컴맹탈출과 영어정복

안중근 의사가 조선의 식민지화 이끌 일본 최초의 총리 이토 히로부미를 1909년 10월 26일 중국 하얼빈에서 사살했다.

The independence fighter, Ahn Jung-geun, killed the first Prime Minister in Harbin, China, in October, 26th, 1909, who would lead the colonization of Joseon.

When was the last time you dreamed? I’m not talking about what went down last night while you were sleeping. I’m talking about really letting your mind think over something major you want to make happen in your life. Can’t remember? Don’t have time for such follies? You need to change that, starting today. Sounds obvious, but the first step toward making a dream come true is to actually have a dream. At some point in your life, you probably wanted something with your whole heart and it didn’t happen. And that hurt. You might have stopped dreaming. Maybe you didn't do it consciously, but you began to avoid letting yourself go after scary goals. It’s a universal occurrence ― it happens to almost everyone. But you can overcome this

common limitation and start dreaming again.

*folly: 어리석은 행위

Many predators direct their initial attack at the head of their prey. Some prey species have taken advantage of this tendency by evolving false heads located at their posterior end. Individuals of the species Thecla togarna, for example, possess a false head with dummy antennae at the tips of their hindwings. Upon landing, the butterfly moves its hindwings, and thereby the dummy antennae up and down while keeping the true antennae motionless. Thecla togarna’s second trick occurs at the instant of landing when the butterfly quickly turns so that its false head points in the direction of previous flight. An approaching predator is thus confronted with a prey that flutters off in the direction opposite to that expected. Experimental tests have demonstrated that markings associated with false heads misdirect the attacks of avian predators and increase the possibility of escape of the prey. *avian: 조류의

There is no way that we two-legged creatures can keep up with many four-legged animals in a head-to-head sprint, but in recent years, some anthropologists have suggested that the human species has evolved in such a way as to be built for marathon running. Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Utah point to our long legs and short arms as being suited to running ―necessary for our early hunter-gatherer lifestyle on the African savannah. More specifically, the scientists highlight the abundance of tendons in our legs used little in walking but essential for running; our large leg joints for shock absorption; and our relative lack of body hair for minimizing rises in body temperatures. These characteristics demonstrate that the human body as a whole is comparatively well suited to endurance running compared to other animals.

*tendon: 힘줄

Bruce Adolphe first met Yo-Yo Ma at the Juilliard School in New York City. Although Ma was only fifteen years old at the time, ① he was already an established performer. Even at the age of seven, ② he had played at the White House. Meanwhile, Adolphe was a promising young composer who had just written his first cello piece. ③He had shown a draft of his composition to a Juilliard instructor, who told him that the piece featured a chord that was impossible to play. Before Adolphe could correct the music, however, Ma decided to rehearse the composition in his dorm room. ④ He played through his friend’s composition, sight-reading the whole thing. And when that impossible chord came, ⑤ he somehow found a way to play it and his bow was straight across all four strings.

An ambiguous term is one which has more than a single meaning and ① whose context does not clearly indicate which meaning is intended. For instance, a sign posted at a fork in a trail which ② reads “Bear To The Right” can be understood in two ways. The more probable meaning is that it is instructing hikers to take the right trail, not the left. But let us ③say that the ranger who painted the sign meant to say just the opposite. He was trying to warn hikers against taking the right trail because there is a bear in the area through which it passes. The ranger’s language was therefore careless, and open to misinterpretation ④ what could have serious consequences. The only way to avoid ambiguity is to spell things out as ⑤ explicitly as possible: “Keep left. Do not use trail to the right. Bears in the area.”

If you place in a bottle half a dozen bees and the same number of flies, and lay the bottle down horizontally, with its base to the window, you will find that the bees will (A) delay / continue their endeavor to look for an exit through the glass till they die of exhaustion; while the flies will soon escape the bottle through the neck on the opposite side. It is the bees’ love of light, it is their very intelligence, that causes their (B) success / failure in this experiment. They evidently imagine that the exit from every prison must be there where the light shines clearest; and they act in accordance, and they persist in too logical action. The flies are careless of logic. They flutter wildly here and there disregarding the call of the light and end up (C) ignoring/discovering the opening that restores their liberty to them.

The graph above shows the advertising revenue trends in Television, Internet, Newspaper, and Radio in Canada from 2002 to 2011. ①All the media’s advertising revenues in 2011 except Newspaper’s increased compared to the year of 2002. ② Television advertising revenue ranked the highest each year throughout the period between 2002 and 2011. ③ During the given period, the gap between Television advertising revenue and Newspaper advertising revenue was the smallest in 2002, but the gap was over 1,500 million dollars in 2011. ④ In 2002, Internet advertising revenue was smaller than any other media but it began to outgrow Radio advertising revenue after 2008. ⑤ Radio advertising revenue was more than half of Television advertising revenue in 2011.

Vivian Malone Jones was the first African-American woman who entered the University of Alabama in 1963, along with fellow black student James Hood. Their entry resulted in then Governor George Wallace standing in the door of the university in an attempt to halt their admission. They entered the university but only after an agreement was reached between the White House and Wallace’s aides. Ms. Jones further distinguished herself as the first African-American to graduate from the University of Alabama in 1965. She moved to Washington, DC and joined the U.S. Department of Justice as a staff member of its Voter Education Project. Following that assignment, she moved to Atlanta and took a position with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), where she was director of civil rights and urban affairs. She retired in 1996 remaining active in civil rights organizations.

It is not a new idea that cooking is an activity that                             humans. In 1773, the Scottish writer James Boswell, noting that “no beast is a cook,” called Homo sapiens “the cooking animal.” Fifty years later, in The Physiology of Taste, the French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin claimed that cooking made us who we are; by teaching men to use fire, it had “done the most to advance the cause of civilization.” More recently, Léi-Strauss, writing in The Raw and the Cooked in 1964, reported that many of the world’s cultures entertained a similar view, regarding cooking as the symbolic activity that “establishes the difference between animals and people.”

* gastronome: 미식가

When we begin each book, we roll up our sleeves and do everything we can to ease students into academic reading. This means that we frame the text before students read it. We provide a specific purpose for reading each chapter. We design close readings that enable kids to explore more deeply than surface-level reading. We model to students how we would read the text. About halfway through the novel, we should begin to step out of the process and begin requiring our students to take the journey on their own. Teachers should not hold the hands of their students all the way through the novel. If the front half of the book is taught properly, students should be equipped to read the  second half of the book with much less assistance from the instructor. Students should be encouraged to                            . [3점]

Consider the “power” of a baseball bat. All the energy gained by the bat is supplied by the batter. The bat is just an instrument that helps send the ball on its way. If it does its job well, then we usually say that the bat is powerful. In physics terms, we should really describe the bat in terms of its efficiency. An efficient bat would be one that allows the batter to transfer the energy in his arms to the ball without             in the process. In fact, all bats are very inefficient in the sense that only a small fraction of the energy in the arms is given to the ball. Most of that energy is retained in the bat and in the arms as a result of the “follow through” after the bat strikes the ball. [3점]

Actors sometimes jump at the chance to play a huge response to some big news. One character says to another, “You just won a million dollars!” And the actor immediately jumps up and down and yells about winning a million dollars. But what would a person do? Stanislavski, a famous Russian theater director, spoke of               . It often takes time for a person to process information― whether it’s very good or very bad. Think back to a time in your life when some big news was delivered. What did you do? Did you immediately jump up and down, scream with joy or pain? Or did you just sit down for a moment, saying nothing? How long did it take to really understand that you won that award before you responded? Be a person. Don’t just go for emotion or the obvious response. [3점]

There is no frame-free way to evaluate anything. Consider this example. College students were asked whether they would support a  multimillion-dollar safety measure that would save 150 lives at risk. Is 150 lives a lot or a little? Well, compared with what? Other students were asked whether they would support a safety measure that would save 98 percent of 150 lives at risk. These students were more favorable toward it than the students who were told it would save 150 lives. Obviously, saving 150 lives is better than saving 98 percent of 150 lives, but a measure that saved 98 percent of the lives seems clearly cost-effective. The 98 percent figure provides the students with a  frame that 150 lives by itself does not. Whether the money spent on safety is seen as a wise decision or not will depend on                            . When people are told that a safety measure will save 98 percent of 150 lives, a frame is created between 150 lives and 98 percent of 150 lives. [3점]

The danger that the human population poses to the environment is the result of two factors: the   (A)  of people and the environmental impact of each person. When there were few people on Earth and limited technology, the human impact was primarily local. Even so, people have affected the environment for a surprisingly long time. It started with the use of fire to clear land, and it continued, new research shows, with large effects on the environment by early civilizations. For example, large areas of North America were modified by American Indians, who used fire for a variety of reasons and modified the forests of the eastern United States. The problem now is that there are so many people and our technologies are so powerful that our effects on the environment are even more   (B)  . This could cause a negative feedback― the more people, the worse the environment; the worse the environment, the fewer people. [3점]

A decision can be rational without being right and right without being rational. This has been illustrated through many examples in history.   (A)  , in the battle of Narva (on the border between Russia and what we now call Estonia) on 20 November 1700, King Carl of Sweden and his 8,000 troops attacked the Russian army, led by Tsar Peter the Great. The tsar had about ten times as many troops at his disposal. Most historians agree that the Swedish attack was irrational, since it was almost certain to fail.   (B)  , the Swedes had no strategic reason for attacking; they could not expect to gain very much from victory. However, because of an unexpected snowstorm that blinded the Russian army, the Swedes won. The battle was over in less than two hours. The Swedes lost 667 men and the Russians approximately 15,000.

We’re creatures of habit. In all the years I’ve been hearing that old expression, I’ve never heard anyone dispute it. Probably because there’s so much truth to it.

(A) While someone might argue that particular figure, I doubt that anyone would disagree that our habits have a powerful hold on us. Most of them start innocently and unintentionally. At the beginning they form a kind of invisible thread.

(B) In fact, we’re even more the result of habit than most people realize. Some psychologists believe that up to ninety-five percent of our behavior is formed through habit.

(C) But through repetition, that thread becomes twisted into a cord and later into a rope. Each time we repeat an act, we add to it and strengthen it. The rope becomes a chain and then a cable. Eventually, we become our habits.

Compare this to the situation that occurs when the same man is stepping into an elevator and another person steps in front of him, invading his personal territory.

Psychologists have noted that people driving a car react in a manner that is often completely unlike their normal social behavior as regards their territories. ( ① ) It seems that a car sometimes has　a magnifying effect on the size of a person’s personal space. ( ② ) In some cases, their territory is expanded by up to ten times the normal size, so the driver feels that he has a claim to an area of 9 to 10 meters in front of and behind his car. ( ③ ) When another driver cuts in front of him, even if no danger is involved, the driver may go through a physiological change, becoming angry and out of control. ( ④ ) His reaction in those circumstances is normally apologetic and he allows the other man to go first. ( ⑤ ) This is remarkably different from what happens when another driver cuts in front of him on the open road.

One of the companies I work with gets thousands of calls every day to its customer support center. Sometimes the problems can be solved right away, but often the service representative has to look into the matter and call back later. When the company subsequently surveyed its customers to see how satisfied they had been with the support center, one of the results was something intriguing: 58 percent of customers whose problem had been solved right away remembered that their call had been answered “immediately” or “very quickly,” while only 4 percent remembered having been kept waiting “too long.” Meanwhile, of those customers whose problem had not been solved right away, only 36 percent remembered their call had been answered “immediately” or “very quickly,” while 18 percent recalled they had waited “too long.” In fact, the company had an automated answering system and there was no difference in waiting time between the two groups.

󰀻

According to the survey, whether a customer’s problem was solved (A) or not had an impact on the customer’s (B) of how fast the phone call had been answered.

  In the early fifteenth century, Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent his sailors to explore Africa and open it to Portuguese trade. Portuguese expeditions began to work their way down the western coast, always within sight of land. Upon reaching Cape Bojador, a rocky stretch of desolate coast with terrifying currents, the Portuguese sailors would inevitably turn back, convinced that this was the end of land and that no ship would ever pass it. Prince Henry sent out 15 expeditions between 1424 and 1434 until finally one succeeded by sailing a few kilometers out to sea and going south for a few kilometers, thereby passing the dangerous rocks and currents. As a navigation feat, this change of direction was trivial. While it is true that their ships were not strong and their navigation tools were primitive, the major barrier was not technological but the fear of losing sight of land. We can say that the feat of Christopher Columbus was far more difficult technically, but he too faced a major barrier of fear, both in his sponsors and in his crew. Once the Atlantic was crossed, this fear was swept away and only the reasonable fears of shipwreck, disease, and sea monsters remained. Many barriers are of this type. They are not merely unknown, but unimaginable. Major development can be achieved by having the courage to recognize and overcome                        barriers, just as the Portuguese and Spanish sailors did.

(A) Two boys were playing on a beach, seeing who could skim a rock out the farthest. This was their vacation, and it was good to find the sea flat this morning, particularly after several days of wild storms when the sea had been whipped up to a frenzy. Turbulent waves and high tides had washed lots of poor sea creatures ashore. The boys found themselves walking through jellyfish, starfish, crabs, and other little animals that coated the beach like a dying blanket.

(B) Slowly dropping her hands a little lower, she let the little creature feel the refreshing touch of the sea. The octopus spread its tentacles as if feeling good to be back home once again. Supportively, the girl’s hands cupped the young animal until it gathered the strength and propelled itself forward in the water. She stood watching, a faint smile on her face at the pleasure of seeing another creature safely on its way. Only then did she turn and retrace her steps to the shore. Finally, she seemed to notice the laughing boys. Looking them in the eye, she said, “It sure made a difference for that one!”

(C) At the end of the beach the boys noticed a girl frequently wading in and out of the water. Curious to see what she was doing, they headed off in her direction. As they got closer, they saw that she would bend down and pick up one of the sea creatures. She cradled it gently in her hands, waded out into the water, and released it back in its home. Then she returned to the shore, picked up yet another creature, and gently carried it back into the water.

(D) The boys began to laugh. It was just the sort of silly stuff they could expect a girl do. “Hey,” they called out, “what are you doing? Can’t you see you ain’t gonna make any difference? The beach is covered with thousands of dead and dying creatures.” And they laughed some more. The girl seemed to ignore them at first. She picked up a lifeless-looking young octopus, nursed it carefully in her hands, and walked back into the ocean as if the boys didn’t exist. She lowered the octopus into the water, tenderly washing away the sand and seaweed that had collected over it and entangled its tentacles. *tentacle: 촉수

23. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

When was the last time you dreamed? 언제 마지막으로 꿈을 꾸었나? I’m not talking about what went down last night while you were sleeping. 나는 여러분이 잠을 자고 있던 지난밤에 일어난 것에 말하고 있는 것은 아니다. I’m talking about really letting your mind think over something major you want to make happen in your life. 나는 여러분의 마음이 인생에서 일어나기를 원하는 주요한 어떤 것에 진정으로 곰곰이 생각하게 하는지에 관해 이야기하고 있다. Can’t remember? Don’t have time for such follies? 기억할 수 없나? 그러한 어리석은 것에 (낭비할) 시간이 없나? You need to change that, starting today. 오늘 시작하여, 그것을 바꿀 필요가 있다. Sounds obvious, but the first step toward making a dream come true is to actually have a dream. 분명하게 들릴지 모르나 한 발짝 앞으로 나아가, 꿈을 이룬다는 것은 사실 꿈을 꾸는 것이다. At some point in your life, you probably wanted something with your whole heart and it didn’t happen. 여러분의 인생의 어느 시점에서, 여러분은 열렬히 무언가를 아마 원했고 그것은 일어나지 않았다. And that hurt. You might have stopped dreaming. 그것은 상처가 되었다. 여러분은 꿈꾸는 것을 멈추었을지 모른다.

Maybe you didn't do it consciously, but you began to avoid letting yourself go after scary goals. 아마 여러분은 그것(꿈꾸는 것을 멈춘 일)을 의식적으로 한 것이 아니라 여러분 스스로가 무서운 목표를 추구하는 것을 피하기 시작했다. It’s a universal occurrence ― it happens to almost everyone. 그것은 보편적인 발생이다. 즉 거의 모든 사람에게 일어난다. But you can overcome this common limitation and start dreaming again. (*folly: 어리석은 행위) 그러나 여러분은 이러 일반적인 한계를 극복하여 다시 꿈을 꾸는 것을 시작할 수 있다.

① 타인과 꿈을 공유하면 꿈을 이루기 쉽다.

② 꿈을 자주 변경하는 것은 위험할 수 있다.

③ 꿈을 이루기 위해서는 우선 꿈을 가져야 한다.

④ 꿈은 자신의 심리상태를 상징적으로 보여준다.

⑤ 실현 가능한 작은 꿈부터 실천하기 시작해야 한다.

Many predators direct their initial attack at the head of their prey. 많은 포식동물들은 그들의 초기 공격을 그들 먹이의 머리로 향한다. ( predator : 포식동물, 약탈자) Some prey species have taken advantage of this tendency by evolving false heads located at their posterior end. 어떤 먹이 종은 그들 뒤쪽 끝에 위치한 거짓된 머리를 진화시키는 것으로 이런 경향을 이용한다. (posterior : 뒤쪽의) Individuals of the species Thecla togarna, for example, possess a false head with dummy antennae at the tips of their hindwings. 예를 들어, Thecla togarna같은 종은 그들 날개 끝 쪽에 있는 모조 안테나가 달린 거짓된 머리를 소유하고 있다. (dummy 모조의)Upon landing, the butterfly moves its hindwings, and thereby the dummy antennae up and down while keeping the true antennae motionless. 착륙 시, 나비는 뒤 쪽 날개를 움직여, 진짜 안테나는 움직이지 않게 유지하는 동안 모조 안테나를 위 아래로 움직인다. Thecla togarna’s second trick occurs at the instant of landing when the butterfly quickly turns so that its false head points in the direction of previous flight. Thecla togarna의 두 번째 속임수는 가짜 머리가 이전 비행방향으로 향하게 하기 위해 빠르게 방향을 트는 즉시 일어난다. (at the instant of landing : 착륙 즉시) An approaching predator is thus confronted with a prey that flutters off in the direction opposite to that expected. 그리하여 접근하는 포식자는 기대된 것과 반대방향에서 퍼덕거리는 먹이에 직면한다. (flutter : [새가] 날개치다, [길발, 돛 등이] 펄럭이다) Experimental tests have demonstrated that markings associated with false heads misdirect the attacks of avian predators and increase the possibility of escape of the prey. (*avian: 조류의) 실험실의 연구는 가짜 머리와 연관된 표시는 조류 포식자의 공격을 딴 방향으로 이끌어서 먹이 탈출 가능성을 증가시킨다는 것을 보여 주었다.

