance(예를 들어) - as I would love to see happen(제가 원하듯) - or they may be handed to some others whose names are not heard in the Congress today(권력이 오늘날 의회에서 거론된 적이 없는 사람에게 권력이 양도되도록). It will not be for you then to object saying(다음과 같은 말을 반대하는 것은 여러분에 이롭지 않을 것입니다), “This community is microscopic. That party did not play its due part in the freedom’s struggle; why should it have all the power?(이 사회는 참으로 하찮아. 그 당은 독립투쟁에서 제 역할을 하지 않았잖아; 왜 그 당이 모든 권력을 가져야하지?” Ever since its inception(권력이 시작부터) the Congress has kept itself meticulously free of the communal taint(의회는 자치단체의 오점으로부터 아주 자유로운 상태로 유지되고 있읍니다). It has thought always in terms of the whole nation and has acted accordingly(의회는 국가라는 관점에서 늘 고려되어져 왔고 그에 따라 행동해 왔습니다). . .
I know how imperfect our Ahimsa is and how far away we are still from the ideal(우리의 비폭력주의가 참으로 불안전하고 우리는 그 이상과는 아주 멀리 떨어져 있다는 것을 저는 압니다), but in Ahimsa there is no final failure or defeat(그러나 비폭력주의에선 어떠한 궁극적인 실패나 패배는 없습니다). I have faith, therefore(그러므로 저는 믿음을 갖고 있습니다), that if, in spite of our shortcomings(우리의 부족함에도 불구하고), the big thing does happen(큰 일이 일어난다면), it will be because God wanted to help us by crowning with success our silent, unremitting Sadhana for the last twenty-two years(그것은 신이 지난 22년 동안 성공적으로 우리의 침묵하고 꾸준한 성취의 노력에 보답을 주고자 우리를 도운 것이기 때문일 것입니다).
I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours(세계의 역사에서 우리의 역사보다 더 아주 진정한 민주적인 자유 투쟁은 없었습니다). I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution(저는 감옥에 있는 동안 Carlyle의 프랑인의 결단에 관한 책을 읽었고 Pandit은 저에게 러시아혁명에 관한 것을 들려주었습니다). But it is my conviction(바로 저의 인식입니다) that inasmuch as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence(이러한 투쟁은 폭력을 위한 무기를 들고 싸웠기 때문에) they failed to realize the democratic ideal(그들은 민주적인 이상을 실현하지는 못했습니다). In the democracy which I have envisaged(제가 마음속에 그린 민주주의는), a democracy established by non-violence(비폭력에 의해 구성된 민주주의이며), there will be equal freedom for all(모든 국민들에게 동등한 자유를 주는 것입니다). Everybody will be his own master(모든 사람이 자신의 주인이 될 것입니다). It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today(저는 오늘 여러분들을 초대하여 이 민주적인 투쟁에 함께하고자 합니다). Once you realize this(일단 여러분이 이 사실을 깨달으면) you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims(힌두교와 이슬람교의 차이점을 잊게될 것이고), and think of yourselves as Indians only(오로지 인도국민으로서 자신을 생각할 것입니다), engaged in the common struggle for independence(독립을 위한 공통의 투쟁에 참여하는).