① various landing skills of small flying animals

작은 날 짐승들의 다양한 착륙 기법

② strategic behaviors of birds to find their preys

그들의 먹이를 찾기 위한 새들의 전략적인 행동

③ negative aspects of disguising the head of insects

곤충의 머리를 속이는 부정적인 측면

④ survival strategies of prey species using a false head 가짜 머리를 사용하는 먹이 종의 생존 전략

⑤ complementary relationships between birds and insects 새와 곤충 사이의 보완적인 관계

25. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

  There is no way that we two-legged creatures can keep up with many four-legged animals in a head-to-head sprint, 우리 두 다리를 가진 생명체는 많은 네 다리를 가진 동물들과 정면 달리기에서 따라 잡을 수는 없다. but in recent years, some anthropologists have suggested that the human species has evolved in such a way as to be built for marathon running. 그러나 최근 몇 년 동안, 몇몇 인류학자들은 인간은 마라톤 달리기를 위해 형성된 방식으로 진화해 왔다고 암시했다. Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Utah point to our long legs and short arms as being suited to running ―necessary for our early hunter-gatherer lifestyle on the African savannah. 하버드와 유타 대학의 연구진들은 우리의 긴 다리와 짧은 팔은 달리기에 적합한 것으로 지적한다. - 즉 아프리카 대초원에서 인류 초기의 사냥꾼에게 필요한 More specifically, the scientists highlight the abundance of tendons in our legs used little in walking but essential for running;

더욱 특별하게, 과학자들은 걸을 때 거의 사용하지 않지만 달리기 위해 필수적인 인간의 다리엔 많은 힘줄이 있다는 것을 강조한다. our large leg joints for shock absorption; and our relative lack of body hair for minimizing rises in body temperatures.

즉, 충격을 흡수하기 위한 큰 다리 관절; 체온의 상승을 최소화하기 위한 비교적 적은 체모(leg joints 다리 관절) These characteristics demonstrate that the human body as a whole is comparatively well suited to endurance running compared to other animals.  (*tendon: 힘줄) 이러한 특징들은 인간의 신체는 전체적으로 다른 동물들과 비교하여 달리기 지구력을 비교적 잘 적합하다라는 것을 보여준다.

① Limitations of Animal Running Speed

동물 달기기 속력의 한계

② How to Build Your Marathon Muscles

마라톤 근육을 증강시키는 방법

③ How Fast Can Humans Run 100 Meters?

인간 얼마나 빨리 100미터를 주파하는가?

④ Why Are Humans Good Long Distance Runners?

왜 인간은 장거리 달리기에 좋은가?

⑤ Basic Methods of Endurance Training for Running

달리기를 위한 지구력 훈련의 기본적인 방법

26. 밑줄 친 He[he]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Bruce Adolphe first met Yo-Yo Ma at the Juilliard School in New York City.

Bruce Adolphe는 뉴욕시의 Juilliard School에서 Yo-Yo Ma를 처음 만났다. Although Ma was only fifteen years old at the time, ① he was already an established performer. 비록 Ma는 그 당시에 15살에 불과했을 지라도, 그는(Ma) 이미 인정받은 연주자였다.

(established : 인정된, 확립된)

Even at the age of seven, ② he had played at the White House. Meanwhile, Adolphe was a promising young composer who had just written his first cello piece. 심지어 7세의 나이에도 불구하고, 그는(Ma)는 백악관에서 연주를 한 적이 있다. 그러는 동안, Adolphe는 그의 첫 번째 첼로곡을 막 작곡한 유망한 젊은 작가였다.

③He had shown a draft of his composition to a Juilliard instructor, who told him that the piece featured a chord that was impossible to play.

그가(Adolphe) 쥴리어드 강사에게 그가 작곡한 초안을 보여줬을 때, 그 강사는 그에게 그 곡은 연주가 불가능한 화음의 특징이 있다고 말했다.

- feature : ~의 특징을 이루다

Before Adolphe could correct the music, however, Ma decided to rehearse the composition in his dorm room. Adolphe는 그 음악을 수정하기 전에, Ma는 기숙사 방에서 그 작곡을 예행연습하기로 결심했다.

④ He played through his friend’s composition, sight-reading the whole thing. 그는(Ma) 모든 것을 한 번 보고 연주하면서 그의 친구의 작곡을 끝까지 연주했다. - play through : 끝까지 연주하다 / sight-read : 한 번 보고 연주하다.

And when that impossible chord came, ⑤he somehow found a way to play it and his bow was straight across all four strings.

그리하여 그 불가능한 음에 다달었을 때, 그는(Ma) 그것을 연주하는 방식을 발견했고 그의 활은 곧바로 모든 4현에 가로질러 연주했다.

27. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

An ambiguous term is one which has more than a single meaning and ① whose context does not clearly indicate which meaning is intended.

모호한 용어는 단 하나의 의미 이상을 갖는 것이고 그 문맥은 어느 의미가 의도되었는지를 명확하게 암시하지 않는다.

[분석] 소유격 whose + 명사 : whose는 an ambiguous term을 의미함 / whose context : 그 문맥은

- ambiguous : 두 가지 (이상의) 해석이 가능한, 모호한 / context : 문맥, 상황, 전후관계 / indicate : 나타내다, 암시하다

For instance, a sign posted at a fork in a trail which ② reads “Bear To The Right” can be understood in two ways.

예를 들어, “오른쪽으로 가세요.”라고 쓰인 오솔길의 갈래 길에 세워진 신호판은 두 가지 방식으로 이해될 수 있다.

[분석] read : [온도계, 시계 등이] [몇도, 몇시 등을] 가르키다, 표시하다

- trail : 오솔길 / fork : 분기, 갈래 / bear : ~으로 향하다

The more probable meaning is that it is instructing hikers to take the right trail, not the left.

더욱 가능성 있는 의미는 등산객들에게 왼쪽이 아닌 오른쪽 길을 택하라는 것을 알려주고 있는 것이다.

But let us ③say that the ranger who painted the sign meant to say just the opposite.

그러나 그 신호판을 제작한 공원관계자는 단지 그 반대 (의미)를 알리려고 의미했다고 하자.

[분석] let(사역동사) + us(목적어) + say(원형동사) : let us say that ~라 말하자

He was trying to warn hikers against taking the right trail because there is a bear in the area through which it passes.

그는 등산객들에게 오른쪽 길로 가지 말라고 경고하고자 했다. 왜냐하면 곰이 그 지역을 통과하기 때문이다.

[분석] the area through which it passes = it[a bear] passes through the area을 관계대명사(which)를 사용한 것임.

The ranger’s language was therefore careless, and open to misinterpretation ④ what could have serious consequences.

그 공원관리인의 의미는 그러므로 조심성 없는 것이었고 심각한 결과를 야기할 수도 있는 잘못된 해석에 노출되었다.

[분석] misinterpretation과 could have serious consequences는 관계대명사로 연결이 되야함. what은 자체적으로 선행사+관계대명사이기 때문

- language : 말씨, 표현, 의미 / open : 노출된

The only way to avoid ambiguity is to spell things out as ⑤ explicitly as possible:

모호성을 피하는 유일한 방법은 가능한 명확하게 사물을 분명히 설명하는 것이다.

[분석] as 형용사/부사 as possible : 가능한 ~(형용사/부사)하게, 부사인 explicitly(분명하게)는 spell out인 동사를 수식

- spell out : ~을 분명히[상세히] 설명하다

“Keep left. Do not use trail to the right. Bears in the area.”

“즉, 계속 왼쪽으로 가세요. 오른쪽 길을 사용하지 마세요. 그곳에 곰이 있습니다. 라고”

28. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

If you place in a bottle half a dozen bees and the same number of flies, and lay the bottle down horizontally, with its base to the window,

만일 여러분이 병 안에 6마리 꿀벌과 같은 수의 파리를 넣고 바닥을 창을 향하여 병을 수평으로 뉘어 놓았다면,

[분석] place in A B : A안에 B를 놓다 / lay down : 눕혀 놓다

you will find that the bees will (A) delay / continue their endeavor to look for an exit through the glass till they die of exhaustion;

여러분은 꿀벌들은 그들이 지쳐서 죽을 때까지 유리 출구를 찾기 위해 노력을 계속할 것이다라는 것을 알게 될 것이다.

[분석] their endeavor : 그들의 노력은 continue와 어울린다, 또한 출구를 찾기 위해서는 계속적인(continue)를 해야하기 때문이다.

while the flies will soon escape the bottle through the neck on the opposite side.

반면에 파리들은 반대쪽의 병 입구를 통해 곧 탈출할 것이다.

It is the bees’ love of light, it is their very intelligence, that causes their (B) success / failure in this experiment.

이것은 꿀벌이 빛을 좋아하는 특성이고 아주 지능이 있다는 것으로 이 실험에서 꿀벌은 실패의 원인이 된다.

[분석] 윗 문장에서 till they die of exhaustion으로 볼 때, 결국에 죽는다는 것이므로 꿀벌은 ‘실패(failure)'한다는 것이 옳음

They evidently imagine that the exit from every prison must be there where the light shines clearest;

그들(꿀벌)은 모든 감옥으로부터 (탈출하기 위한) 출구는 빛이 가장 분명하게 드는 곳이 틀림없다고 분명히 추측한다.

and they act in accordance, and they persist in too logical action.

그리하여 그들은 따라서 행동하고 너무 논리적 행동을 지속한다.

- persist (자) 지속하다, 고집하다

The flies are careless of logic.

파리는 논리에 둔하다.

They flutter wildly here and there disregarding the call of the light and end up (C) ignoring/discovering the opening that restores their liberty to them.

그들(파리)은 빛의 신호를 무시하여 사방을 마구 퍼덕거리며 결국 자유를 그들에게 회복시켜주는 출구를 발견하는 것으로 끝이 난다.

- call : 신호, 외침

29. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The graph above shows the advertising revenue trends in Television, Internet, Newspaper, and Radio in Canada from 2002 to 2011.

위 차트는 2002년부터 2011년 까지 캐나다에서 텔레비전, 인터넷, 신문, 그리고 라디오에서의 광고소득 추세를 보여준다.

① All the media’s advertising revenues in 2011 except Newspaper’s increased compared to the year of 2002.

2011년 모든 매체의 광고소득은 신문 (광고소득)을 제외하고 2002년의 (광고소득)과 비교하여 증가했다.

[분석] except Newspaper's (advertising revenues) 이 생략된 형태임 / compared to : ~와 비교하여

② Television advertising revenue ranked the highest each year throughout the period between 2002 and 2011.

텔레비전 광고소득은 2002년부터 2011년까지 내내 매년 가장 높은 순위였다.

③ During the given period, the gap between Television advertising revenue and Newspaper advertising revenue was the smallest in 2002, but the gap was over 1,500 million dollars in 2011.

그 주어진 기간 동안(2002년부터 2011년까지), 텔레비전 광고소득과 신문광고소득의 차는 2002년에 가장 작았지만, 그 격차는 2011년에 1,500만 달러 이상이었다.

[분석] 2011년 텔레비전 광고소득(3,552)에서 신문광고소득(1,971)을 빼면 1,581이므로 ‘over(이상)’ 표현이 맞음.

④ In 2002, Internet advertising revenue was smaller than any other media but it began to outgrow Radio advertising revenue after 2008.

2002년에 인터넷 광고소득은 어떤 다른 매체보다 더 작았지만, 2008년 이후로 라디오 광고소득을 훨씬 앞지르기 시작했다.

⑤ Radio advertising revenue was more than half of Television advertising revenue in 2011.

라디오 광고소득은 2011년에 텔레비전 광고소득의 반 이상이었다.

[분석] 2011년 라디오 광고소득(1,575)이고 텔레비전 광고소득(3,552)이므로 라디오와 텔레비전 소득이 바뀌어야 옳음.

30. Vivian Malone Jones에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Vivian Malone Jones was the first African-American woman who entered the University of Alabama in 1963, along with fellow black student James Hood.

Vivian Malone Jones는 동료 흑인학생인 James Hood와 함께 1963년에 Alabama대학에 들어간 최초의 아프리카계 미국인이었다.

[분석] ① Alabama 대학교에 들어간 최초의 흑인여성이다.

Their entry resulted in then Governor George Wallace standing in the door of the university in an attempt to halt their admission.

그들의 대학 등록은 그들의 입학을 방해하기 위한 시도로 주지사인 George Wallace가 대학정문에서 서게하는 결과를 낳았다.

[분석] ② 대학정문에서George Wallace의 환영을 받았다. → 환영이 아닌, 방해를 받음

They entered the university but only after an agreement was reached between the White House and Wallace’s aides.

그들은 백악관과 Wallace의 보좌관들 사이의 협의가 이뤄진 후에야 대학에 들어갈 수 있었다.

Ms. Jones further distinguished herself as the first African-American to graduate from the University of Alabama in 1965.

Jones은 1965년에 그 대학을 졸업한 첫 번째 아프리카계 미국인으로서 더욱 두각을 나타냈다.

[분석] ③ 1965년에 대학교를 졸업했다.

She moved to Washington, DC and joined the U.S. Department of Justice as a staff member of its Voter Education Project.

그녀는 워싱턴 DC로 옮겨서 Voter Education Project(유권자교육계획)의 직원으로서 미 법무부에서 근무했다.

Following that assignment, she moved to Atlanta and took a position with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), where she was director of civil rights and urban affairs.

그 직책의 임명 뒤로, 그녀는 아틀랜타로 옮겨 EPA(환경보호단체)에서 근무했다. 그곳에서 그녀는 인권단체와 도시문제의 책임자가 되었다.

④ Atlanta로이주하여 EPA에서 근무했다.

She retired in 1996 remaining active in civil rights organizations.

그녀는 1996년에 은퇴 후에도 인권단체에서 활동했다.

⑤ 은퇴후에도 인권단체에서 활동했다.

① Alabama 대학교에 들어간 최초의 흑인여성이다.

② 대학정문에서 George Wallace의 환영을 받았다.

③ 1965년에 대학교를 졸업했다.

④ Atlanta로 이주하여 EPA에서 근무했다.

⑤ 은퇴 후에도 인권단체에서 활동했다.

31. 

It is not a new idea that cooking is an activity that                           humans.

요리가 인간의 ~하는 활동이라는 것은 새삼스런 생각은 아니다.

[분석] it is A that S + V : A를 강조하기 위한 구문임.

In 1773, the Scottish writer James Boswell, noting that “no beast is a cook,” called Homo sapiens “the cooking animal.”

1773년에, 짐승은 요리사가 절대 아니라고 언급한 스코틀랜드의 작가 James Boswell은 호모 사피언스를 요리할 줄 아는 동물이라 불렀다.

Fifty years later, in The Physiology of Taste, the French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin claimed that cooking made us who we are;

50년이 지난 후, 맛의 생리학에서 프랑스 미식가인 Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin은 요리는 우리를 현재의 우리 모습으로 만들었다라고 주장했다.

[분석] make A B로 만들다 / who we are : 현재의 우리 모습

by teaching men to use fire, it had “done the most to advance the cause of civilization.”

즉 사람들에게 불의 사용을 가르치는 것으로, 그것(요리)은 문명의 시작으로 도약하는 최대의 영향을 끼쳤다.

[분석] do the most to ~에 최대 영향을 미치다

More recently, Léi-Strauss, writing in The Raw and the Cooked in 1964, reported that many of the world’s cultures entertained a similar view, regarding cooking as the symbolic activity that “establishes the difference between animals and people.”

더욱 최근에, 1964년 ‘날것과 요리된 것’의 작가인 Léi-Strauss는 많은 세계의 문화는 요리를 동물과 사람과의 차이점을 설정하는 상징적인 활동으로서 간주하는 유사한 견해를 고려한다고 기고했다.

[분석] entertain : [신청, 생각 등을] 고려하다, (마음속에)품다 / s similar view, regarding ~: ~를 간주하는 유사한 생각

* gastronome: 미식가

① defines    ② protects    ③ harms

④ confuses   ⑤ entertains

32. When we begin each book, we roll up our sleeves and do everything we can to ease students into academic reading.

우리가 책을 (읽기) 시작할 때, 우리는 소매를 걷고 학생들을 편안하게 하여 학업적 독서에 하도록 모든 것을 할 수 있다.

This means that we frame the text before students read it.

이것은 학생들이 그것(책)을 읽기 전에 우리가 교재를 짜맞추는 것을 의미한다.

We provide a specific purpose for reading each chapter.

우리는 각 장을 읽는 동안 특별한 목적을 제공한다.

We design close readings that enable kids to explore more deeply than surface-level reading.

우리는 아이들이 표면적 수준의 독서 보다는 더욱 깊게 탐구하도록 하기 위해 상세한 독서를 고안한다.

[분석] to explore more deeply(더욱 깊게 탐구하도록)과 어울리도록 close readings(상세한 독서)라 번역함.

We model to students how we would read the text.

어떻게 우리가 그 교재를 읽을 것인지를 학생들에게 모범을 제시한다.

[분석] model : (자동사)로 ~에게 모범(표준)을 제시하다

About halfway through the novel, we should begin to step out of the process and begin requiring our students to take the journey on their own.

그 소설의 중간쯤에서, 우리의 학생들이 진행되는 과정에서 벗어나 그들 자신의 여행(탐구)을 하도록 요구하는 것을 시작해야만 한다.

Teachers should not hold the hands of their students all the way through the novel.

교사들은 그 소설을 읽는 내내 학생들의 손을 잡아 줘서는(도움을 줘서는) 안 된다.

If the front half of the book is taught properly, students should be equipped to read the  second half of the book with much less assistance from the instructor.

만일 그 책의 전반부의 반쯤 적절히 가르쳤다면, 학생들은 그 책은 두 번째 중반부 반쯤은 교사로부터 더더욱 도움 없이 읽도록 무장시켜야만 한다.

Students should be encouraged to                            . [3점]

학생들은 ~하도록 권장 받아야만 한다.

① come up with creative ideas through writing

쓰는 것을 통한 창의적인 생각을 제시

② make their own plans for choosing good books

양서를 선택하기 위한 그들 자신의 계획을

③ transition from the guided tour into the solo tour

안내된 여행으로부터 스스로 여행으로 전환

④ buy some novels before setting out on a journey

여행을 시작하기 전 몇 권의 소설을 사도는 것을

⑤ learn how to read from their teachers all the time

줄 곳 그들의 교사들로부터 읽는 방식을 배우는 것을

33. 

Consider the “power” of a baseball bat. All the energy gained by the bat is supplied by the batter. 야구방망이의 힘을 고찰해 보자. 방망이에 의해 얻어진 모든 에너지는 타자에 의해 공급된다.

The bat is just an instrument that helps send the ball on its way.

그 방망이는 야구공이 진행 방향으로 보내지는데 도움을 주는 단지 도구일 뿐이다.

If it does its job well, then we usually say that the bat is powerful.

만일 이런 것이 잘 된다면, 그때 우리는 보통 그 방망이는 강력하다로 말한다.

In physics terms, we should really describe the bat in terms of its efficiency.

물리학에서, 우리는 효율성의 측면에서 방망이의 상세히 설명해야만 한다.

An efficient bat would be one that allows the batter to transfer the energy in his arms to the ball without                   in the process.

효율적인 방망이는 그 과정에서              없이 타자가 자신의 팔의 에너지를 야구공에 전달하도록 하는 방망이 이다.

In fact, all bats are very inefficient in the sense that only a small fraction of the energy in the arms is given to the ball.

사실, 모든 방망이는 팔의 작은 일부의 에너지만을 야구공에 전달한다는 의미에서 아주 비효율적이다.

Most of that energy is retained in the bat and in the arms as a result of the “follow through” after the bat strikes the ball. [3점]

대부분의 에너지는 방망이가 공을 친 이후 팔을 뻗는 결과로서 방망이와 팔에 남아 있다.

- retain : ~을 유지하다, 간직하다 / follow through : (야구에서) 공을 친 뒤 팔을 끝까지 뻗다

① any friction to the ball

공에 대한 어떠한 마찰

② too much loss of energy

너무나 많은 에너지 손실

③ decrease of swing speed

휘둘르는 속도의 감소

④ help from another instrument

다른 도구의 도움

⑤ enhancement of physical strength

실질적 힘의 향상

34.

Actors sometimes jump at the chance to play a huge response to some big news.

배우는 어떤 큰 소식에 거대하게 반응하는 것으로 때때로 기회를 잡는다.

One character says to another, “You just won a million dollars!”

한 배우는 다른 배우에게 “당신은 방금 백만 달러를 벌었지요!”라고 말한다.

And the actor immediately jumps up and down and yells about winning a million dollars.

그리고 그 배우는 즉시 껑충껑충 뛰면서 백만 달러를 버는 것에 관해 소리친다.

But what would a person do? Stanislavski, a famous Russian theater director, spoke of               .

하지만 한 개인은 무얼 할까? 유명한 러시아 연극 감독인 Stanislavski는 ~관해 말했다.

It often takes time for a person to process information― whether it’s very good or very bad.

한 개인이 정보가 아주 좋든 나쁘든 간에 정보를 처리하는데 종종 시간일 걸린다.

Think back to a time in your life when some big news was delivered.

어떤 큰 소식이 전달되었던 당신의 인생의 시간을 회고해 보라.

What did you do? Did you immediately jump up and down, scream with joy or pain?

당신은 무엇을 했나? 당신은 즉시 껑충껑충 뛰면서 기쁨 또는 고통으로 소릴 쳤나?

Or did you just sit down for a moment, saying nothing?

아니면, 당신은 그냥 잠시 앉아서 침묵했나?

How long did it take to really understand that you won that award before you responded?

당신이 반응하기 전 그 보상에 얻은 것을 정말로 이해하는데 얼마의 시간이 걸렸나?

Be a person. Don’t just go for emotion or the obvious response. [3점]

인간이 되어라. 단지 감정이나 분명한 반응으로 인해 나가지 말아라.

① reflective delay 반향적인(깊이 생각하는) 연기

② social interaction 사회적 상호반응

③ unintended result  의도 않은 결과

④ selective attention 선택적 주의

⑤ individual contribution 개인적 공헌

35.

There is no frame-free way to evaluate anything. Consider this example.

어떤 것을 평가할 때 틀에서 자유로운 방법은 없다. 이런 예를 고찰해 보자.

College students were asked whether they would support a  multimillion-dollar safety measure that would save 150 lives at risk.

위험에 처한 150명의 생명을 구할 백만 달러의 안전장치를 지지할 것인지를 대학생들에게 물어봤다.

Is 150 lives a lot or a little? Well, compared with what?

150명의 생명은 많은가 또는 적은가? 음, 무엇과 비교될까?

Other students were asked whether they would support a safety measure that would save 98 percent of 150 lives at risk.

위험에 처한 150명의 생명의 98%를 구할 안정장치를 지지할 것인지를 다른 학생들에게 물어봤다.

These students were more favorable toward it than the students who were told it would save 150 lives.

이런 학생들은 그것이 150명의 생명을 구할 것이라고 들은 학생들 보다 그것을 더욱 선호한다는 것 이었다.

Obviously, saving 150 lives is better than saving 98 percent of 150 lives, but a measure that saved 98 percent of the lives seems clearly cost-effective.

분명히, 150명의 생명을 구하는 것은 150명의 생명의 98%를 구하는 것보다 더 나은 것이지만, 그 생명의 98%를 구한 방식은 더욱 비용 효율적인 것 같다.

The 98 percent figure provides the students with a  frame that 150 lives by itself does not.

그 98%의 수치는 학생들에게 150명의 생명 그 차제가 제공하지 못하는 틀을 제공한다.

Whether the money spent on safety is seen as a wise decision or not will depend on                .

그 돈이 안전에 쓰여 지는 것이 현명한 결정으로 보이든 아니든              에 의존할 것이다.

When people are told that a safety measure will save 98 percent of 150 lives, a frame is created between 150 lives and 98 percent of 150 lives. [3점]

사람들은 안전장치가 150명의 생명의 98%를 구할 것이라고 들었을 때, 어떤 틀은 150명의 생명과 150명의 생명의 98% 사이에 생겨난다.

① the analysis of the input 입력 분석

② the context of comparison 비교 배경(전후관계)

③ the expectation of investors 투자자의 기대

④ the effort of risk management 위험관리의 효과

⑤ the background of respondents 응답자의 배경

36.

The danger that the human population poses to the environment is the result of two factors:

사람인구가 환경에 끼는 위험은 두 가지 요소의 결과이다.

the (A) of people and the environmental impact of each person.

사람들의 (A)와 각 사람들의 환경적 충격이다.

When there were few people on Earth and limited technology, the human impact was primarily local.

지구상에 사람들과 제한된 기술이 거의 없었을 때, 인간의 충격은 주로 국한적 이었다.

Even so, people have affected the environment for a surprisingly long time.

그렇다 하더라도, 사람들은 아주 오랜 시간동안 환경에 영향을 미쳐왔다.

It started with the use of fire to clear land, and it continued, new research shows, with large effects on the environment by early civilizations.

그것은 농토를 개간하기 위해 불의 사용으로 시작되어, 새로운 연구는 보여 주듯이, 계속해서 초기 문명에 의한 환경에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다.

For example, large areas of North America were modified by American Indians, who used fire for a variety of reasons and modified the forests of the eastern United States.

예를 들어, 북미의 큰 지역들은 여러 이유로 불을 사용하고 동부 미국의 산림을 바꿔 놓았던 미국 인디언들에 의해 바뀌었다.

The problem now is that there are so many people and our technologies are so powerful that our effects on the environment are even more (B) .

그런 문제는 오늘날 너무나 많은 사람들과 우리의 기술은 너무나 강력하여 환경이 미치는 영향은 훨씬 더  (B) 이다.

This could cause a negative feedback― the more people, the worse the environment;

이것은 부정적인 결과를 야기 시킬 수 있다 - 사람이 많아지면 많아질수록, 한경은 더 더욱 악화된다.

the worse the environment, the fewer people. [3점]

환경이 악화되면 될수록, 사람들의 수는 더 더욱 줄어든다.

       (A)       (B)

① number …… global

② number …… limited

③ knowledge …… positive

④ movement …… accidental

⑤ movement …… exaggerated

37.

A decision can be rational without being right and right without being rational.

결정은 옳은 것 없이 합리적일 수 있고 합리적인 것 없이 옳을 수 있다.

This has been illustrated through many examples in history.

이것은 역사에서 많은 예를 보여주었다.

(A) , in the battle of Narva (on the border between Russia and what we now call Estonia) on 20 November 1700, King Carl of Sweden and his 8,000 troops attacked the Russian army, led by Tsar Peter the Great.

(A 예를 들어), Narva 전투에서 (러시아와 오늘날 에스토니아 국경에서) 1700년 11월 20일에, 스웨던 왕 Carl과 그의 8,000명의 병사들은 황제 Peter,가 이끄는 러사아군을 공격했다.

The tsar had about ten times as many troops at his disposal.

그 황제는 자신의 지휘하는 군이 약 10배가 넘었다.

Most historians agree that the Swedish attack was irrational, since it was almost certain to fail.

스웨덴의 공격은 불합리적이다. 왜냐하면 그것은 실패가 거의 확실하기 때문이다라고 대부분의 역사학자들은 동의한다.

 (B) , the Swedes had no strategic reason for attacking;

(B 더우기), 스웨덴은 공격을 위한 어떠한 전략적 타당성도 없었다.

they could not expect to gain very much from victory.

그들은 승리하여 많은 것을 얻는 것을 기대할 수 없었다.

However, because of an unexpected snowstorm that blinded the Russian army, the Swedes won.

그러나, 러시아군을 가로막은 예상치 못한 눈보라로, 스웨덴은 승리했다.

The battle was over in less than two hours. The Swedes lost 667 men and the Russians approximately 15,000.

그 전투는 거의 2시간 만에 끝났다. 스웨덴은 667명의 병사를 잃었고 러시아는 약 15,000을 잃었다.

         (A)          (B)

① For instance …… Moreover

② For instance …… Therefore

③ Furthermore …… Therefore

④ However    …… Similarly

⑤ However    …… Moreover

38. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

We’re creatures of habit. In all the years I’ve been hearing that old expression, I’ve never heard anyone dispute it. Probably because there’s so much truth to it.

우리는 습관의 창조물이다. 내가 그 오래된 표현을 들어오고 있을 땐 늘, 어느 누구도 그것을 반박하 하는 것을 듣은 적도 없다. 아마도 그것이 너무나 당연하기 때문이다.

(A) While someone might argue that particular figure, I doubt that anyone would disagree that our habits have a powerful hold on us.

누군가는 그 특별한 특징에 논쟁할 수 있는 반면에, 우리의 습관은 우리를 강력하게 억압하는 것이라는 데 누군가가 동의하지 않는다는 것을 나는 의심한다.

Most of them start innocently and unintentionally. At the beginning they form a kind of invisible thread.

그들 대부분은 순진하고 무심코 시작한다. 초기에 그들은 보이지 않은 줄의 종류를 형성한다.

(B) In fact, we’re even more the result of habit than most people realize.

사실, 우리는 대부분의 사람들이 깨닫는 것 보다 더 습관의 결과물이다.

Some psychologists believe that up to ninety-five percent of our behavior is formed through habit.

심리학자들은 우리 행동의 95%까지 습관을 통해서 형성된다고 믿는다.

(C) But through repetition, that thread becomes twisted into a cord and later into a rope.

그러나 반복을 통해, 그 실은 줄로 왜곡되어 나중에 동아줄이 된다.

Each time we repeat an act, we add to it and strengthen it.

우리가 어떠한 행동을 반복할 때마다, 우리는 그것을 덧붙이고 그것을 더 강하게 한다.

The rope becomes a chain and then a cable. Eventually, we become our habits.

그 동아줄은 쇠사슬이 되고나서 굵은 밧줄이 된다. 결국, 우리는 우리의 습관이 된다.

① (A) - (C) - (B)   ② (B) - (A) -(C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A)   ④ (C) - (A) -(B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Compare this to the situation that occurs when the same man is stepping into an elevator and another person steps in front of him, invading his personal territory.

이것을 같은 사람이 엘리베이터 안으로 걸어 들어가고 있고 다른 사람은 그 앞에서 걸어 그의 개인적 영역을 침범하고 있다는 것과 비교하자.

ⓕPsychologists have noted that ⓐpeople driving a car ⓔreact in a manner that is ⓓoften completely unlike ⓒtheir normal social behavior ⓑas regards their territories.

ⓐ운전하는 ⓑ사람들은 그들의 영역으로 간주하는 것과 같은 ⓒ그들의 일상적인 사회적 행동과 ⓓ종종 전혀 다른 ⓔ방식에서 반응한다고 ⓕ심리학자들은 지적한다.

( ① ) It seems that a car sometimes has　a magnifying effect on the size of a person’s personal space.

자동차는 때때로 한 개인의 개인적인 공간의 크기를 확대하는 효과를 갖는 것 같다.

( ② ) In some cases, their territory is expanded by up to ten times the normal size, so the driver feels that he has a claim to an area of 9 to 10 meters in front of and behind his car.

어떤 경우엔, 그들의 영역은 평상시 크기에 10배 이상 확대된다. 그래서 그 운전자는 자신의 자동차의 정면과 후방에서 9에서 10미터의 지역을 (자신의 영역이라) 주장한다고 느낀다.

( ③ ) When another driver cuts in front of him, even if no danger is involved, the driver may go through a physiological change, becoming angry and out of control.

다른 운전가가 그 앞에 끼어들 때, 비록 위험이 없다손 치더라도, 그 운전자는 심리적인 변화를 경험하여 화를 내거나 자제심을 잃을 수 도 있다.

( ④ ) His reaction in those circumstances is normally apologetic and he allows the other man to go first.

그러한 상황에서의 그의 반응은 보통 사과를 해야 하는 것이고 그는 그 다른 사람이 먼저 가도록 인정한다.

( ⑤ ) This is remarkably different from what happens when another driver cuts in front of him on the open road.

이것은 다른 운전자가 개방된 도로에서 그 앞에 끼어들 때 일어나는 것과는 아주 다르다.

40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

One of the companies I work with gets thousands of calls every day to its customer support center.

내가 일하고 있는 여러 회사들 중 한 곳은 고객지원세터에 매일 수 천 통의 전화가 걸려온다.

Sometimes the problems can be solved right away, but often the service representative has to look into the matter and call back later.

때때로 그 문제들은 즉시 처리될 수 도 있지만, 종종 서비스 직원들은 그 문제를 검토하여 이후에 전화를 줘야한다.

When the company subsequently surveyed its customers to see how satisfied they had been with the support center, one of the results was something intriguing:

그 회사는 그들(고객들)이 고객센터에 얼마나 만족하는지를 알아보기 위해 그 이후에 설문조사를 실시했을 때, 결과 중 한 개는 매우 흥미가 있는 것 이었다.

- subsequently : 그 이후에 / intriguing : 매우 흥미있는

58 percent of customers whose problem had been solved right away remembered that their call had been answered “immediately” or “very quickly,”

그들의 문제는 즉시 해결되었다고 응답한 고객의 58%는 그들의 전화는 “즉시” 또는 “아주 빠르게” 받아졌다고 기억했다.

while only 4 percent remembered having been kept waiting “too long.”

반면 단지 4$만이 너무 오래 기다렸다고 기억했다.

Meanwhile, of those customers whose problem had not been solved right away,

더욱이, 그들의 문제가 즉시 해결되지 않았다고 답한 고객들 중에,

only 36 percent remembered their call had been answered “immediately” or “very quickly,”

단지 36%는 그들의 전화가 “즉시” 또는 “아주 빠르게” 받아졌다고 기억했다.

while 18 percent recalled they had waited “too long.”

반면 18%는 그들은 “너무 오래” 기다렸다고 회상했다.

In fact, the company had an automated answering system and there was no difference in waiting time between the two groups.

사실, 그 회사는 자동응답시스템을 갖추었고 그 집단 사이에 어떤 차이점도 없었다.

󰀻

According to the survey, whether a customer’s problem was solved  (A immediately)  or not had an impact on the customer’s  (B perception)  of how fast the phone call had been answered.

설문조사에 따르면, 고객의 문제가 즉시 해결되었든 아니든 간에 얼마나 빨리 전화가 응답 되었지에 대한 고객의 인식 영향을 끼쳤다.

       (A)          (B)

① completely …… response   

② completely …… evaluation

③ previously …… curiosity   

④ immediately …… perception

⑤ immediately …… expectation

[41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

 In the early fifteenth century, Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent his sailors to explore Africa and open it to Portuguese trade.

15세기 초에, 포르투갈의 항해사인 Prince Henry는 아프리카를 탐험하여 그곳에 포르투갈의 무역을 열도록 그의 선원들을 보냈다.

Portuguese expeditions began to work their way down the western coast, always within sight of land.

포르투갈의 탐험대는 항상 육지가 보이는 범위 안에서 서부 해안을 따라 항해하기 시작했다.

[분석] within sight of land : 육지가 보이는 범위 안에서

Upon reaching Cape Bojador, a rocky stretch of desolate coast with terrifying currents,

Cape Bojador, 공포의 해류가 있는 암초투성이의 고립된 해안에 다달았을 때,

the Portuguese sailors would inevitably turn back, convinced that this was the end of land and that no ship would ever pass it.

포르투갈 선원들은 이곳은 육지의 끝이고 어떠한 배도 그 곳을 지나갈 수 없다고 인식하여 하는 수 없이 뱃머리를 돌리곤 했다.

Prince Henry sent out 15 expeditions between 1424 and 1434 / until finally one succeeded by sailing a few kilometers out to sea and going south for a few kilometers, thereby passing the dangerous rocks and currents.

Prince Henry는 1424년과 1434년에 15차례의 탐험대를 보냈다. / 마침내 한 탐험대는 바다 쪽으로 몇 킬로미터 떨어져 항해하여 수 킬로미터를 남쪽으로 향하여 마침내 그 위험한 암초와 해류를 통과하여 성공하였다.

[분석] few kilometers out to sea 바다 쪽으로 몇 킬로미터 떨어져

As a navigation feat, this change of direction was trivial.

항해 업적에 따르면, 이 방향의 변경은 사소한 것이었다.

While it is true that their ships were not strong and their navigation tools were primitive,

그들의 선박은 약했고 그들의 항해 도구는 원시적인 것인 반면에

the major barrier was not technological but the fear of losing sight of land.

주요한 장애는 기술적인 것이 아닌 육지가 보이지 않는 두려움이었다.

We can say that the feat of Christopher Columbus was far more difficult technically,

Christopher Columbus의 업적은 엄밀히 말하면 훨씬 더 어려웠을 것이랄 말할 수 있지만,

- technically : 엄밀히 말하면, 기술적으로

but he too faced a major barrier of fear, both in his sponsors and in his crew.

그 또한 그의 후원자들과 선원들 사이의 공포의 주요한 장애에 직면했다.

Once the Atlantic was crossed, this fear was swept away and only the reasonable fears of shipwreck, disease, and sea monsters remained.

일단 대서양을 횡단했을 때, 이러 공포는 말끔히 사라졌고 단지 난파, 질병 그리고 해양 괴물과 같은 분명한 공포가 남아 있었다.

Many barriers are of this type. They are not merely unknown, but unimaginable.

많은 장애는 이러한 종류이다. 그들(장애)은 단지 알려져 있지 않아서가 아니라 상상할 수 없었다.

Major development can be achieved by having the courage to recognize and overcome                  _____________ barriers, just as the Portuguese and Spanish sailors did.

포르투갈과 스페인 선원들이 이루었던 것처럼, 주요한 발전은 정신적 장애를 인식하고 극복하는 것으로 성취될 수 있다.

41. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the problem of limitless creativity

제한된 창의력의 문제

② the importance of analytical thinking

분석적인 사고의 중요성

③ the obstacle in undertaking adventures

모험을 시작할 때 장애물

④ the necessity of innovative technology

혁신적인 기술의 필요성

⑤ the benefit of taking safe sailing routes

안전한 항로를 선택하는 이점

42. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① racial(인종적)  

② mental(정신적)  

③ cultural(문화적)  

④ geographical(지리학적)  

⑤ technological(기술적)

[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) Two boys were playing on a beach, seeing who could skim a rock out the farthest.