coup [kuː] n. (pl. ∼s [kuːz]) 【F.】 타격; 멋진[불의의] 일격; (사업 등의) 대히트, 대성공; 명안; 쿠데타. / ‡effect [ifékt] vt. ① (변화 등을) 가져오다, 초래하다. ② 실행하다; (목적 따위를) 성취하다, 완수하다. / ‡scheme [skiːm] n. ① 계획, 기획, 설계. [SYN.] ⇨ PLAN. ② 획책, 책략, 음모; 비현실적인 계획. ③ 짬, 조직, 기구. / †covet [kʌ́vit] v. ―vt. ① (남의 것을) 몹시 탐내다, 바라다, 선망하다. ② 갈망하다, 절망[열망]하다. ―vi. 『+전+명』 몹시 바라다. / unconcerned [ʌ̀nkənsə́ːrnd] a. ① 걱정하지 않는; 태연한, 무사 태평한(about). ② 관계치 않는, 상관없는(in); 관심을 가지지 않는, 개의치 않는(with; at). / ‡attain [ətéin] v. ―vt. ① (장소·위치 등에) 이르다, 도달하다. ② (목적·소원을) 달성하다, ┅에 달하다; (명성·부귀 따위를) 획득하다, 손에 넣다. / belong to ~에 속하다 / †rein [rein]n. ① (종종 pl.) 고삐. ② U,C 통어하는 수단; 구속(력). ③ (pl.) 지배권, 지휘권. / Parsis : 파시교도(회교도의 박해로 8세기에 인도로 피신한 조로아스터 교도의 자손들) / ⁂object [əbdʒékt ] v. ―vi. 『∼/ +전+명』 ① 반대하다, 이의를 말하다, 항의하다(to; against). ② 불평을 품다, 반감을 가지다, 싫어하다, 불만이다(to). / †microscopic, -ical [màikrəskɑ́pik / -skɔ́p-], [-əl] a. 현미경의[에 의한]; 현미경적인; 현미경 관찰의; 극히 작은, 극미의; / ‡saying [séiiŋ] n. ① 말하기, 말, 진술. ② 속담, 격언; 전해 오는 말. / inception [insépʃən] n. 처음, 시작, 개시, 발단; / meticulous [mətíkjələs] a. (구어) (주의 따위가) 지나치게 세심한, 매우 신중한; 소심한; 엄밀한(about). ㉺∼ly ―ad. 너무 세심하게, 지나치게 소심하여. / communal [kəmjúːnl, kɑ́mjə- / kɔ́m-] a. 자치단체의, 시읍면(市邑面)의; 공공의; / †taint [teint]n. ① C 더럼; 얼룩, 오점. [cf.] soil, stain. ② C 오명; 치욕(of). ③ U 감염; 병독, 해독; 부패, 타락; 폐해; 결함. ④ C 기미, 흔적. / †shortcoming [ʃɔ́ːrtkʌ̀miŋ] n. ① 결점, 단점, 모자라는 점. ② 결핍, 부족. ③ 흉작. / ⁂crown [kraun] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+보』 ┅에게 왕관을 씌우다; 왕위에 앉히다. ② 『+목+전+명』 ┅의 꼭대기에 얹다[올려놓다](with), (치아에 금관 따위를) 씌우다. ③ 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』┅에게 영관(榮冠)을 주다; (종국에 가서) 갚다, 보답하다; ┅의 최후를 장식하다, 마무르다, 성취하다. / unremitted [ʌ̀nrimítid] a. 사면[경감]되지 않는(죄·부채); 부단한, 꾸준한. / Sadhana : 성취의 수단 / ‡genuine [ʤénjuin] a. ① 진짜의, 정짜의. [SYN.] ⇨ REAL. ② (원고·서명 등이) 저자 친필의. ③ 진심에서 우러난, 성실한(sincere, real). / ‡conviction [kənvíkʃən] n. ① U,C 신념, 확신. [SYN.] ⇨ CONFIDENCE. ② U 설득(력), 설득행위. ③ U 죄의 자각, 양심의 가책. / pandit [pʌ́ndit, pǽn-] n. 【Ind.】 학자, 교사; (P-) (존칭으로서) ┅선생; 관리. / inasmúch às [ìnəzmʌ́tʃ-] ┅이므로, ┅하므로, ┅인 까닭에 (because, since, seeing that┅); / envisage [invízidʒ] vt. (상황을) 마음 속에 그리다, 상상하다. /
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/tOlJxUXWHXc
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [16~20]
Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room/rooms for dictatorship. A non-violent soldier of freedom will covet nothing for himself, he fights only for the freedom of his country. The Congress is unconcerned as to who will rule, when freedom is attained. The power, when it comes, will belong to the people of India, and it will be for them to decide to whom it placed/is placed in the entrusted. May be that the reins will be placed in the hands of the Parsis, for instance-as I would love to see happen-or they may be handed to some others whose names are not heard in the Congress today. It will not be for you then to object saying, “This community is microscopic. That party did not play its due part in the freedom’s struggle; why should it have all the power?” Ever since its inception the Congress has kept itself meticulously free of the communal taint. It has thought always in terms of the whole nation and has acted accordingly. . .