두 아이가 누가 더 멀리 돌맹이를 던지는지를 보면서 해변에서 놀고 있었다.

- skim : [수면을] 스치듯 지나가다

This was their vacation, and it was good to find the sea flat this morning, particularly after several days of wild storms when the sea had been whipped up to a frenzy.

오늘은 그들의 방학이었고 바다가 미친 듯 휘몰아치던 특히 몇 일간의 사나운 폭풍이 지난 후, 오늘 아침 바다가 잔잔한 것은 좋았다.

- whip up to a frenzy : 미친 듯 휘몰아치다

Turbulent waves and high tides had washed lots of poor sea creatures ashore.

사납고 높은 파도는 해안가의 많은 가엽은 생물들을 쓸어가 버렸다.

The boys found themselves walking through jellyfish, starfish, crabs, and other little animals that coated the beach like a dying blanket.

그 소년들은 죽어가는 담요와 같이 해변을 감쌌던 해파리, 불가사리, 계, 그리고 다른 작은 동물들을 지나치는 자신들을 알았다.

(B) Slowly dropping her hands a little lower, she let the little creature feel the refreshing touch of the sea.

그녀의 손을 약간 아래로 떨어뜨리면서, 그녀는 그 작은 생명체가 바닷물의 신선한 접촉을 느끼도록 했다.

The octopus spread its tentacles as if feeling good to be back home once again.

문어는 다시 집으로 돌아가는 안도를 느끼는 것처럼 자신의 촉수를 펼쳤다.

Supportively, the girl’s hands cupped the young animal until it gathered the strength and propelled itself forward in the water.

그것(문어)이 힘을 모아 바다로 향하도록 자신을 추진할 때까지 그 소녀의 손은 그 어린 동물을 손바닥으로 받쳤다.

- cup : [물 등을] 찻잔[손바닥]으로 받다[떠내다].

She stood watching, a faint smile on her face at the pleasure of seeing another creature safely on its way.

다른 생명체가 안전하게 자신의 길을 가는 것을 보는 기쁨에 그녀의 얼굴엔 약간의 미소를 띠면서 지켜보면서 서있었다.

Only then did she turn and retrace her steps to the shore. Finally, she seemed to notice the laughing boys.

바로 그때, 그녀는 몸을 돌려 해안가에 나있는 자신을 발자국을 따라갔다. 마침내, 그녀는 웃고 있는 소년들을 알아챈 것 같았다.

[분석] only가 문두에 왔을 경우, 문장이 도치됨. only then did she ~

Looking them in the eye, she said, “It sure made a difference for that one!”

그들을 보면서 “그것은 분명히 그 작은 저것(그 생명체)에게 중요했어!”

- make a different : 중요하다, 효과를 내다, 영향을 미치다.

(C) At the end of the beach the boys noticed a girl frequently wading in and out of the water.

해변 끝에 있는 소년들은 그 소녀가 바닷물에 자주 (발을) 담았다 뺐다하는 것을 지켜보았다.

- wade : [물 속을] 걷다.

Curious to see what she was doing, they headed off in her direction.

그녀가 하는 것을 보는 것에 호기심이 난 그들(소년들)은 그녀에게 향했다.

As they got closer, they saw that she would bend down and pick up one of the sea creatures.

그들이 더 가까워지자, 그들은 그녀가 허리를 굽혀 바다 생물 중 하나를 집어들곤 하는 것을 보았다.

[분석] would : (과거에) ~하곤 했다.

She cradled it gently in her hands, waded out into the water, and released it back in its home.

그녀는 그것을 손에서 부드럽게 흔들어 달래고 바닷물 안으로 들어가 그것을 도로 놓아 주었다.

Then she returned to the shore, picked up yet another creature, and gently carried it back into the water.

그리고나서 그녀는 해안가로 돌아와 역시 다른 생물체를 집어 들고 그것을 바닷물로 살며시 되돌려 주었다.

[분석] yet는 지금도, 여전히

(D) The boys began to laugh. It was just the sort of silly stuff they could expect a girl do.

그 소년들은 비웃기 시작했다. 그것은 그들이 기대하기로 그 소녀가 하는 어리석은 행동에 대한 것이었다.

“Hey,” they called out, “what are you doing? Can’t you see you ain't gonna make any difference?

“얘야”, 그들은 소리쳤다, “뭘하고 있니? 넌 어떤 중요한 것도 할 수 없는 것도 모르니?

The beach is covered with thousands of dead and dying creatures.” And they laughed some more.

해변은 수 많은 죽고 죽어가는 생명체들로 덮여 있잖아.“ 그리고 그들은 약간 더 비웃었다.

The girl seemed to ignore them at first.

그 소녀는 처음엔 그들을 무시한 것 같았다.

She picked up a lifeless-looking young octopus, nursed it carefully in her hands, and walked back into the ocean as if the boys didn't exist.

그녀는 죽은 것 같아 보이는 어린 문어를 집어 들고 그녀의 손에서 조심스럽게 보살피고 나서 소년들을 개의치 않고 바닷물로 들어갔다.

She lowered the octopus into the water, tenderly washing away the sand and seaweed that had collected over it and entangled its tentacles. *tentacle: 촉수

43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장

적절한 것은?

① (B) - (C) - (D)    ② (B) - (D) - (C) 

③ (C) - (B) - (D)    ④ (C) - (D) - (B) 

⑤ (D) - (B) - (C)

44. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Boys Who Loved the Sea Creatures   

② A Small Good Deed Can Save a Life

③ All You Need to Know about Nature   

④ Seriousness of the Man-Made Disaster

⑤ What Makes Men Different from Animals?

45. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 며칠간의 폭풍이 지나가고 바다는 잔잔해졌다. 

② 물속에서 문어가 힘을 내서 앞으로 나아갔다.

③ 소녀는 몸을 굽혀서 바다생물을 집어 들었다. 

④ 소년들은 소녀의 행동을 칭찬했다.

⑤ 소녀는 소년들을 처음 보았을 때 무시하는듯했다.

 본문해석문법분석단어분석동의어/반의어동영상강좌

누구에게나 "다음 칸" 은 있습니다.

Whoever has a next room[compartment].

이 이야기는 지하철에서 본 너무나도 황당한 아저씨 이야기입니다.

This is an episode of a very embarrassing man I saw in a subway train
물론 실화죠.

Of course, it is real.

지하철 1호선 신도림역 쯤에서 어떤 아저씨가 가방을 들고 탔습니다.

Nearly at the first line of the Sindolim subway station, a man got on with a bag.

아저씨는 헛기침을 몇 번 하더니 가방을 내려놓고 손잡이를 잡았습니다.

The man got a few cough, took the bag down, and caught a handle.

그리고는 ‘익숙한’ 이야기가 시작됐습니다.

And then he started saying a familiar story.

“자 여러분, 안녕하쉽니까?

"Well, ladies and gentlemen, hello?

제가 이렇게 여러분 앞에 나선 이유는 가시는 길에 좋은 물건 하나 소개해 드리고자 이렇게 나섰습니다.

The reason why I stand in front of you is to introduce you to a nice good in the way of your journey.

자, 플라스틱 머리에 솔이 달려 있습니다.

You know, it has a brush in the plastic head.

이게 무엇일까여?......

What is it?....

맞습니다.....칫솔 입니다.

Alright.... it is a toothbrush.

이걸 뭐 할라꼬 가지고 나왔을까여?....

What do I want to do with me?...

맞습니다....팔려고 나왔습니다.

You're right... It's for sale.

얼마일까여?...... 처어넌입니다.

How much is it? It's one thousand won.

뒷면 돌려 보겠습니다.

Let me turn it back.

영어 써 있습니다.

It is written in English.

메이드 인 코리아!

It is made in Korea!

이게 무슨 뜻일까요?

What does it mean?

…수출했다는 겁니다.

It means it for export.

수출이 잘 됐을까여? 안됐을까요?

Do you know it is good for export or not?

… 망했습니다.

... It went on a bankrupt.

자 그럼, 여러분에게 하나씩 돌려 보겠습니다”

Next, let me put it down on you one by one.

아저씨는 칫솔을 사람들에게 돌렸습니다.

The man gave it to each passenger.

황당해진 사람들은 웃지도 못했습니다.

The embarrassed couldn't laugh.

칫솔을 다 돌린 아저씨가 말을 이어갑니다.

After his job, he continued to say his words.

“자, 여러분, 여기서 제가 몇 개나 팔 수 있을까여?

"Now, everybody, can you imagine how many I can sell them here?

여러분도 궁금하시죠?

I know you are wondering?

저도 궁금합니다.

I am, too.

잠시 후에 알려 드리겠습니다.”

Let me tell you soon or later."

궁금했습니다. 

I wondered so much.

몇개나 팔렸을까요?

How many have they been sold?

4개가 팔렸습니다.

They were four.

말이 이어졌습니다.

He continued.

“자 여러분, 칫솔 네개 팔았습니다.

"From now on, you guys, I sold four of the brush.
얼마 벌었을까요?

How much have I earned?

칫솔 4개팔아서 4천원 벌었습니다.

I did four thousand won by selling the four of them.

제가 실망했을까여? 안했을까여?…

Was I disappointed? or not?...

예 쉬일~망 했습니다.
Yes, I am so disappointed.

제가 여기서 포기할까여?,,,,안할까여?

Can I give up here? or not?

저얼~때 안합니다.

Absolutely, I can't.

왜냐구요?..........

Why not?

"바로 다음칸으로 갈껍니다!”

"Definately, it is a next room I can go to!"

아저씨는 가방을 들고 유유히 다음 칸으로 건너갔습니다.

The man has gone to the next with his bag quietly.

남아 있는 사람들은 거의 뒤집어졌습니다.

The left people almost laughed with laughter.

웃다가 생각해보니 그 아저씨는 웃음만 준 것이 아니었습니다.

In the laughing, in a second thought, I think, he didn't give us only a laughing.

그 아저씨가 우리에게 보여준 더 중요한 것은 희망,

The more important thing the man showed us is hope.

바로 희망 이었습니다.

Yes, it is hope.

그 아저씨처럼

Like the man,

우리에게도 누구에게나

to us, to anyone
‘다음 칸’ 이 있으니까요.
There is 'a next room'

Levi Coffin was a key leader of the Underground Railroad, and claimed to have helped an average of 100 escaping slaves in his own home in Cincinnati every year for 33 years. The fabled Underground Railroad was a network of over 3,000 homes and other "stations" that helped escaping slaves travel from the southern slave-holding states to freedom in the northern states and Canada.

 본문해석+문법분석

Levi Coffin was a key leader of the Underground Railroad, and claimed to have helped an average of 100 escaping slaves in his own home in Cincinnati every year for 33 years.

- 

- 

- ‡underground [ʌ́ndərgràund] a. ① 지하의, 지하에 있는, 지하에서의. ② 숨은, 비밀의, 잠행적인; 지하 조직의, 반체제의, 전위적인, 실험적인.

The fabled Underground Railroad was a network of over 3,000 homes and other "stations" that helped escaping slaves travel from the southern slave-holding states to freedom in the northern states and Canada.

- 

- 

- ‡fabled [féibəl] ―a. 우화의[에 나오는], 우화[전설]로 알려진; 가공의(fictitious).

동의어/반의어

-

In the winter of 1826-27, fugitives began to come to our house, and as it became more widely known on different routes that the slaves fleeing from bondage would find a welcome and shelter at our house, and be forwarded safely on their journey, the number increased. Friends in the neighborhood, who had formerly stood aloof from the work, fearful of the penalty of the law, were encouraged to engage in it when they saw the fearless manner in which I acted, and the success that attended my efforts. They would contribute to clothe the fugitives, and would aid in forwarding them on their way, but were timid about sheltering them under their roof; so that part of the work devolved on us. Some seemed really glad to see the work go on, if somebody else would do it. Others doubted the propriety of it, and tried to discourage me, and dissuade me from running such risks. They manifested great concern for my safety and pecuniary interests, telling me that such a course of action would injure my business and perhaps ruin me; that I ought to consider the welfare of my family; and warning me that my life was in danger, as there were many threats made against me by the slave-hunters and those who sympathized with them.

 본문해석+문법분석

In the winter of 1826-27, fugitives began to come to our house, and as it became more widely known on different routes that the slaves fleeing from bondage would find a welcome and shelter at our house, and be forwarded safely on their journey, the number increased. Friends in the neighborhood, who had formerly stood aloof from the work, fearful of the penalty of the law, were encouraged to engage in it when they saw the fearless manner in which I acted, and the success that attended my efforts.

- 

- 

- †fugitive [fjúːdʒətiv] n. 도망자, 탈주자 / ‡route [ruːt, raut]n. ① 도로, 길. ② (일정한) 통로, 노선. ③ 수단, 방법, 길. / ♣keep [hold, stand] ∼ 멀리(떨어져) 있다, 초연해 있다(from).

They would contribute to clothe the fugitives, and would aid in forwarding them on their way, but were timid about sheltering them under their roof; so that part of the work devolved on us.

- 

- 

- ‡clothe [klouð] vt. ┅에게 옷을 주다. / ⁂forward [fɔ́ːrwəːrd] vt. 나아가게 하다, 촉진하다; 진척시키다. / ‡timid [tímid]a.  (∼er; ∼est) 겁 많은, 두려워하는, 소심한 / devolve [divɑ́lv / -vɔ́lv] v. ―vi. (직책 따위가 남의 손에) 넘어가다, 맡겨지다, (┅에게) 귀속하다(to; upon); (재산 등이) 계승되다, 이전되다(to; on); (┅에) 의존하다(depend)(on)

Some seemed really glad to see the work go on, if somebody else would do it. Others doubted the propriety of it, and tried to discourage me, and dissuade me from running such risks.

- 

- 

- †dissuade [diswéid] vt. ┅에게 (설득하여) 단념시키다(from). [opp] persuade.

They manifested great concern for my safety and pecuniary interests, telling me that such a course of action would injure my business and perhaps ruin me; that I ought to consider the welfare of my family; and warning me that my life was in danger, as there were many threats made against me by the slave-hunters and those who sympathized with them.

- 

- 

- *man·i·fest [mǽnǝfèst] ━vt. 명백히 하다; 명시하다; 증명하다; (감정을) 나타내다, 보이다. / ᛜpe·cu·ni·ary [pikjúːnièri/-njǝri] ɑ. 금전(상)의, 재정상의 / *sym·pa·thize [símpǝθàiz] vi. ① 동정하다, 위로하다, 조의를 표하다《with》② 감응〔동조〕하다; 일치하다.

동의어/반의어

-

After listening quietly to these counselors, I told them that I felt no condemnation for anything that I had ever done for the fugitive slaves. If by doing my duty and endeavoring to fulfill the injunctions of the Bible, I injured my business, then let my business go. As to my safety, my life was in the hands of my Divine Master, and I felt that I had his approval. I had no fear of the danger that seemed to threaten my life or my business. If I was faithful to duty, and honest and industrious, I felt that I would be preserved, and that I could make enough to support my family. At one time there came to see me a good old Friend, who was apparently very deeply concerned for my welfare. He said he was as much opposed to slavery as I was, but thought it very wrong to harbor fugitive slaves. No one there knew of what crimes they were guilty; they might have killed their masters, or committed some other atrocious deed, then those who sheltered them, and aided them in their escape from justice would indirectly be accomplices. He mentioned other objections which he wished me to consider, and then talked for some time, trying to convince me of the errors of my ways. I heard him patiently until he had relieved his mind of the burden upon it, and then asked if he thought the Good Samaritan stopped to inquire whether the man who fell among thieves was guilty of any crime before he attempted to help him. I asked him if he were to see a stranger who had fallen into the ditch would he not help him out until satisfied that he had committed no atrocious deed? These, and many other questions which I put to him, he did not seem able to answer satisfactorily. He was so perplexed and confused that I really pitied the good old man, and advised him to go home and read his Bible thoroughly, and pray over it, and I thought his concern about my aiding fugitive slaves would be removed from his mind, and that he would feel like helping me in the work. We parted in good feeling, and he always manifested warm friendship toward me until the end of his days.

 본문해석+문법분석

After listening quietly to these counselors, I told them that I felt no condemnation for anything that I had ever done for the fugitive slaves. If by doing my duty and endeavoring to fulfill the injunctions of the Bible, I injured my business, then let my business go.

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- con·dem·na·tion [kὰndemnéiʃən/kɔ̀n-] n. 󰇆󰆴 비난; 유죄 판결, 죄의 선고; 비난〔선고〕이유 / ⁑ful·fill (약속·의무 따위를) 이행하다, 다하다, 완수하다. / in·junc·tion [indʒʌ́ŋkʃən] n. 명령, 지령, 훈령; 권고, 계고.

As to my safety, my life was in the hands of my Divine Master, and I felt that I had his approval. I had no fear of the danger that seemed to threaten my life or my business. If I was faithful to duty, and honest and industrious, I felt that I would be preserved, and that I could make enough to support my family.

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- I would be preserved[제가 안전할 것이다] / make enough to support[~을 부양할 만큼 충분히 돈을 벌다]

- *in·dus·tri·ous [indʌ́striǝs] ɑ. 근면한, 부지런한, 열심인. ≠industrial.

At one time there came to see me a good old Friend, who was apparently very deeply concerned for my welfare. He said he was as much opposed to slavery as I was, but thought it very wrong to harbor fugitive slaves.

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- ⁑har·bor[hάːrbǝr] ━vt. 피난〔은신〕처를 제공하다; 감추다, (죄인 등을) 숨기다.

 No one there knew of what crimes they were guilty; they might have killed their masters, or committed some other atrocious deed, then those who sheltered them, and aided them in their escape from justice would indirectly be accomplices.

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- ⁑shel·ter [ʃéltǝr] ━vt. 숨기다, 감추다; 비호〔보호〕하다(shield) / ᛜac·com·plice [ǝkάmplis/ǝkɔ́m-] n. 공범자, 연루자, 종범자

He mentioned other objections which he wished me to consider, and then talked for some time, trying to convince me of the errors of my ways. I heard him patiently until he had relieved his mind of the burden upon it, and then asked if he thought the Good Samaritan stopped to inquire whether the man who fell among thieves was guilty of any crime before he attempted to help him.

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- Sa·mar·i·tan [sǝmǽrǝtn] ɑ. ━n. ① 사마리아 사람; 󰇆 사마리아 말. ② (종종 s-) =good ~. ♣ a good ~ 친절한 사마리아 사람, 자선가《누가복음 X:30-37》. / ⁑in·quire [inkwáiǝr] vt. 묻다, 문의하다.

I asked him if he were to see a stranger who had fallen into the ditch would he not help him out until satisfied that he had committed no atrocious deed? These, and many other questions which I put to him, he did not seem able to answer satisfactorily.

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- ᛜatro·cious [ǝtróuʃǝs] ɑ. 흉악한, 잔학한 / ᛜsat·is·fac·to·ri·ly [sæ̀tisfǽktǝrǝli] ɑd. 만족하게, 마음껏, 더할 나위 없이, 납득이 가도록.

 He was so perplexed and confused that I really pitied the good old man, and advised him to go home and read his Bible thoroughly, and pray over it, and I thought his concern about my aiding fugitive slaves would be removed from his mind, and that he would feel like helping me in the work. We parted in good feeling, and he always manifested warm friendship toward me until the end of his days.

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- per·pléxed [-t] ɑ. 당혹한, 어찌할 바를 모르는; 혼란한, 복잡한

동의어/반의어

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Many of my pro-slavery customers left me for a time, my sales were diminished, and for a while my business prospects were discouraging, yet my faith was not shaken, nor my efforts for the slaves lessened. New customers soon came in to fill the places of those who had left me. New settlements were rapidly forming to the north of us, and our own was filling up with emigrants from North Carolina, and other States. My trade increased, and I enlarged my business. I was blessed in all my efforts and succeeded beyond my expectations. The Underground Railroad business increased as time advanced, and it was attended with heavy expenses, which I could not have borne had not my affairs been prosperous. I found it necessary to keep a team and a wagon always at command, to convey the fugitive slaves on their journey. Sometimes, when we had large companies, one or two other teams and wagons were required. These journeys had to be made at night, often through deep mud and bad roads, and along by-ways that were seldom traveled. Every precaution to evade pursuit had to be used, as the hunters were often on the track, and sometimes ahead of the slaves. We had different routes for sending the fugitives to depots, ten, fifteen, or twenty miles distant, and when we heard of slave-hunters having passed on one road, we forwarded our passengers by another.

 본문해석+문법분석

Many of my pro-slavery customers left me for a time, my sales were diminished, and for a while my business prospects were discouraging, yet my faith was not shaken, nor my efforts for the slaves lessened.

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- *di·min·ish [dimíniʃ] vt. (수량·크기·정도·중요성 따위를) 줄이다, 감소시키다, 작게 하다; (신용·명성 등을) 떨어뜨리게 하다. / ⁑pros·pect [prάspekt/prɔ́s-] n. ① 조망(眺望), 전망; 경치 • command a fine ~ 전망이 훌륭하다, 경치가 좋다. ② (집·토지 따위가 면한) 향(向) • The church has a western ~. 교회는 서향이다. ③ 예상, 기대; (종종 pl.) (장래의) 가망. / *less·en [lésn] vt. 작게〔적게〕 하다, 줄이다, 감하다(diminish).

New customers soon came in to fill the places of those who had left me. New settlements were rapidly forming to the north of us, and our own was filling up with emigrants from North Carolina, and other States.

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- ⁑set·tle·ment [sétlmənt] n. ① 󰇆 정착, 정주(定住); 󰆴 정주지. ② 󰇆 이민, 식민(colonization); 󰆴 개척지, 식민한 땅(colony). ③ 󰆴 취락(聚落), 부락; 거류지, 조계(租界) / ⁑form [fɔːrm] ━vt. ① 형성하다(shape) ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨MAKE. ② 구성하다, 조직하다. / *em·i·grant [émǝgrǝnt] ɑ. (타국·외지로) 이주하는, 이민의. ⟨cf.⟩ immigrant.

My trade increased, and I enlarged my business. I was blessed in all my efforts and succeeded beyond my expectations. The Underground Railroad business increased as time advanced, and it was attended with heavy expenses, which I could not have borne had not my affairs been prosperous.

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- *en·large [enlάːrdʒ] vt. ① 크게 하다, 확대〔증대〕하다; (건물 등을) 넓히다, (책을) 증보하다. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨INCREASE. ② …의 범위를 넓히다; (마음·견해 따위를) 넓게 하다; (사업 따위를) 확장하다. / †at·tend [ǝténd] vt. ① 출석〔참석〕하다. ② (결과로서) …을 수반하다《종종 수동태로, 전치사는 with, by》/ *pros·per·ous [prάspərǝs/prɔ́s-] ɑ. 번영하는, 번창하고 있는, 성공한

I found it necessary to keep a team and a wagon always at command, to convey the fugitive slaves on their journey. Sometimes, when we had large companies, one or two other teams and wagons were required.

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- ♣ at command 장악하고 있는, 자유롭게 쓸 수 있는. / *con·vey [kǝnvéi] vt. 나르다, 운반〔운송〕하다.

These journeys had to be made at night, often through deep mud and bad roads, and along by-ways that were seldom traveled. Every precaution to evade pursuit had to be used, as the hunters were often on the track, and sometimes ahead of the slaves.

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- bý·wày n. 옆길, 빠지는 길, 샛길. / ⁑pre·cau·tion [prikɔ́ːʃən] n. 󰇆󰆴 조심, 경계; 예방책. ♣ take ~s against …을 경계하다; …의 예방책을 강구하다. / *evade [ivéid] vt. ① (적·공격 등을 교묘히) 피하다, 비키다, 면하다, 벗어나다. • ~ one’s pursuer 추적자를 따돌리다. • ~ a blow 타격을 피하다. / ♣ on the track ①추적하여, 단서를 잡아서《of》. ②궤도에 올라.

We had different routes for sending the fugitives to depots, ten, fifteen, or twenty miles distant, and when we heard of slave-hunters having passed on one road, we forwarded our passengers by another.

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- *de·pot [díːpou/dépou] n.《미국》 (철도의) 정거장, (버스) 정류소, 공항; 버스〔전차, 기관차〕차고.

동의어/반의어

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In some instances where we learned that the pursuers were ahead of them, we sent a messenger and had the fugitives brought back to my house to remain in concealment until the bloodhounds in human shape had lost the trail and given up the pursuit.

I soon became extensively known to the friends of the slaves, at different points on the Ohio River, where fugitives generally crossed, and to those northward of us on the various routes leading to Canada. Depots were established on the different lines of the Underground Railroad, south and north of Newport, and a perfect understanding was maintained between those who kept them. Three principal lines from the South converged at my house; one from Cincinnati, one from Madison, and one from Jeffersonville, Indiana. The roads were always in running order, the connections were good, the conductors active and zealous, and there was no lack of passengers. Seldom a week passed without our receiving passengers by this mysterious road. We found it necessary to be always prepared to receive such company and properly care for them. We knew not what night or what hour of the night we would be roused from slumber by a gentle rap at the door. That was the signal announcing the arrival of a train of the Underground Railroad, for the locomotive did not whistle, nor make any unnecessary noise. I have often been awakened by this signal, and sprang out of bed in the dark and opened the door. Outside in the cold or rain, there would be a two-horse wagon loaded with fugitives, perhaps the greater part of them women and children. I would invite them, in a low tone, to come in, and they would follow me into the darkened house without a word, for we knew not who might be watching and listening. When they were all safely inside and the door fastened, I would cover the windows, strike a light and build a good fire. By this time my wife would be up and preparing victuals for them, and in a short time the cold and hungry fugitive's would be made comfortable. I would accompany the conductor of the train to the stable, and care for the horses, that had, perhaps, been driven twenty-five or thirty miles that night, through the cold and rain, The fugitives would rest on pallets before the fire the rest of the night. Frequently, wagon-loads of passengers from the different lines have met at our house, having no previous knowledge of each other. The companies varied in number, from two or three fugitives to seventeen.

 본문해석+문법분석

In some instances where we learned that the pursuers were ahead of them, we sent a messenger and had the fugitives brought back to my house to remain in concealment until the bloodhounds in human shape had lost the trail and given up the pursuit.

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- ⁑in·stance [ínstǝns] n. ① 실례(example), 사례, 예증(illustration) • an ~ of true patriotism 진정한 애국적 행위의 한 예. ② 사실, 경우(case); 단계 • fresh ~s of oppression 새로운 박해의 사실 • in this ~ 이 경우(에는). / ᛜcon·céal·ment n. 󰇆󰆴 숨김, 은폐; 숨음, 잠복; 숨는 장소. ♣ be 〔remain〕 in ~ 숨어 있다. / blóod·hòund n.《구어》 집요한 추적자, 탐정, 형사. /

I soon became extensively known to the friends of the slaves, at different points on the Ohio River, where fugitives generally crossed, and to those northward of us on the various routes leading to Canada.

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- ⁑cross [krɔːs/krɔs] ━vt. 가로지르다《도로·사막 따위》; (강·바다·다리 따위를) 건너다; (마음에) 떠오르다; (문턱·경계선 따위를) 넘다.

Depots were established on the different lines of the Underground Railroad, south and north of Newport, and a perfect understanding was maintained between those who kept them.

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- †line [lain] n. 도정(道程), 진로, 길(course, route); 선로, 궤도; (운수 기관의) 노선; (정기) 항로 / ⁑main·tain [meintéin, mǝn-] vt. 지속〔계속〕하다, 유지하다(keep up)

Three principal lines from the South converged at my house; one from Cincinnati, one from Madison, and one from Jeffersonville, Indiana. The roads were always in running order, the connections were good, the conductors active and zealous, and there was no lack of passengers.

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- ⁑prin·ci·pal [prínsǝpəl] ɑ. 주요한; 제1의; 중요한 / ᛜcon·verge [kǝnvə́ːrdʒ] vi. ① 《+󰃤+󰃃》 한 점〔선〕에 모이다. • All these roads ~ on the city. 이 길들은 모두 그 도시로 모아진다. ② 《+󰃤+󰃃》 (사람·차 등이) 몰려들다; (의견·행동 따위가) 한데 모아지다, 집중하다

Seldom a week passed without our receiving passengers by this mysterious road. We found it necessary to be always prepared to receive such company and properly care for them. We knew not what night or what hour of the night we would be roused from slumber by a gentle rap at the door.

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- *rouse [rauz] vt. 깨우다, 일으키다; …의 의식을 회복시키다. / ᛜslum·ber [slʌ́mbǝr] n. 󰇆󰆴 (종종 pl.) ① 《문어》 잠, 《특히》 선잠, 겉잠 • fall into a ~ 잠들어 버리다. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨SLEEP. / *rap [ræp] n. (문·테이블 따위를) 톡톡 두드림《ɑt; on; ɑgɑinst》; 두드리는 소리

That was the signal announcing the arrival of a train of the Underground Railroad, for the locomotive did not whistle, nor make any unnecessary noise. I have often been awakened by this signal, and sprang out of bed in the dark and opened the door.

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- ᛜlo·co·mo·tive [lòukǝmóutiv] n. 기관차(=~́ èngine) / ⁑whis·tle [hwísəl] ━vi. 휘파람을 불다; ~을 울리다; ~로 신호하다. / †spring [spriŋ] ━(sprang [spræŋ], sprung [sprʌŋ]; sprung) vi. a) 튀다(leap), 도약하다, 뛰어오르다(jump) • ~ into the air 공중으로 뛰어오르다. • ~ over a ditch 도랑을 뛰어넘다. • ~ out of bed 잠자리에서 벌떡 일어나다. • ~ to one’s feet 벌떡 일어서다. • ~ up 튀어〔뛰어〕오르다. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨JUMP.

Outside in the cold or rain, there would be a two-horse wagon loaded with fugitives, perhaps the greater part of them women and children. I would invite them, in a low tone, to come in, and they would follow me into the darkened house without a word, for we knew not who might be watching and listening.

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- lóad·ed [-id] ɑ. load된; 짐을 실은; 잔뜩 올려놓은《with》

When they were all safely inside and the door fastened, I would cover the windows, strike a light and build a good fire. By this time my wife would be up and preparing victuals for them, and in a short time the cold and hungry fugitive's would be made comfortable.

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- *fas·ten [fǽsn, fάːsn] vt. ① 묶다, 동이다, 붙들어 매다. • ~ shoelaces 신끈을 꼭 매다. • ~ a boat to a tree by a rope 밧줄로 배를 나무에 붙들어 매다. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨TIE. ② 죄다, 잠그다, 채우다《지퍼·훅·단추·클립·핀 따위를》, 지르다《볼트·빗장 따위로》• ~ (up) the buttons on one’s coat 코트의 단추를 채우다. • ~ a door with a bolt 문에 빗장을 지르다. • ~ down lifeboats on deck 구명보트를 갑판에 꼭 붙들어 매다. / ⁑strike [straik] vt. (struck [strʌk]; struck,《고어》 strick·en [stríkən]) (부싯돌을) 치다; (성냥을) 긋다; (불꽃을) 튀게 하다. • ~ a light (성냥으로) 불을 붙이다. / ᛜvict·ual [vítl] n. (보통 pl.) 음식, 양식.

┈┈• ~ a light (성냥으로) 불을 붙이다.

I would accompany the conductor of the train to the stable, and care for the horses, that had, perhaps, been driven twenty-five or thirty miles that night, through the cold and rain, The fugitives would rest on pallets before the fire the rest of the night.

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- ⁑ac·com·pa·ny [ǝkʌ́mpəni] vt. …에 동반하다, …와 함께 가다. / pal·let [pǽlit] n. 짚 요; 초라한 침상.

 Frequently, wagon-loads of passengers from the different lines have met at our house, having no previous knowledge of each other. The companies varied in number, from two or three fugitives to seventeen.

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- ⁑com·pa·ny [kʌ́mpəni] n. 떼, 일단(의 사람들), 모인 사람들; 󰇆 ⦗집합적⦘ 친구, 동아리 • a large ~ of teachers 많은 교사들의 일행 • a ~ of birds 새 떼 • A man is known by the ~ he keeps. 《속담》 사귀는 친구를 보면 그의 사람됨을 알 수 있다.

동의어/반의어

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The care of so many necessitated much work and anxiety on our part, but we assumed the burden of our own will and bore it cheerfully. It was never too cold or stormy, or the hour of night too late for my wife to rise from sleep, and provide food and comfortable lodging for the fugitives. Her sympathy for those in distress never tired, and her efforts in their behalf never abated. This work was kept up during the time we lived at Newport, a period of more than twenty years. The number of fugitives varied considerably in different years, but the annual average was more than one hundred. They generally came to us destitute of clothing, and were often barefooted. Clothing must be collected and kept on hand, if possible, and money must be raised to buy shoes, and purchase goods to make garments for women and children. The young ladies in the neighborhood organized a sewing society, and met at our house frequently, to make clothes for the fugitives. Sometimes when the fugitives came to us destitute, we kept them several days, until they could be provided with comfortable clothes. This depended on the circumstances of danger. If they had come a long distance and had been out several weeks or months - as was sometimes the case - and it was not probable that hunters were on their track, we thought it safe for them to remain with us until fitted for traveling through the thinly settled country to the North. Sometimes fugitives have come to our house in rags, foot-sore and toil-worn, and almost wild, having been out for several months traveling at night, hiding in canebrakes or thickets during the day, often being lost and making little headway at night, particularly in cloudy weather, when the north star could not be seen, sometimes almost perishing for want of food, and afraid of every white person they saw, even after they came into a free State, knowing that slaves were often captured and taken back after crossing the Ohio River.

 본문해석+문법분석

The care of so many necessitated much work and anxiety on our part, but we assumed the burden of our own will and bore it cheerfully. It was never too cold or stormy, or the hour of night too late for my wife to rise from sleep, and provide food and comfortable lodging for the fugitives.

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- ᛜne·ces·si·tate [nisésǝtèit] vt.《~+󰃄/+-ing》 필요로 하다, 요하다; (결과를) 수반하다. / *as·sume [ǝsjúːm] vt.《(+󰃤+󰃃)+thɑt[절]/+󰃄+(to be)󰃊》 당연한 것으로 여기다, 당연하다고 생각하다. / *lodge [lɑdʒ/lɔdʒ] ━vi.  숙박〔투숙〕하다, 묵다; 하숙하다《ɑt; with》

Her sympathy for those in distress never tired, and her efforts in their behalf never abated. This work was kept up during the time we lived at Newport, a period of more than twenty years. The number of fugitives varied considerably in different years, but the annual average was more than one hundred.

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- ⁑sym·pa·thy [símpǝθi] n. 󰇆 ① 동정, 헤아림; 조위(弔慰), 문상, 위문. ⟨OPP.⟩ ɑntipɑthy. / *dis·tress [distrés] n. 󰇆 ① 심통(心痛), 비탄(grief), 고민, 걱정(worry); 󰆴 걱정거리. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨SORROW. ② 고통(pain); 󰆴 피로. ⟨SYN⟩ ⇨SUFFERING. / be·half [bihǽf, -hάːf] n. 측, 편; 이익. ♣ in ~ of =in a person’s ~ …(의 이익)을 위하여 / *abate [ǝbéit] ━vi. ① 줄다; (기세·격렬함이) 약해지다, 누그러지다; (홍수·폭풍우·노여움 등이) 가라앉다, 자다.

They generally came to us destitute of clothing, and were often barefooted. Clothing must be collected and kept on hand, if possible, and money must be raised to buy shoes, and purchase goods to make garments for women and children. The young ladies in the neighborhood organized a sewing society, and met at our house frequently, to make clothes for the fugitives.

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- *des·ti·tute [déstǝtjùːt] ɑ. (…이) 결핍한, (…을) 갖지 않은, (…이) 없는《of》• people ~ of principle 신조를 갖지 않은 사람들 • They are ~ of common sense. 그들은 상식이 없다. / báre·fòoted [-id] ɑ. 맨발의 / ♣ on hand ① 마침 갖고 있는  ②《미국》 손 가까이에; 마침 동석해서, 출석하여; 가까이 (임박하여)

Sometimes when the fugitives came to us destitute, we kept them several days, until they could be provided with comfortable clothes. This depended on the circumstances of danger. If they had come a long distance and had been out several weeks or months - as was sometimes the case - and it was not probable that hunters were on their track, we thought it safe for them to remain with us until fitted for traveling through the thinly settled country to the North.

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- ⁑cir·cum·stance [sə́ːrkǝmstæ̀ns/-stǝns] n. ① (보통 pl.) 상황, 환경; 주위의 사정. ② (pl.) (경제적인) 처지, 생활 형편. / ᛜthín·ly ɑd. 얇게, 가늘게; 희박하게; 드문드문; 여위어서; 약하게, 빈약하게 • ~ populated 인구가 적은.

Sometimes fugitives have come to our house in rags, foot-sore and toil-worn, and almost wild, having been out for several months traveling at night, hiding in canebrakes or thickets during the day, often being lost and making little headway at night, particularly in cloudy weather, when the north star could not be seen, sometimes almost perishing for want of food, and afraid of every white person they saw, even after they came into a free State, knowing that slaves were often captured and taken back after crossing the Ohio River.