I know how imperfect our Ahimsa is and how far away we are still from the ideal, but in Ahimsa there is no final failure or defeat. I have faith, therefore, that if, in spite of our shortcomings, the big thing does happen, it will be because God wanted to help us by crowning with success our silent, unremitting Sadhana for the last twenty-two years.
I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours. I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution. But it is my conviction that/which inasmuch as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence they failed to realize the democratic ideal. In the democracy which I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master. It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today. Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.
16. 위 글의 주제가 가장 적절한 것은?16)
① In retrospect, sometimes the means and ends is
necessary.
② Indians should rise up for the strong congress.
③ Our priority is to seek for non-violent struggle.
④ The unity of peoples is a starting step for democracy.
⑤ The prosperity for India is far away from now.
17. 위 글에서 지은이가 강조하는 것과 거리가 먼 것은?17)
① Congress scheme
② communal taint
③ no final failure or defeat
④ our silent, unremitting Sadhana
⑤ our history
18. What is not related to the Congress?18)
① based on non-violent essentially
② secretly concerned about who will rule the country
③ free of communal corruption
④ acting in terms of the whole nation
⑤ the place on which the author places the emphasis
19. 위 글에서 네모상자 안의 적절한 단어는?19)
① room it placed that
② room is placed that
③ rooms it placed that
④ rooms is placed which
⑤ rooms it placed which
20. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?20)
① 우리의 독립운동은 순수한 비폭력 저항이다.
② 성공한 장군은 군사반란의 빌미를 제공한다.
③ 의회제도 하에서는 독재정권의 여지는 전혀 없다.
④ 비폭력적인 병사는 의회 제도를 위해 헌신한다.
⑤ 권력은 국민에 의한 선택된 자에게 부여된다.
TOEIC 문제
21. 21)
Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to _______ a military coup and to set up a dictatorship.
① do ② avoid
③ defeat ④ effect
22. 22)
But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship. A non-violent soldier of freedom will ______ nothing for himself, he fights only for the freedom of his country.
① regain ② covet
③ earn ④ expect
23. 23)
The Congress is ________ as to who will rule, when freedom is attained. The power, when it comes, will belong to the people of India, and it will be for them to decide to whom it placed in the entrusted.
① unconcerned ② enthusiastic
③ struggling ④ predominant
24. 24)
May be that the reins will be placed in the hands of the Parsis, for instance - as I would love to see happen - or they may be handed to some others ______ names are not heard in the Congress today.
① their ② whom
③ of ④ whose
25. 25)
It will not be for you then to object saying, “This community is microscopic. That party did not play its _____ part in the freedom’s struggle; why should it have all the power?”
① improper ② due
③ small ④ irresponsible
26. 26)
Ever since its inception the Congress has kept itself meticulously free of the communal taint. It has thought always _____ the whole nation and has acted accordingly.
① in terms of ② in order for
③ in addition to ④ regardless of
27. 27)
I know how _______ our Ahimsa is and how far away we are still from the ideal, but in Ahimsa there is no final failure or defeat.
① accomplished ② reasonable
③ imperfect ④ successful
28. 28)
I have faith, therefore, that if, in spite of our shortcomings, the big thing does happen, it will be _____ God wanted to help us by crowning with success our silent, unremitting Sadhana for the last twenty-two years.
① why ② where
③ when ④ because
29. 29)
I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ______. I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution.
① our freedom ② ours
③ our resolution ④ theirs
30. 30)
But it is my ________ that inasmuch as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence they failed to realize the democratic ideal.