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- ♣ in rags 누더기〔넝마〕가 되어 / foot-sore 발에 염증이 난 / toil-worn 고생으로 초췌한 / cáne·bràke n.〔대나무〕숲 / *thick·et [θíkit] n. 수풀, 덤불 / héad·wày n. 󰇆 전진, 진행, 진보

동의어/반의어

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Such as these we have kept until they were recruited in strength, provided with clothes, and able to travel. When they first came to us they were generally unwilling to tell their stories, or let us know what part of the South they came from. They would not give their names, or the names of their masters, correctly, fearing that they would be betrayed. In several instances fugitives came to our house sick from exhaustion and exposure, and lay several weeks. One case was that of a woman and her two children - little girls. Hearing that her children were to be sold away from her, she determined to take them with her and attempt to reach Canada. She had heard that Canada was a place where all were free, and that by traveling toward the north star she could reach it. She managed to get over the Ohio River with her two little girls, and then commenced her long and toilsome journey northward. Fearing to travel on the road, even at night, lest she should meet somebody, she made her way through the woods and across fields, living on fruits and green corn, when she could procure them, and sometimes suffering severely for lack of food. Thus she wandered on, and at last reached our neighborhood. Seeing a cabin where some colored people lived she made her way to it. The people received her kindly, and at once conducted her to our house. She was so exhausted by the hardships of her long journey, and so weakened by hunger, having denied herself to feed her children, that she soon became quite sick. Her children were very tired, but soon recovered their strength, and were in good health. They had no shoes nor clothing except what they had on, and that was in tatters. Dr. Henry H. Way was called in, and faithfully attended the sick woman, until her health was restored. Then the little party were provided with good clothing and other comforts, and were sent on their way to Canada.

 본문해석+문법분석

Such as these we have kept until they were recruited in strength, provided with clothes, and able to travel. When they first came to us they were generally unwilling to tell their stories, or let us know what part of the South they came from.

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- ᛜre·cruit [rikrúːt] vt. (체력·건강 따위를) 회복시키다.

They would not give their names, or the names of their masters, correctly, fearing that they would be betrayed. In several instances fugitives came to our house sick from exhaustion and exposure, and lay several weeks.

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- *ex·haus·tion [igzɔ́ːstʃən] n. 극도의 피로, 기진맥진; (과도한 긴장·피로에 의한) 노이로제 / *ex·po·sure [ikspóuʒǝr] n. 󰇆 노출, 쐼, 맞힘

One case was that of a woman and her two children - little girls. Hearing that her children were to be sold away from her, she determined to take them with her and attempt to reach Canada. She had heard that Canada was a place where all were free, and that by traveling toward the north star she could reach it.

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- ⁑de·ter·mine [ditə́ːrmin] vt. 《+to do/+thɑt[절]》 …을 결심하다, 결의하다.

She managed to get over the Ohio River with her two little girls, and then commenced her long and toilsome journey northward. Fearing to travel on the road, even at night, lest she should meet somebody, she made her way through the woods and across fields, living on fruits and green corn, when she could procure them, and sometimes suffering severely for lack of food.

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- *com·mence [kǝméns] vt. 《~+󰃄/+-ing/+to do》 시작하다, 개시하다. / toil·some [tɔ́ilsǝm] ɑ. 힘드는, 고된, 고생스러운. =TOILFUL. / ᛜpro·cure [proukjúǝr, prǝ-] vt. 획득하다, (필수품을) 조달하다

Thus she wandered on, and at last reached our neighborhood. Seeing a cabin where some colored people lived she made her way to it. The people received her kindly, and at once conducted her to our house. She was so exhausted by the hardships of her long journey, and so weakened by hunger, having denied herself to feed her children, that she soon became quite sick.

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- ⁑wan·der [wάndǝr/wɔ́n-] vi. 헤매다, (걸어서) 돌아다니다, 어슬렁거리다, 방랑〔유랑〕하다《ɑbout; over》/ conduct ━[kǝndʌ́kt] vt. 인도하다, 안내하다, 호송하다. / *hard·ship [hάːrdʃìp] n. (종종 pl.) 고난, 고초, 신고(辛苦), 곤란, 곤궁

Her children were very tired, but soon recovered their strength, and were in good health. They had no shoes nor clothing except what they had on, and that was in tatters. Dr. Henry H. Way was called in, and faithfully attended the sick woman, until her health was restored. Then the little party were provided with good clothing and other comforts, and were sent on their way to Canada.

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- ♣ in (rags and) tatters 누더기가 되어, 다 해져서

동의어/반의어

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Dr. Way was a warm friend to the fugitive slaves, and a hearty co-worker with me in anti-slavery matters. The number of those who were friendly to the fugitives increased in our neighborhood as time passed on. Many were willing to aid in clothing them and helping them on their way, and a few were willing to aid in secreting them, but the depot seemed to be established at my house...

The fugitives generally arrived in the night, and were secreted among the friendly colored people or hidden in the upper room of our house. They came alone or in companies, and in a few instances had a white guide to direct them. One company of twenty-eight that crossed the Ohio River at Lawrenceburg, Indiana - twenty miles below Cincinnati - had for conductor a white man whom they had employed to assist them. The company of twenty-eight slaves referred to, all lived in the same neighborhood in Kentucky, and had been planning for some time how they could make their escape from slavery. This white man - John Fairfield - had been in the neighborhood for some weeks buying poultry, etc., for market, and though among the whites he assumed to be very pro-slavery, the negroes soon found that he was their friend.

 본문해석+문법분석

Dr. Way was a warm friend to the fugitive slaves, and a hearty co-worker with me in anti-slavery matters. The number of those who were friendly to the fugitives increased in our neighborhood as time passed on.

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- *hearty [hάːrti] ɑ. (heart·i·er; -i·est) 마음으로부터의, 친절한, 애정 어린; (지원 따위가) 따뜻한

Many were willing to aid in clothing them and helping them on their way, and a few were willing to aid in secreting them, but the depot seemed to be established at my house.

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- se·crete [sikríːt] vt. 비밀로 하다, 은닉하다; 숨기다

The fugitives generally arrived in the night, and were secreted among the friendly colored people or hidden in the upper room of our house.

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- ⁑hide [haid] vt. (hid [hid]; hid·den [hídn], hid) 숨기다, 보이지 않게 하다

They came alone or in companies, and in a few instances had a white guide to direct them. One company of twenty-eight that crossed the Ohio River at Lawrenceburg, Indiana - twenty miles below Cincinnati - had for conductor a white man whom they had employed to assist them.

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- ⁑con·duc·tor [kǝndʌ́ktǝr] n. (fem.-tress [-tris]) 안내자, 지도자, 호송자. /⁑em·ploy [emplɔ́i] vt. (사람을) 쓰다, 고용하다; (아무에게) 일을 주다

The company of twenty-eight slaves referred to, all lived in the same neighborhood in Kentucky, and had been planning for some time how they could make their escape from slavery.

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- ⁑re·fer [rifə́ːr] vt. (-rr-) (조력·정보·결정을 위해 아무를) 보내다, 조회하다《to》; (아무에게) 참조시키다, 주목〔유의〕시키다《to》

This white man - John Fairfield - had been in the neighborhood for some weeks buying poultry, etc., for market, and though among the whites he assumed to be very pro-slavery, the negroes soon found that he was their friend.

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동의어/반의어

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He was engaged by the slaves to help them across the Ohio River, and conduct them to Cincinnati. They paid him some money which they had managed to accumulate. The amount was small, considering the risk the conductor assumed, but it was all they had. Several of the men had their wives with them, and one woman a little child with her, a few months old. John Fairfield conducted the party to the Ohio River, opposite the mouth of the Big Miami, where he knew there were several skiffs tied to the bank, near a woodyard. The entire party crowded into three large skiffs or yawls, and made their way slowly across the river. The boats were overloaded and sank so deep that the passage was made in much peril. The boat John Fairfield was in was leaky, and began to sink when a few rods from the Ohio bank, and he sprang out on the sand-bar, where the water was two or three feet deep, and tried to drag the boat to the shore. He sank to his waist in mud and quick-sands, and had to be pulled out by some of the negroes. The entire party waded out through mud and water and reached the shore safely, though all were wet, and several lost their shoes. They hastened along the bank toward Cincinnati, but it was now late in the night and daylight appeared before they reached the city.

 본문해석+문법분석

He was engaged by the slaves to help them across the Ohio River, and conduct them to Cincinnati. They paid him some money which they had managed to accumulate.

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- *ac·cu·mu·late [ǝkjúːmjǝlèit] vt. (조금씩) 모으다, (재산 따위를) 축적하다; (악의 따위를) 부풀리다.

The amount was small, considering the risk the conductor assumed, but it was all they had. Several of the men had their wives with them, and one woman a little child with her, a few months old. John Fairfield conducted the party to the Ohio River, opposite the mouth of the Big Miami, where he knew there were several skiffs tied to the bank, near a woodyard.

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- *con·sid·er·ing [kǝnsídəriŋ] prep. …을 고려하면, …을 생각하면; …에 비해서 / skiff [skif] n. 소형 (모터)보트; 소형 경장(輕裝) 범선.

The entire party crowded into three large skiffs or yawls, and made their way slowly across the river. The boats were overloaded and sank so deep that the passage was made in much peril. The boat John Fairfield was in was leaky, and began to sink when a few rods from the Ohio bank, and he sprang out on the sand-bar, where the water was two or three feet deep, and tried to drag the boat to the shore.

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- yawl [jɔːl] n. 일종의 작은 범선 / leaky [líːki] ɑ. (leak·i·er; -i·est) 새기 쉬운 / *rod n. 장대, (가늘고 긴) 막대; 낚싯대

He sank to his waist in mud and quick-sands, and had to be pulled out by some of the negroes. The entire party waded out through mud and water and reached the shore safely, though all were wet, and several lost their shoes.

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- quíck·sànd n. 󰇆󰆴 유사(流砂)《그 위를 걷는 사람·짐승을 빨아들임》; 방심할 수 없는 위험한 상태〔사태〕. / *wade [weid] vi. (강 따위를) 걸어서 건너다. /

They hastened along the bank toward Cincinnati, but it was now late in the night and daylight appeared before they reached the city.

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- *has·ten [héisn] vt. 서두르다, 죄어치다, 재촉하다; 빠르게 하다, 촉진하다.

동의어/반의어

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Their plight was a most pitiable one. They were cold, hungry and exhausted; those who had lost their shoes in the mud suffered from bruised and lacerated feet, while to add to their discomfort a drizzling rain fell during the latter part of the night. They could not enter the city, for their appearance would at once proclaim them to be fugitives. When they reached the outskirts Of the city, below Mill Creek, John Fairfield hid them as well as he could, in ravines that had been washed in the sides of the steep hills, and told them not to move until he returned. He then went directly to John Hatfield, a worthy colored man, a deacon in the Zion Baptist church, and told his story. He had applied to Hatfield before, and knew him to be a great friend to the fugitives -- one who had often sheltered them under his roof and aided them in every way be could. When he arrived, wet and muddy, at John Hatfield's house, he was scarcely recognized. He soon made himself and his errand known, and Hatfield at once sent a messenger to me, requesting me to come to his house without delay, as there were fugitives in danger. I went at once and met several prominent colored men who had also been summoned.

 본문해석+문법분석

Their plight was a most pitiable one. They were cold, hungry and exhausted; those who had lost their shoes in the mud suffered from bruised and lacerated feet, while to add to their discomfort a drizzling rain fell during the latter part of the night.

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They could not enter the city, for their appearance would at once proclaim them to be fugitives. When they reached the outskirts Of the city, below Mill Creek, John Fairfield hid them as well as he could, in ravines that had been washed in the sides of the steep hills, and told them not to move until he returned.

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He then went directly to John Hatfield, a worthy colored man, a deacon in the Zion Baptist church, and told his story. He had applied to Hatfield before, and knew him to be a great friend to the fugitives - one who had often sheltered them under his roof and aided them in every way be could.

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When he arrived, wet and muddy, at John Hatfield's house, he was scarcely recognized. He soon made himself and his errand known, and Hatfield at once sent a messenger to me, requesting me to come to his house without delay, as there were fugitives in danger. I went at once and met several prominent colored men who had also been summoned.

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동의어/반의어

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While dry clothes and a warm breakfast were furnished to John Fairfield, we anxiously discussed the situation of the twenty-eight fugitives who were lying hungry and shivering, in the hills in sight of the city. Several plans were suggested, but none seemed practicable. At last I suggested that some one should go immediately to a certain German livery stable in the city and hire two coaches, and that several colored men should go out in buggies and take the women and children from their hiding-places, then that the coaches and buggies should form a procession as if going to a funeral, and march solemnly along the road leading to Cumminsville, on the west side of the Mill Creek. In the western part of Cumminsville was the Methodist Episcopal burying-ground where a certain lot of ground had been set apart for the use of the colored people. They should pass this and continue on the Colerain pike till they reached a right-hand road leading to College Hill. At the latter place they would find a few colored families, living in the outskirts of the village, and could take refuge among them. Jonathan Cable, a Presbyterian minister, who lived near Farmer's College, on the west side of the village, was a prominent Abolitionist, and I knew that he would give prompt assistance to the fugitives.

 본문해석+문법분석

While dry clothes and a warm breakfast were furnished to John Fairfield, we anxiously discussed the situation of the twenty-eight fugitives who were lying hungry and shivering, in the hills in sight of the city. Several plans were suggested, but none seemed practicable.

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At last I suggested that some one should go immediately to a certain German livery stable in the city and hire two coaches, and that several colored men should go out in buggies and take the women and children from their hiding-places, then that the coaches and buggies should form a procession as if going to a funeral, and march solemnly along the road leading to Cumminsville, on the west side of the Mill Creek.

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In the western part of Cumminsville was the Methodist Episcopal burying-ground where a certain lot of ground had been set apart for the use of the colored people. They should pass this and continue on the Colerain pike till they reached a right-hand road leading to College Hill.

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At the latter place they would find a few colored families, living in the outskirts of the village, and could take refuge among them. Jonathan Cable, a Presbyterian minister, who lived near Farmer's College, on the west side of the village, was a prominent Abolitionist, and I knew that he would give prompt assistance to the fugitives.

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동의어/반의어

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I advised that one of the buggies should leave the procession at Cumminsville, after passing the burying ground, and hasten to College Hill to apprise friend Cable of the coming of the fugitives, that he might make arrangements for their reception in suitable places. My suggestions and advice were agreed to, and acted upon as quickly as possible.

While the carriages and buggies were being procured, John Hatfield's wife and daughter, and other colored women of the neighborhood, busied themselves in preparing provisions to be sent to the fugitives. A large stone jug was filled with hot coffee, and this, together with a supply of bread and other provisions, was placed in a buggy and sent on ahead of the carriages, that the hungry fugitives might receive some nourishment before starting. The conductor of the party, accompanied by John Hatfield, went in the buggy, in order to apprise the fugitives of the arrangements that had been made, and have them in readiness to approach the road as soon as the carriages arrived. Several blankets were provided to wrap around the women and children, whom we knew must be chilled by their exposure to the rain and cold. The fugitives were very glad to get the supply of food; the hot coffee especially was a great treat to them, and much revived them. About the time they finished their breakfast the carriages and buggies drove up and halted in the road, and the fugitives were quickly conducted to them and placed inside. The women in the tight carriages wrapped themselves in the blankets, and the woman who had a young babe muffled it closely to keep it warm, and to prevent its cries from being heard. The little thing seemed to be suffering much pain, having been exposed so long to the rain and cold.

 본문해석+문법분석

I advised that one of the buggies should leave the procession at Cumminsville, after passing the burying ground, and hasten to College Hill to apprise friend Cable of the coming of the fugitives, that he might make arrangements for their reception in suitable places. My suggestions and advice were agreed to, and acted upon as quickly as possible.

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While the carriages and buggies were being procured, John Hatfield's wife and daughter, and other colored women of the neighborhood, busied themselves in preparing provisions to be sent to the fugitives.

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A large stone jug was filled with hot coffee, and this, together with a supply of bread and other provisions, was placed in a buggy and sent on ahead of the carriages, that the hungry fugitives might receive some nourishment before starting.

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The conductor of the party, accompanied by John Hatfield, went in the buggy, in order to apprise the fugitives of the arrangements that had been made, and have them in readiness to approach the road as soon as the carriages arrived.

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Several blankets were provided to wrap around the women and children, whom we knew must be chilled by their exposure to the rain and cold. The fugitives were very glad to get the supply of food; the hot coffee especially was a great treat to them, and much revived them.

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About the time they finished their breakfast the carriages and buggies drove up and halted in the road, and the fugitives were quickly conducted to them and placed inside.

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The women in the tight carriages wrapped themselves in the blankets, and the woman who had a young babe muffled it closely to keep it warm, and to prevent its cries from being heard. The little thing seemed to be suffering much pain, having been exposed so long to the rain and cold.

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동의어/반의어

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All the arrangements were carried out, and the party reached College Hill in safety, and were kindly received and cared for.

When it was known by some of the prominent ladies of the village that a large company of fugitives were in the neighborhood, they met together to prepare some clothing for them. Jonathan Cable ascertained the number and size of the shoes needed, and the clothes required to fit the fugitives for traveling, and came down in his carriage to my house, knowing that the Anti-Slavery Sewing Society had their depository there. I went with him to purchase the shoes that were needed and my wife selected all the clothing we had that was suitable for the occasion; the rest was furnished by the noble women of College Hill.

I requested friend Cable to keep the fugitives as secluded as possible until a way could be provided for safely forwarding them on their way to Canada. Friend Cable was a stockholder in the Underground Railroad, and we consulted together about the best route, finally deciding on the line by way of Hamilton, West Elkton, Eaton, Paris, and Newport, Indiana. I wrote to one of my particular friends at West Elkton, informing him that I had some valuable stock on hand which I wished to forward to Newport, and requested him to send three two-horse wagons -- covered -- to College Hill, where the stock was resting, in charge of Jonathan Cable. The three wagons arrived promptly at the time mentioned, and a little after dark took in the party, together with another fugitive who had arrived the night before, and whom we added to the company. They went through to West Elkton safely that night, and the next night reached Newport, Indiana. With little delay they were forwarded on from station to station through Indiana and Michigan to Detroit, having fresh teams and conductors each night, and resting during the day. I had letters from different stations, as they progressed, giving accounts of the arrival and departure of the train, and I also heard of their safe arrival on the Canada shore.

 본문해석+문법분석

All the arrangements were carried out, and the party reached College Hill in safety, and were kindly received and cared for.

When it was known by some of the prominent ladies of the village that a large company of fugitives were in the neighborhood, they met together to prepare some clothing for them.

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Jonathan Cable ascertained the number and size of the shoes needed, and the clothes required to fit the fugitives for traveling, and came down in his carriage to my house, knowing that the Anti-Slavery Sewing Society had their depository there.

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I went with him to purchase the shoes that were needed and my wife selected all the clothing we had that was suitable for the occasion; the rest was furnished by the noble women of College Hill.

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I requested friend Cable to keep the fugitives as secluded as possible until a way could be provided for safely forwarding them on their way to Canada. Friend Cable was a stockholder in the Underground Railroad, and we consulted together about the best route, finally deciding on the line by way of Hamilton, West Elkton, Eaton, Paris, and Newport, Indiana.