① memory ② conviction
③ background ④ knowledge
31. 31)
In the democracy ______ I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master.
① which ② in which
③ of which ④ from which
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/SalWuOCK4To
Then, there is the question of your attitude towards the British. I have noticed that there is hatred towards the British among the people. ①The people say they are disgusted with their behaviour. The people make no distinction between British imperialism and the British people. To them, ②the two are one. This hatred would even make them welcome the Japanese. It is most dangerous. It means that they will ③exchange one slavery for another. We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism. The proposal for the withdrawal of British power did not come out of anger. ④It came to enable India to play its due part at the present critical juncture ⑤It is not a happy position for a big country like India to be merely helping with money and material obtained willy-nilly from ⑥her while the United Nations are conducting the war. We cannot evoke the true spirit of sacrifice and valor, ⑦so long as we are not free. I know the British Government will not be able to ⑧withhold freedom from us, when we have made enough self-sacrifice. We must, therefore, purge ourselves of hatred. ⑨Speaking for myself, I can say that I have never felt any hatred. As a matter of fact, I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British ⑩now than ever before. One reason is that they are today in distress. My very friendship, therefore, demands that I should try to save them from their mistakes. As I view the situation, they are ⑪on the brink of an abyss. ⑫It, therefore, becomes my duty to warn them of their danger even though ⑬it may, for the time being, anger them to the point of cutting off ⑭the friendly hand that is stretched out to help them. People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim. ⑮At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life, I may not harbour hatred against anybody.
① The people(인도 국민들) say ~ with their behaviour(영국 사람들의 행위).
② the two = the British imperialism and the British people
③ exchange A for B : A를 B로 바꾸다.
④ It = the withdrawal of British power
⑤ It 가주어 / for a big country 진주어
⑥ her = British
⑦ as[so] long as ~하는 한
⑧ withhold A from B : B로 부터 A를 억누르다.
⑨ 솔찍히
⑩ 과거와 지금을 비교하는[비교급]
⑪ 나락에 떨어질 직전
⑫ It[가주어] becomes my duty[진주어]
⑬ it = warning
⑭ 구원의 손길
⑮ At a time (when) ~ : ~할 시점에
Then, there is the question of your attitude towards the British(그렇다면, 영국 사람들에 대한 여러분의 태도에 관한 문제가 있습니다). I have noticed that there is hatred towards the British among the people(저는 국민들 사이에 영국 사람들에 대한 증오가 있다는 것을 인지해 왔습니다). The people say they are disgusted with their behaviour(인도 국민들은 영국인들의 행위에 분개한다고 말합니다). The people make no distinction between British imperialism and the British people(인도 국민들은 영국제국주의와 영국민을 구별하지 못합니다). To them, the two are one. This hatred would even make them welcome the Japanese(그들에게 있어서, 그 두 가지는 이 증오가 심지어 일본인들을 환영한다는 것이 하나입니다). It is most dangerous(그것은 지극히 위험합니다). It means that they will exchange one slavery for another(한 노예상태를 또 다른 노예상태로 바꾸는 것을 의미합니다). We must get rid of this feeling(우리는 이러한 느낌을 제거해야만 합니다). Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism(우리의 투쟁은 영국인들이 아닌 그들의 제국주의입니다). The proposal for the withdrawal of British power did not come out of anger(영국군의 철수 제안은 분노로 부터 오지 않았습니다). It came to enable India to play its due part at the present critical juncture(그것은 인도가 현재의 중요한 전환기에서 충실한 역할을 할 수 있었기 때문입니다). It is not a happy position for a big country like India to be merely helping with money and material obtained willy-nilly from her(인도와 같은 대국이 영국으로 부터 좋든 싫든 얻은 자금과 물질로 겨우 도움이 되는 것은 좋은 상황이 안입니다) while the United Nations are conducting the war(유엔이 전쟁을 치르고 있는 동안). We cannot evoke the true spirit of sacrifice and valor, so long as we are not free(우리가 자유롭지 않으면 진정한 희생과 용기를 일으킬 수 없습니다). I know the British Government will not be able to withhold freedom from us, when we have made enough self-sacrifice(우리가 충분한 자기희생정신을 갖고 있을 때, 영국정부는 우리로 부터 자유를 억압할 수 없을 거라는 것을 알고 있습니다). We must, therefore, purge ourselves of hatred(그러므로 우리는 우리 자신의 증오를 일소해야만 합니다). Speaking for myself(제 자신에게), I can say that I have never felt any hatred(저는 어떠한 증오도 느껴본 적이 없다고 말할 수 있습니다). As a matter of fact, I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British now than ever before(사실, 과거보다 지금이 영국의 더 우호적인 친구라 생각합니다). One reason is that they are today in distress(한 가지 이유는 영국은 지금 곤란한 상태에 빠져 있습니다). My very friendship, therefore, demands that I should try to save them from their mistakes(그러므로, 저의 진정한 우정은 그들이 실수를 범하지 않기를 바랄뿐입니다). As I view the situation(제가 상황을 파악하자면), they are on the brink of an abyss(그들은 나락에 떨어질 직전입니다). It, therefore, becomes my duty to warn them of their danger(그러므로 제 의무가 그들로 하여금 분노케 합니다) even though it may, for the time being, anger them to the point of cutting off the friendly hand that is stretched out to help them(비록 그것이 당분간 도움의 손길을 자를 시점에까지 분노케 할지라도). People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim(그럼에도 불구하고, 사람들은 그것은 제 주장일 뿐이라고 비웃습니다). At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life(제가 제 인생의 가장 큰 투쟁을 시작해야만 할 시점에), I may not harbour hatred against anybody(저는 어느 누구에게도 증오를 품지 않으려 합니다).
disgusted [disgʌ́stid] a. 정떨어진, 욕지기나는, 싫증난; 화나는, 분개한(at; with; by). / ‡distinction [distíŋkʃən] n. U ① 구별, 차별; C 구별 짓기. ② 대조, 대비; (TV의) 선명도; 품등, 등급. ③ U,C 상위, 다름; 차이(점)(difference). ④ (차이를 나타내는) 특성, 특질, 특징. ⑤ 탁월(성), 우수(성); 고귀, 저명. ⑥ (문체의) 특징, 개성, 기품이 높음; 기품 있는 풍채[태도]; 눈에 띄는 외관. / imperialism [impíəriəlìzəm] n. U 제국주의, 영토 확장주의; 제정(帝政). / get rid of ~을 제거하다 / ‡quarrel [kwɔ́ːrəl / kwɑ́r-] n. ① 싸움, 말다툼; 티격남, 불화. ② 싸움[말다툼]의 원인, 불평(against; with); 싸움의 구실. / juncture [dʒʌ́ŋktʃər] n. ① U 접합, 접속, 연결; C 이음매, 접합점, 관절. ② U (중대한) 때, 경우, 정세, 전기(轉機); 위기(crisis). /†withdrawal [wiðdrɔ́ː-əl, wiɵ-] n. U,C ① 움츠려들임; 움츠림; 물러남; 퇴학, 탈퇴. ② (예금·출자금 등의) 되찾기, 회수. ③ 철수, 철퇴, 철병. ④ 취소, 철회 / willy-nilly [wíliníli] ad. 