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I wrote to one of my particular friends at West Elkton, informing him that I had some valuable stock on hand which I wished to forward to Newport, and requested him to send three two-horse wagons - covered - to College Hill, where the stock was resting, in charge of Jonathan Cable.

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The three wagons arrived promptly at the time mentioned, and a little after dark took in the party, together with another fugitive who had arrived the night before, and whom we added to the company. They went through to West Elkton safely that night, and the next night reached Newport, Indiana.

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With little delay they were forwarded on from station to station through Indiana and Michigan to Detroit, having fresh teams and conductors each night, and resting during the day. I had letters from different stations, as they progressed, giving accounts of the arrival and departure of the train, and I also heard of their safe arrival on the Canada shore.

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동의어/반의어

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Although I received no letter from you by this ship, yet forasmuch as I know you expect the performance of my promise, which was, to write unto you truly and faithfully of all things, I have therefore at this time sent unto you accordingly, referring you for further satisfaction to our more large relations.

 본문해석+문법분석

Although I received no letter from you by this ship, yet forasmuch as I know you expect the performance of my promise, which was, to write unto you truly and faithfully of all things, I have therefore at this time sent unto you accordingly, referring you for further satisfaction to our more large relations.

- 비록 제가 배편으로 당신의 편지를 전혀 받지 못했을지라도, 그러나 당신은 제 약속의 이행은, 즉, 당신에게 모든 것에 관하여 진심으로 성의를 다해 편지를 쓰는 것을 기대하고 있는 까닭에, 저는 따라서 이번에, 당신이 더더욱 만족하도록 우리의 더욱 큰 관계를 유의시키고자, 당신에게 편지를 썼습니다.

- although[양보절: 비록 ~일지라도] /  as I know (that) you expect A[the performance ~ ] to B[write ~ ] : A가 B되기를 기대하다 / referring A[you] to B[our ~ ] : A가 B하는 것을 유의시키고자 / for further satisfaction[더더욱 만족하도록]

- forasmuch as …임을 보면, …인 까닭에(seeing that, since) / our more large[=our larger]

동의어/반의어

- relation  n. affiliation[ǝfílièitʃən], affinity[ǝfínǝti]인척(관계), attachment[ǝtǽtʃmənt], bond[bɑnd/bɔnd], connection[kǝnékʃən],  ant. separation[sèpǝréiʃən]

You shall understand that in this little time a few of us have been here, we have built seven dwelling-houses and four for the use of the plantation, and have made preparations for divers others. We set last spring some twenty acres of Indian corn, and sowed some six acres of barley and peas; and according to the manner of the Indians, we manured our ground with herrings, or rather shads, which we have in great abundance, and take with great ease at our doors. Our corn did prove well; and, God be praised, we had a good increase of Indian corn, and our barley indifferent good, but our peas not worth the gathering, for we feared they were too late sown. They came up very well, and blossomed; but the sun parched them in the blossom.

 본문해석+문법분석

You shall understand that in this little time a few of us have been here, we have built seven dwelling-houses and four for the use of the plantation, and have made preparations for divers others.

- 우리들 몇몇이 이곳에 도착한 이 짧은 시간 동안, 우리는 7개의 주거지와 농장으로 4개의 주거지를 만들었고, 여러 가지의 다른 용도로 준비를 했음을 당신은 이해하게 될 것입니다.

- You shall understand[=I will make you understand 내가 당신이 이해하도록 시킬 것이다] / in this little time (when) ~ have been here[=have arrived here 이곳에 도착 후, 얼마 되지 않아] / we have built[현재완료 결과] / four (dwelling-houses) for[~ 용도로 4개의 거주지]

- plantation [plæntéiʃən] n. 재배지, 농원, 농장 / make preparations for …의 준비를 하다. / divers [dáivǝːrz] ɑ. 몇몇의, 약간의; 여러 가지의.

We set last spring some twenty acres of Indian corn, and sowed some six acres of barley and peas; and according to the manner of the Indians, we manured our ground with herrings, or rather shads, which we have in great abundance, and take with great ease at our doors.

- 우리는 지난봄에 약 20에이커에 인디언 옥수수를 심었고, 약 6에이커에는 보리와 콩을 뿌렸습니다.; 인디언의 방식대로, 우리는 풍부하고, 아주 쉽게 문가에서 잡을 수 있는 청어를, 더 정확히 말하면 청어류를 비료로 썼습니다.

- or rather[더 정확히 말하면]

- set [set] vt. (p., pp. set; sét·ting) (모종·씨 등을) 심다. / ma·nure [mǝnjúǝr] vt. …에 비료를 주다. / her·ring [hériŋ] n. (pl. ~s, ⦗집합적⦘ ~) 청어 / shad [ʃæd] n. (pl. ~(s)) 청어류.

Our corn did prove well; and, God be praised, we had a good increase of Indian corn, and our barley indifferent good, but our peas not worth the gathering, for we feared they were too late sown. They came up very well, and blossomed; but the sun parched them in the blossom.

- 우리가 심은 옥수수는 아주 잘되었습니다.; 그리고 고맙게도, 우리는 인디언 옥수수를 많이 생산 하였고, 우리가 심은 보리는 그저 좋았습니다. 그러나 우리가 심은 콩은 수확할 정도는 아니었습니다. 왜냐하면, 그 곡식들을 너무 늦게 뿌렸기 때문입니다. 곡식들은 아주 잘 자랐고, 꽃도 피웠습니다.; 하지만 태양은 꽃이 핀 작물을 시들게 하였습니다.

- Our corn did[강조용법=really] / we had a good increase[작황이 좋았다] / our barley (was) indifferent good, but our peas (were) not / for[=because] we feared (that) they ~ / They came up[=grew] / parched them in the blossom[꽃이 만발한 곡식들을 그을리었다]

- prove [pruːv] vt. (~d; ~d, prov·en [prúːvən]) ~이 되다(turn out) / God be praised! (참) 고맙기도 해라. / in·dif·fer·ent [indífərǝnt] ɑ. 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은 / blos·som [blάsǝm] 꽃을 피우다 / parch [pɑːrtʃ] vt. (콩 따위를) 볶다, 굽다; 태우다(scorch), 그을리다

동의어/반의어

- parch v. dehydrate[diːháidreit]건조시키다, desiccate[désikèit]탈수하여 가루 모양으로 만들다, dry[drai], shrivel[ʃríːvəl]시들게 하다, scorch[skɔːrtʃ]그슬리다, sear[siǝr], singe[sindʒ]태워 그을리다  ant.  moisten[mɔ́isən]축축하게 하다,  wet[wet]

Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, so that we might, after a special manner, rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors. They four in one day killed as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the company almost a week. At which time, among other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming among us, and among the rest their greatest king, Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted; and they went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation, and bestowed on our governor, and upon the captain and others. And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God we are so far from want, that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.

 본문해석+문법분석

Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, so that we might, after a special manner, rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors.

- 추수가 끝난 후, 우리 총독께선 들새 사냥에 4명을 보내셨습니다. 그리하여, 우리는 특별 의식이 끝나고, 노동의 결실을 거둔 후 함께 기뻐할 수 있었던 것 같습니다.

- [분사구문](After our harvest was gotten in) / on fowling[들새 사냥에] / so that[결과: 그리하여] / after we had gathered[과거완료: 결과: 시제의 일치(미리 일어난 사실)]

- fówl·ing n. 󰇆 들새〔새〕사냥 / re·joice [ridʒɔ́is] vi. 기뻐하다, 좋아하다, 축하하다《ɑt; in; over; on》

They four in one day killed as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the company almost a week. At which time, among other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming among us, and among the rest their greatest king, Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted; and they went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation, and bestowed on our governor, and upon the captain and others.

- 그들 네 명은 하루 동안 주위에서, 약간의 도움을 받아, 한 주 동안 동료들에게 고기를 제공해 줄만큼 많은 새를 잡았습니다. 그 동안, 다른 오락 중에, 우린 총 쏘는 연습을 하였고, 우리들 중에는 많은 인디언들과, 그들의 위대한 추장인 마사소이트와 더불어 약 90명이 있었고, 3일 동안 우린 함께 즐기고 대접을 하였습니다. ; 그들은 나가더니 5마리의 사슴을 농장으로 가져와 저희 총독과 선장 그리고 다른 사람들에게 주었습니다.

- as much + 명사[fowl] as (they) served ~ : 그들이 ~에게 제공해 줄 만큼 많은 새를 / At which[관계형용사] time[그 동안] / many of the Indians coming among us[우리와 함께 어울린 많은 인디언들] / among the rest[그 밖의 사람들 중에] / we entertained and feasted (some ninety men) / they brought A[five deer] to the plantation / and (they) bestowed A[five deer] on B[our ~]

- fowl [faul] n. (pl. ~s, ⦗집합적⦘ ~) 󰇆 닭고기; 새고기 / feast [fiːst] vt. …을 위해 축연을 베풀다(regale); 대접하다(on) / Massasoit 마사소이트(미국 인디언이면, 파카노켓으 추장) / be·stow [bistóu] vt. 주다, 수여〔부여〕하다, 증여하다(on, upon)

And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God we are so far from want, that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.

- 그리고 비록 이번엔 지난번과 같이 늘 풍부하진 않을지라도, 신의 은총으로 우린 부족함이 덜해, 당신이 우리와 함께하기를 종종 바랍니다.

- although[양보절: 비록 ~일지라도] it be[is] not always[부분부정: 늘 ~은 아닌] / so plentiful as it was[지난번과 같이 풍부한] / so far from want[부족함과 별개로] that[결과] ~ / wish A[you] B[partakers of our plenty] 당신이 우리의 풍요로움을 함께하는 참가자(함께 하기를 소망하다)

- partáker n. 분담자, (고락 따위를) 함께 하는 사람, 참가자, 관계자(of, in).

동의어/반의어

- bestow  v.  accord[ǝkɔ́ːrd], award[ǝwɔ́ːrd], confer[kǝnfə́ːr], grant[grænt], impart[impάːrt], present[prizént]  ant.  accept[æksépt]

We have found the Indians very faithful in their covenant of peace with us, very loving, and ready to pleasure us. We often go to them, and they come to us. Some of us have been fifty miles by land in the country with them, the occasions and relations whereof you shall understand by our general and more full declaration of such things as are worth the noting. Yea, it has pleased God so to possess the Indians with a fear of us and love unto us, that not only the greatest king among them, called Massasoit, but also all the princes and peoples round about us, have either made suit unto us, or been glad of any occasion to make peace with us; so that seven of them at once have sent their messengers to us to that end. Yea, an isle at sea, which we never saw, hath also, together with the former, yielded willingly to be under the protection and subject to our sovereign lord King James. So that there is now great peace amongst the Indians themselves, which was not formerly, neither would have been but for us; and we, for our parts, walk as peaceably and safely in the wood as in the highways in England. We entertain them familiarly in our houses, and they as friendly bestowing their venison on us. They are a people without any religion or knowledge of any God, yet very trusty, quick of apprehension, ripe-witted, just.

 본문해석+문법분석

We have found the Indians very faithful in their covenant of peace with us, very loving, and ready to pleasure us. We often go to them, and they come to us. Some of us have been fifty miles by land in the country with them, the occasions and relations whereof you shall understand by our general and more full declaration of such things as are worth the noting.

- 우리는 인디언들이 우리와 맺은 조약에 아주 성실하고, 충실하고 우리를 만족시켜줄 부족이라는 것을 알게 되었습니다. 우리는 종종 서로 왕래를 합니다. 우리들 중 어떤 이들은 그들과 육로로 50마일 떨어져 지내며, 당신은 주목할 만한 것에 대한 우리의 보편적이고 더욱 완전한 마음에 의해 경사스런 일과 서로의 이해관계를 이해하게 될 것입니다.

- we have found[현재완료 경험] / find[found] A[목적어: the Indians] B1[목적격 보어: very faithful], B2[very loving], and B3[ready ~] : 우리는 A가 B1, B2, 그리고 B3한 것을 알게 되었다. / have been fifty miles[50마일 떨어져 살고 있다] / [가산명사]the occasions[축제] / relations[이해관계] / you shall[~하게 될 것이다] understand about[=whereof] [about의 목적어는 the occasions and relations] / such A[things] as B[are worth the nothing] : B할 만한 가치가 있는 일들

- faithful [féiɵfəl] a. 충실한, 성실한(sincere), 믿을 수 있는(reliable)(to) / covenant [kʌ́vənənt] n. 계약, 서약 / loving [lʌ́viŋ] a. ① 애정을 품고 있는 ② 충실한 / pleasure [pléʒər] vt. ~에게 즐거움[기쁨]을 주다. / whereóf ɑd. 그것의, 그것에 관하여; 그 사람의 / declaration [dèklǝréiʃən] n. 󰇆󰆴 선언(서), 발표; (사랑의) 고백(of)

Yea, it has pleased God so to possess the Indians with a fear of us and love unto us, that not only the greatest king among them, called Massasoit, but also all the princes and peoples round about us, have either made suit unto us, or been glad of any occasion to make peace with us; so that seven of them at once have sent their messengers to us to that end.

- 다행히도 인디언들이 우리에 대한 두려움을 떨쳐내어 호감을 갖도록 하기 위해, 그들의 위대한 추장인 마사소이트 뿐만 아니라, 우리 주위의 귀공자들과 주민들이 우리에게 청원을 하거나 우리와 평화롭게 지내기 위한 행사를 반기고 있습니다.; 즉시, 그들 중 7명은 우리에게 끝까지 사자를 보내오고 있습니다.

- it[가주어] has pleased God[~은 다행한 일이다] / so to possess ~ and love ~[억제하고 사랑하도록 하기 위하여] / not only A, but (also) B: A뿐만 아니라, B도 / make suit unto us[우리에게 청원하다] / to the end[끝까지] /

- yea [jei] ɑd. 실로, 참으로(indeed) / possess [pəzés] vt. (마음·감정 등을) 억제하다.

Yea, an isle at sea, which we never saw, hath also, together with the former, yielded willingly to be under the protection and subject to our sovereign lord King James. So that there is now great peace amongst the Indians themselves, which was not formerly, neither would have been but for us; and we, for our parts, walk as peaceably and safely in the wood as in the highways in England.

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We entertain them familiarly in our houses, and they as friendly bestowing their venison on us. They are a people without any religion or knowledge of any God, yet very trusty, quick of apprehension, ripe-witted, just.

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동의어/반의어

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For the temper of the air here, it agrees well with that in England; and if there be any difference at all, this is somewhat hotter in summer. Some think it to be colder in winter; but I cannot out of experience so say. The air is very clear, and not foggy, as has been reported. I never in my life remember a more seasonable year than we have here enjoyed; and if we have once but kine, horses, and sheep, I make no question but men might live as contented here as in any part of the world. For fish and fowl, we have great abundance. Fresh cod in the summer is but coarse meat with us. Our bay is full of lobsters all the summer, and affords a variety of other fish. In September we can take a hogshead of eels in a night, with small labor, and can dig them out of their beds all the winter. We have muscles and othus [others?] at our doors. Oysters we have none near, but we can have them brought by the Indians when we will. All the spring-time the earth sends forth naturally very good salad herbs. Here are grapes, white and red, and very sweet and strong also; strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, etc.; plums of three sorts, white, black, and red, being almost as good as a damson; abundance of roses, white, red and damask; single, but very sweet indeed. The country wants only industrious men to employ; for it would grieve your hearts if, as I, you had seen so many miles together by goodly rivers uninhabited; and withal, to consider those parts of the world wherein you live to be even greatly burdened with abundance of people. These things I thought good to let you understand, being the truth of things as near as I could experimentally take knowledge of, and that you might on our behalf give God thanks, who hath dealt so favorably with us.

 본문해석+문법분석

For the temper of the air here, it agrees well with that in England; and if there be any difference at all, this is somewhat hotter in summer. Some think it to be colder in winter; but I cannot out of experience so say. The air is very clear, and not foggy, as has been reported.

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I never in my life remember a more seasonable year than we have here enjoyed; and if we have once but kine, horses, and sheep, I make no question but men might live as contented here as in any part of the world. For fish and fowl, we have great abundance.

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Fresh cod in the summer is but coarse meat with us. Our bay is full of lobsters all the summer, and affords a variety of other fish. In September we can take a hogshead of eels in a night, with small labor, and can dig them out of their beds all the winter.

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 We have muscles and othus [others?] at our doors. Oysters we have none near, but we can have them brought by the Indians when we will. All the spring-time the earth sends forth naturally very good salad herbs. Here are grapes, white and red, and very sweet and strong also; strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, etc.; plums of three sorts, white, black, and red, being almost as good as a damson; abundance of roses, white, red and damask; single, but very sweet indeed.

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The country wants only industrious men to employ; for it would grieve your hearts if, as I, you had seen so many miles together by goodly rivers uninhabited; and withal, to consider those parts of the world wherein you live to be even greatly burdened with abundance of people.

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These things I thought good to let you understand, being the truth of things as near as I could experimentally take knowledge of, and that you might on our behalf give God thanks, who hath dealt so favorably with us.

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동의어/반의어

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Our supply of men from you came the 9th of November, 1621, putting in at Cape Cod, some eight or ten leagues from us. The Indians that dwell thereabout were they who were owners of the corn which we found in caves, for which we have given them full content, and are in great league with them. They sent us word there was a ship near unto them, but thought it to be a Frenchman; and indeed for ourselves we expected not a friend so soon. But when we perceived that she made for our bay, the governor commanded a great piece to be shot off, to call home such as were abroad at work. Whereupon every man, yea boy, that could handle a gun, were ready, with full resolution that, if she were an enemy, we would stand in our just defense, not fearing them. But God provided better for us than we supposed. These came all in health, not any being sick by the way, otherwise than by sea-sickness, and so continue at this time, by the blessing of God. . . .

 본문해석+문법분석

Our supply of men from you came the 9th of November, 1621, putting in at Cape Cod, some eight or ten leagues from us. The Indians that dwell thereabout were they who were owners of the corn which we found in caves, for which we have given them full content, and are in great league with them.

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They sent us word there was a ship near unto them, but thought it to be a Frenchman; and indeed for ourselves we expected not a friend so soon. But when we perceived that she made for our bay, the governor commanded a great piece to be shot off, to call home such as were abroad at work.

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Whereupon every man, yea boy, that could handle a gun, were ready, with full resolution that, if she were an enemy, we would stand in our just defense, not fearing them. But God provided better for us than we supposed.

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These came all in health, not any being sick by the way, otherwise than by sea-sickness, and so continue at this time, by the blessing of God. . . .

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동의어/반의어

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When it pleased God we are settled and fitted for the fishing business and other trading, I doubt not but by the blessing of God the gain will give content to all. In the meantime, that we have gotten we have sent by this ship; and though it be not much, yet it will witness for us that we have not been idle, considering the smallness of our number all this summer. We hope the merchants will accept of it, and be encouraged to furnish us with things needful for further employment, which will also encourage us to put forth ourselves to the uttermost.