싫든 좋든 간에, 좋아 하든 말든, 다짜고짜로([cf.] nill); 닥치는 대로, 마구잡이로; 난잡하게. / ‡conduct [kəndʌ́kt] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+부』 인도하다, 안내하다, 호송하다. [SYN.] ⇨ GUIDE. ② 지도하다, 지휘하다. ③ (업무 등을) 집행하다, 처리 [경영, 관리]하다. ④ 「재귀용법」 행동하다, 거동하다, 처신하다. / †evoke [ivóuk] vt. ① (기억·감정을) 불러일으키다, 환기하다; (웃음·갈채 따위를) 자아내다; (영혼 따위를) 불러내다. / ‡sacrifice [sǽkrəfàis] n. ① 희생, 산 제물, 제물. ② 희생적인 행위, 헌신 / withhold [wiðhóuld, wiɵ-] vt. (p., pp. -held [-héld]) 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① 주지「허락하지」 않고 두다, (승낙 등을) 보류하다. ② 억누르다, 억제하다, 말리다. / ‡purge [pəːrdʒ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (몸·마음을) 깨끗이 하다(of; from). ② 『∼ +목/ +목+부/ +목+전+명』 (죄(罪)·더러움을) 제거하다, 일소하다(away; off; out). / ‡distress [distrés] n. U ① 심통(心痛), 비탄(grief), 고민, 걱정(worry); C 걱정거리. [SYN.] ⇨ SORROW. ② 고통(pain); C 피로. [SYN.] ⇨ SUFFERING. ③ 가난, 곤궁; 고난, 재난, 불행; (배·비행기의) 조난. / †brink [briŋk] n. ① (벼랑 따위의) 가장자리; (산 따위의) 정상. ② 물가. ③ (┅하기) 직전, (아슬아슬한) 고비. [cf.] edge, verge. ♣on [at] the ∼ of (멸망·죽음 등)에 임하여, ┅의 직전에: / †abyss [əbís] n. 심연(深淵); 끝없이 깊은 구렁; 나락; (천지 창조 전의) 혼돈; / ‡stretch [stretʃ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+보』 뻗치다, 늘이다, 펴다, 잡아당기다. ② (시트 따위를) 깔다. ③ 『∼+목/ +목+부/ +목+전+명』 (손 따위를) 내밀다, 내뻗다(out). ④ (입·두 눈 등을) 크게 벌리다[뜨다]. ⑤ (신경 등을) 극도로 긴장시키다, 과로시키다. ⑥ (구어) (법·주의·진실 따위를) 왜곡하다, 확대 해석하다; 남용[악용]하다; (구어) 과장하다. ⑦ (음식물·마약·그림 물감 등을) (┅로) 묽게 하여 양을 늘리다 (with; by). / ‡launch1 [lɔːntʃ, lɑːntʃ] v. ―vt. ① (새로 만든 배를) 진수시키다. ② 발진(發進)시키다; (보트를) 물 위에 띄우다; (비행기를) 날리다; (로켓·수뢰 등을) 발사하다; (글라이더를) 활공[이륙]시키다. ③ 『+목+전+명』 (세상에) 내보내다, 진출[독립]시키다, (상품 따위를) 시장에 내다; (책을) 발행하다. ④ (사업 등을) 시작[착수]하다, 일으키다. / ‡harbor, 【영국】 -bour [hɑ́ːrbər] v. ―vt. ① 피난[은신]처를 제공하다; 감추다, (죄인 등을) 숨기다. ② 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 (악의 따위를) 품다.
동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/qlCgjJZFK94
★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [32~36]
Then, there is the question of your attitude towards the British. I have noticed that there is hatred towards the British among the people. The people say ①they are disgusted with their behaviour. The people make no distinction between British imperialism and the British people. To ②them, the two are one This hatred would even make ③them welcome the Japanese. It is most dangerous. It means that ④they will exchange one slavery for another. We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight ⑤their imperialism. The proposal for the withdrawal of British power did not come out of anger. It came to enable India to play its due part at the present critical juncture It is not a happy position for a big country like India to be merely helping with money and material obtained willy-nilly from her while the United Nations are conducting the war. We cannot evoke the true spirit of sacrifice and valor, so long as we are not free. I know the British Government will not be able to withhold freedom from us, when we have made enough self-sacrifice. We must, therefore, purge ourselves of hatred. Speaking for myself, I can say that I have never felt any hatred. Ⓐ , I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British now than ever before. One reason is that they are today in distress. My very friendship, therefore, demands that I should try to save them from their mistakes. As I view the situation, they are on the brink of an abyss. It, Ⓑ , becomes my duty to warn them of their danger even though it may, for the time being, anger them to the point of cutting off the friendly hand that is stretched out to help them. People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim. At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life, I may not harbour hatred against anybody.
32. 위 글의 분위기로 어울리지 않은 것은?32)
① persuasive
② affirmative
③ patient
④ gloomy
⑤ unshaken
33. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 가리키는 것이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?33)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
34. 위 글에서 ‘British'에 상황과 일치하지 않은 것은?34)
① The British is an imperialism.
② It makes Indian disgusted by its behaviour.
③ It is at the present critical juncture.
④ It can't withhold freedom from us if we have enough
self-sacrifice.
⑤ It may cut off the helpful hands because of anger.
35. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ, Ⓑ에 적절한 단어는?35)
① For example nevertheless
② On the other hand therefore
③ As a matter of fact however
④ As a matter of fact therefore
⑤ However nevertheless
36. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?36)
① 영국 사람들에 대한 인도 국민의 태도를 바꿔야 한다.
② 인도 국민들은 제국주의와 영국민을 구별하지 못한다.
③ 일본제국주의를 받아들이는 것은 또 다른 노예상태를
의미한다.
④ 영국군의 철수는 인도국민의 분노가 시발점이 되었다.
⑤ 작가는 영국국민에겐 우호적이다.
TOEIC
37. 37)
Then, there is the question of your ________ towards the British. I have noticed that there is hatred towards the British among the people.
① situation ② mood
③ career ④ attitude
38. 38)
The people say they are disgusted with their behaviour. The people make no _________ between British imperialism and the British people.
① contradiction ② use
③ distinction ④ consideration
39. 39)
To them, the two are one. This hatred would even make them welcome the Japanese. It is most dangerous. It means that they will _______ one slavery for another.
① devote ② work
③ exchange ④ share
40. 40)
We must __________ this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism. The proposal for the withdrawal of British power did not come out of anger.
① laugh at ② get rid of
③ lift up ④ bear in mind
41. 41)
It came to enable India to play its due part at the present critical juncture It is not a happy position for a big country like India to be merely helping with money and material obtained _________ from her while the United Nations are conducting the war.
① willy-nilly ② willingly
③ with pleasure ④ with a good grace
42. 42)
We cannot evoke the true spirit of sacrifice and valor, _________ we are not free. I know the British Government will not be able to withhold freedom from us, when we have made enough self-sacrifice.
① though ② so long as
③ because of ④ as if
43. 43)
We must, therefore, _______ ourselves of hatred. Speaking for myself, I can say that I have never felt any hatred. As a matter of fact, I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British now than ever before.
① purge ② evoke
③ melt ④ pour
44. 44)
One reason is that they are today in distress. My very friendship, therefore, demands that I should try to save them from their mistakes. As I view the situation, they are _____________ an abyss.
① for the sake ② on the way of
③ on the brink of ④ on the mercy of
45. 45)
It, therefore, becomes my duty to warn them of their danger _________ it may, for the time being, anger them to the point of cutting off the friendly hand that is stretched out to help them.
① because ② once
③ therefore ④ even though
46. 46)
People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim. At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life, I may not ________ hatred against anybody.
① remember ② harbour
③ forget ④ cherish
1) ③
2) ①
3) ①
4) ④
5) ③
6) ①
7) ④
8) ②
9) ①
10) ③
11) ④
12) ③
13) ③
14) ①
15) ④
16) ③
17) ②
18) ②
19) ①
20) ④
21) ④
22) ②
23) ①
24) ④
25) ②
26) ①
27) ③
28) ④
29) ②
30) ②
31) ①
32) ④
33) ⑤
34) ③
35) ④
36) ④
37) ④
38) ③
39) ③
40) ②
41) ①
42) ②
43) ①
44) ③
45) ④
46) ②