 본문해석+문법분석

When it pleased God we are settled and fitted for the fishing business and other trading, I doubt not but by the blessing of God the gain will give content to all. In the meantime, that we have gotten we have sent by this ship; and though it be not much, yet it will witness for us that we have not been idle, considering the smallness of our number all this summer.

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We hope the merchants will accept of it, and be encouraged to furnish us with things needful for further employment, which will also encourage us to put forth ourselves to the uttermost.

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동의어/반의어

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Now because I expect your coming unto us, with other of our friends, whose company we much desire, I thought good to advertise you of a few things needful. Be careful to have a very good bread-room to put your biscuits in. Let your cask for beer and water be iron-bound, for the first tire, if not more. Let not your meat be dry-salted; none can better do it than the sailors. Let your meal be so hard trod in your cask that you shall need an adz or hatchet to work it out with. Trust not too much on us for corn at this time, for by reason of this last company that came, depending wholly upon us, we shall have little enough till harvest. Be careful to come by some of your meal to spend by the way; it will much refresh you. Build your cabins as open as you can, and bring good store of clothes and bedding with you. Bring every man a musket or fowling-piece. Let your piece be long in the barrel, and fear not the weight of it, for most of our shooting is from stands. Bring juice of lemons, and take it fasting; it is of good use. For hot waters, aniseed water is the best; but use it sparingly. If you bring anything for comfort in the country, butter or salad oil, or both, is very good. Our Indian corn, even the coarsest, makes as pleasant meat as rice; therefore spare that, unless to spend by the way. Bring paper and linseed oil for your windows, with cotton yarn for your lamps. Let your shot be most for big fowls, and bring store of powder and shot. I forbear further to write for the present, hoping to see you by the next return. So I take my leave, commending you to the Lord for a safe conduct unto us, resting in him,

Your loving friend,

E. W.

 본문해석+문법분석

Now because I expect your coming unto us, with other of our friends, whose company we much desire, I thought good to advertise you of a few things needful. Be careful to have a very good bread-room to put your biscuits in.

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Let your cask for beer and water be iron-bound, for the first tire, if not more. Let not your meat be dry-salted; none can better do it than the sailors. Let your meal be so hard trod in your cask that you shall need an adz or hatchet to work it out with.

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Trust not too much on us for corn at this time, for by reason of this last company that came, depending wholly upon us, we shall have little enough till harvest. Be careful to come by some of your meal to spend by the way; it will much refresh you.

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Build your cabins as open as you can, and bring good store of clothes and bedding with you. Bring every man a musket or fowling-piece. Let your piece be long in the barrel, and fear not the weight of it, for most of our shooting is from stands.

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Bring juice of lemons, and take it fasting; it is of good use. For hot waters, aniseed water is the best; but use it sparingly. If you bring anything for comfort in the country, butter or salad oil, or both, is very good.

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Our Indian corn, even the coarsest, makes as pleasant meat as rice; therefore spare that, unless to spend by the way. Bring paper and linseed oil for your windows, with cotton yarn for your lamps. Let your shot be most for big fowls, and bring store of powder and shot.

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I forbear further to write for the present, hoping to see you by the next return. So I take my leave, commending you to the Lord for a safe conduct unto us, resting in him,

Your loving friend,

E. W.

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동의어/반의어

-

_③How _①you, O Athenians, _④have been affected _②by my accusers, _⑤I cannot tell. But _⑩I know that they _⑨almost made me forget _⑧who I was, _⑦so persuasively did _⑥they speak. And yet they have hardly uttered a word of truth.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- _①아테네 시민여러분들이 _②제 고소인들에 의해 _③얼마나 _④영향을 받아왔는지를 _⑤말할 수 없습니다(알 것 같습니다). 그러나 _⑥그들은 _⑦너무나 설득력이 있어서 _⑧제 과거의 본분을 _⑨거의 잃을 뻔했다는 것을 _⑩저는 압니다. 그렇지만 그들은 거의 한마디의 진실도 할한 적이 없습니다.

- [도치문] I cannot tell how you ~ / [도치문] But I know that they spoke so persuasively (that) they almost ~ / and yet[그럼에도 불구하고] / hardly[부분부정: 거의 ~ 않는]

- apology [əpɑ́lədʒi / əpɔ́l-] n. 사죄, 변명 / affect [əfékt] vt.~에게 영향을 주다. / accuser [əkjúːzər] n. (형사) 고소인. [cf.] plaintiff. / persuasive [pərswéisiv] a. 설득력 있는 / hardly [hɑ́ːrdli] ad. 거의 ~아니다[않다] / utter vt. (말 또는 글로) 발언하다, 말하다, 유포하다.

- apology n. confession[kənféʃən], repentance[ripéntəns], argument[ɑ́ːrgjəmənt], defense[diféns, dː́fens], excuse[ikskjúːz],  justification[dʒʌ̀stəfikéiʃən]

But of the many falsehoods told by them, there was one which quite amazed me; - I mean when they said that you should be upon your guard and not allow yourselves to be deceived by the force of my eloquence.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 그러나 그들이 말한 많은 거짓말 중에 저를 아주 놀라게 한 것이 하나 있습니다. - 당신은 방심해선 안 되고 저의 능변에 속아서는 안 된다고 말할 때입니다.

- of[~중에] / many falsehoods (which were) told by them[=accusers] / [도치문] there was[~가 있었다] one which[관계대명사: amazed의 선행사는 one] / upon your guard[경계하는] / allow + 목적어[yourselves] + to부정사 / be deceived by[~의해 속는]

- falsehood [fɔ́ːlshùd] n. ① c 거짓말(lie), 거짓. / amaze [əméiz] vt. 깜짝 놀라게 하다. / eloquence [éləkwəns] n. U 웅변. 설득력

- eloquence n. effectiveness[iféktivnis], fluency[flúːənsi], persuasiveness[pərswéisivnis], style[stail]

To say this, when they were certain to be detected as soon as I opened my lips and proved myself to be anything but a great speaker, did indeed appear to me most shameless - unless by the force of eloquence they mean the force of truth; for such is their meaning, I admit that I am eloquent.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

이것을 말씀드리자면, 제가 입을 열어 제 자신이 결코 굉장한 연설가가 아님을 입증하자마자 곧, 그들이 분명 간파당한 것 같았을 때, 실로 저에게는 아주 파렴치한 것 같았습니다. - 언변으로 그들이 진실을 의미하지 않으면; 왜냐하면 그런 것은 그들의 의미뿐이기 때문에, 저는 제가 설득력이 있다고 인정하는 봐 입니다.

when[부사절: ~일 때] / certain to be detected[분명히 간파당한] / as soon as[접속사: ~하자마자 곧] / opened my lips[입을 열다, 말하다] / proved myself to[~을 입증하다] / anything but[=never, 결코 ~가 아닌] / (they) did[강조용법] / unless[접속사: ~하지 않으면] / for[=because]

‡detect [ditékt] vt. ① 『+목+-ing』 (나쁜 짓 따위를) 발견하다, (┅하고 있는 것을) 보다. [SYN.] ⇨ FIND. ② 간파하다, ┅임을 발견하다. / †shameless [ʃéimlis] a. 부끄러움을 모르는, 파렴치한, 뻔뻔스러운; 추잡한, 음란한. / ⁂admit [ædmít, əd-] v. (-tt-) ―vt. ① 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 들이다, ┅에게 입장[입회·입학·입국]을 허가하다((in; to; into)); ┅에게 신분[특권] 취득을 인정하다(to). / ‡eloquent [éləkwənt] a. ① 웅변의, 능변인. ② 설득력 있는; 감동적인.

shameless a. brashbræʃ], brazen[bréizən], immodest[imɑ́dist], unabashed[ʌ̀nəbǽʃt], unblushing[ʌnblʌ́ʃiŋ], appalling[əpɔ́ːliŋ], condemnable[kəndémnəbəl], disgraceful[disgréisfəl], shameful[ʃéimfəl]  ant.  bashful[bǽʃfəl],  laudable[lɔ́ːdəb-əl]

But in how different a way from theirs! Well, as I was saying, they have scarcely spoken the truth at all; but from me you shall hear the whole truth: not, however, delivered after their manner in a set oration duly ornamented with words and phrases.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 그러나 제가 말씀드렸듯이 그들의 의미가 참으로 다른 방식일 때! 음, 그들은 전혀 진실을 말하지 않았습니다. 그러나 여러분들은 제에게서 모든 진실을 듣게 될 것입니다: 그러나 말과 말씨로 적당히 장식된 일련의 말 속에 그들의 방식과 저는 다릅니다.

- [감탄문 형식] how+형용사+주어+(동사)[그들이 의미한 것과 참으로 다르게] / as I was saying[제가 말씀드렸듯이] / at all[부정문: 전혀] / you shall[말하는 사람의 의지: ~하게 될 것이다] hear the whole truth from me / not delivered[그들의 말과 제 말은 다른] / a set oration (which was) duly ornamented

- scarcely [skɛ́əːrsli] ad. ① 간신히, 가까스로, 겨우. [cf.] hardly. ② 「can 따위를 수반하여」 거의 ┅아니다; 설마 ┅하는 일은 없다. ③ 단연 ┅아니다. / oration [ɔːréiʃən] n. ① 연설; 식사(式辭). / duly [djúːli] ad. ① 정식으로, 정당하게, 당연히; 적당하게. ② 충분히(sufficiently). ③ 제시간에, 지체 없이, 시간대로(punctually); 때에 알맞게. / ornament [ɔ́ːrnəmènt ] vt. 꾸미다, 장식하다(embellish); ┅의 장식이 되다. / phrase [freiz] n. ① 〖문법〗 구(句). ② 성구(成句), 관용구(idiom). ③ 말씨, 표현(법).

- ornament n. accessory[æksésəri], adornment[ədɔ́ːrnmənt], elaboration[ilæ̀bəréiʃən], embellishment[imbéliʃmənt], trimming[trímiŋ], bauble[bɔ́ːbəl], charm[tʃɑːrm], decoration[dèkəréiʃən], trinket[tríŋkit]자질구레한 장신구  v.  adorn[ədɔ́ːrn], decorate[dékərèit], embellish[imbéliiʃ], enhance[enhǽns], gild[gild], trim[trim]  ant.  simplify[símpləfài]단순화하다.

How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell. But I know that they almost made me forget who I was, so ①persuasively did they speak. And yet they have ②hardly uttered a word of truth. But of the many falsehoods told by them, there was one which ③quitely amazed me; - I mean when they said that you should be upon your guard and not allow yourselves to be deceived by the force of my eloquence. To say this, when they were certain to be detected as soon as I opened my lips and proved myself to be anything but a great speaker, did indeed appear to me most shameless - unless by the force of eloquence they mean the force of truth; for such is their meaning, I admit that I am eloquent. But in how different a way from theirs! Well, as I was saying, they have ④scarcely spoken the truth at all; but from me you shall hear the whole truth: not, however, delivered after their manner in a set oration ⑤duly ornamented with words and phrases.

No, by heaven! but I shall use the words and arguments which occur to me at the moment; for I am confident in the justice of my cause (Or, I am certain that I am right in taking this course.): at my time of life I ought not to be appearing before you, O men of Athens, in the character of a juvenile orator - let no one expect it of me.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 그렇습니다, 하늘에 맹세코! 그러나 저는 지금 저에게 떠오르는 단어와 주장을 활용할 것입니다; 왜냐하면 저는 저의 대의가 정의롭다고 확신하기 때문입니다. (또는 이런 과정을 택하는 것이 옳다고 확신합니다.): 제 인생에서 제가 경험 없는 연설자의 인격이라면 아테네 시민 여러분 앞에 나타지 않아야만 합니다. - 아무도 저에게 그것을 바라지 않으시죠.

- No[위 문장에서 not delivered이므로: 해석은 ‘그렇습니다.’] / shall[결의의 객관적인 표현」 꼭 ┅한다.] / the words and arguments which[관계대명사: the words and arguments를 수식] ~ / confident in the justice of my cause[저의 동기[대의]가 정의롭다고 확신하는] / right in taking this course[앞의 내용을 일컬음: 이러한 과정을 택하는 것이 옳다는] / in the character of juvenile orator[경험 없는(어린) 연설자라면]

- cause [kɔːz] n. U,C 원인([opp.] effect), 대의, 큰 목적(object) / juvenile [dʒúːvənəl, -nàil] a. 젊은, 어린 / orator [ɔ́(ː)rətər, ɑ́r-] n. 연설자, 웅변가;

- juvenile a. adolescent[æ̀dəlésənt], young[jʌŋ], youthful[júːɵfəl], childish[tʃaíldiʃ], immature[ìmətjúə́r], infantile[ínfəntàil, -til]  n.  child[tʃaild], minor[máinər], youngster[jʌ́ŋstəːr], youth[juːɵ]  ant.  adult[ədʌ́lt, ǽdʌl], mature[mətjúəːr, -tʃúəːr]  grown-up[gróunʌ̀p]

And I must beg of you to grant me a favor: - If I defend myself in my accustomed manner, and you hear me using the words which I have been in the habit of using in the agora, at the tables of the money-changers, or anywhere else, I would ask you not to be surprised, and not to interrupt me on this account.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 그리고 저에게 호의를 베풀어 달라고 여러분들에게 호소합니다.: - 만일 제가 익숙한 방식에서 제 자신을 옹호하거나 집회장에서나 환전상 탁자에서나 그 외의 다른 곳에서 사용하는 단어들에 제가 익숙해져 있다는 것을 들으시더라도, 놀라지 말 것과 이런 변명에서 저의 말을 중단시키지 말 것을 부탁드리고 싶습니다.

- must[주어의 주장, 강한 의지」 꼭 ┅하고 싶다[해야 한다], ┅않고는 못 배긴다(must가 강하게 발음됨).] / beg of[간청하다] / grant A[me:간접 목적어] B[a favor:직접 목적어] / If[=though로 해석: ~하더라도] / the words which I have been in the habit of using[의 목적어는 the words임: 제가 사용하는 단어에 습관에 배어 있는] / would[~하고 싶다] ask you[여러분들에게 부탁하고 싶다] / interrupt me on this account[이런 제 변명을 중단시키다]

- beg [beg] vt. ~에게 간절히 바라다. / grant [grænt, grɑːnt] vvt. 주다, 수여하다, 부여하다(bestow). / favor U 호의, 친절(good will). / accustomed [əkʌ́stəmd] a. 익숙한, 익숙해져서(to). / agora [ǽgərə] n. 시민의 정치집회; 집회장, 시장, 광장. / móney chànger 환전상 / interrupt[ìntərʌ́pt] vt. 저지하다, 중단시키다(in; during). / account [əkáunt] n. 계산, 계정, 설명

- interrupt v. break in[breikin], interfere[ìntərfíər], intrude[intrúːd], discontinue[dìskəntínjuː], leave off, stop[stɑp / stɔp]  suspend[səspénd]

For I am more than seventy years of age, and appearing now for the first time in a court of law, I am quite a stranger to the language of the place; and therefore I would have you regard me as if I were really a stranger, whom you would excuse if he spoke in his native tongue, and after the fashion of his country: - Am I making an unfair request of you?

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 왜냐하면 저는 70세가 넘은 노인이고, 법정에 처음 지금 나와, 법정용어에 아주 어색한 사람이기 때문입니다.; 그리하여 자신의 모국어나 습관에 따라 말하는 이방인을 여러분들이 너그러이 봐주는 것처럼 저도 그렇게 생각해 주시길 바랍니다. - 제가 여러분들에게 과한 부탁을 하는 건가요?

- For[=Because] / more than[~이상] / [분사구문] (as I appear = appearing) / quite a stranger[아주 낮선 이방인] / to the language of the place[이곳(법정) 용어에] / and therefore[그리하여] / would[~하고 싶다] / regard A[me] B[as if ~ ][마치~처럼] : A를 마치 B처럼 간주하다[생각하다] / a stranger, whom[목적격 관계대명사: excuse의 목적어는 a stranger] / if[=though, 양보절로 해석] he[=a stranger] spoke in his native tongue, and (spoke) after the fashion[그가 모국어나 습관에 따라 말할지라도] / an unfair request of you[여러분들에게 과한 요구]

- language [lǽŋgwidʒ] n. U 언어, 말. 술어, 전문어, 용어. / excuse [ikskjúːz] vt. 용서하다(forgive). 변명하다, 구실을 대다. / fashion [fǽʃən] n. U 양식, 형, 스타일(style, shape) / unfair [ʌnfɛ́ər] a. 공정치 못한, 부정직한.

- unfair a. inequitable[inékwətəbəl], unethical[ʌnéɵikəl], unjust[ʌndʒʌ́st], unsporting[ʌnspɔ́ːrtiŋ], biased[báiəst], partial[pɑ́ːrʃəl], prejudiced[prédʒədist]  ant.  just[dʒʌst], impartial[impɑ́ːrʃəl]

Never mind the manner, which may or may not be good; but think only of the truth of my words, and give heed to that: let the speaker speak truly and the judge decide justly.

 본문해석+문법분석+단어분석+동의어/반의어

- 이런 방식이 맘에 들든 아니든 신경 쓰지 마시고 제 말의 진실만을 생각해 주시고 그것에 유념해 주시길 바랍니다.: 연설자가 진실을 말하고 판사가 공정하게 판결하도록 (유념해 주시길 바랍니다.)

- the manner, which[주격 관계대명사] may or may not be good[맘에 들든 아니든] / think only of[단지 ~ 만을 생각하다] / give heed to that[=let the speaker ~ justly: 연설자가 진실을 말하고 판사가 공정하게 판결하는 일에 주의를 기울이다]

- mind [maind] vt. ~에 주의를 기울이다. / heed [hiːd] n. U 주의(attention), 유의(regard); 배려, 조심. give [pay] ∼ to ┅에 주의[유의]하다.

- heed v. follow[fɑ́lou / fɔ́lou], mind[maind], obey[oubéi], bear[bɛər] in mind, consider[kənsídər], listen[lísən], respect[rispékt] n.  attention[əténʃən], consideration[kənsìdəréiʃən], notice[nóutis], thought[ɵɔːt]  ant.  ignore[ignɔ́ːr], disregard[dìsrigɑ́ːrd  neglect[niglékt]

No, by heaven! but I shall use the words and arguments which occur to me at the moment; for I am confident/confidential in the justice of my cause (Or, I am certain that I am right in taking this course.): at my time of life I ought not to be appearing before you, O men of Athens, in the character of a ①juvenile orator - let no one expect it of me. And I must beg of you to grant me a fever/favor: - If I defend myself in my ②accustomed manner, and you hear me using the words which I have been in the habit of using in the agora, at the tables of the money-changers, or anywhere else, I would ask you not to be ③surprised, and not to interrupt me on this account. For I am more than seventy years of age, and appearing now for the first time in a court of law, I am quite a ④master to the language of the place; and therefore I would have you regard me ______________________, whom you would excuse if he spoke in his native tongue, and after the fashion/passion of his country: - Am I making an ⑤unfair request of you? Never mind the manner, which may or may not be good; but think only of the truth of my words, and give heed to that.