컴맹탈출과 영어정복

I want to preach this morning from the subject, "The Birth of a New Nation." And I would like to use as a basis for our thinking together a story that has long since been stenciled on the mental sheets of succeeding generations. It is the story of the Exodus, the story of the flight of the Hebrew people from the bondage of Egypt, through the wilderness, and finally to the Promised Land. It’s a beautiful story. I had the privilege the other night of seeing the story in movie terms in New York City, entitled "The Ten Commandments," and I came to see it in all of its beauty - the struggle of Moses, the struggle of his devoted followers as they sought to get out of Egypt. And they finally moved on to the wilderness and toward the Promised Land. This is something of the story of every people struggling for freedom. It is the first story of man’s explicit quest for freedom. And it demonstrates the stages that seem to inevitably follow the quest for freedom.

 본문해석+문법분석

I want to preach this morning from the subject, "The Birth of a New Nation." And I would like to use as a basis for our thinking together a story that has long since been stenciled on the mental sheets of succeeding generations.

- 저는 오늘 아침 “새로운 국가의 탄생”의 주제 하에 설교를 하고 싶습니다. 그리고 저는 우리가 함께 생각하는 토대로서 오랫동안 계속되는 세대의 정신판형 위에 등사되어 왔던 이야기를 활용하고 싶습니다.

- the subject와 "The Birth ~ Nation"은 동격 / use의 목적어는 a story = use a story ~ as a basis ~ / for[전치사]+our[소유격]+thinking[동명사] together[부사] 우리가 함께 생각하기 위해 / a story that[주격 관계대명사] has long since[오래 전부터] been stenciled on[현재완료 계속: ~ 위에 등사되어 왔던]

- preach [priːtʃ] vi. 전도하다. 설교하다. / subject [sʌ́bdʒikt] n. 국민, 신하, 주제, 학과, 과목. / stencil [sténsil] vt.  ~에 스텐실[형판]을 대고 찍다; 등사하다.

It is the story of the Exodus, the story of the flight of the Hebrew people from the bondage of Egypt, through the wilderness, and finally to the Promised Land.

- 이것은 이집트의 속박으로부터 유대인들이 황야를 통과하여 마침내 약속의 땅으로 탈출하는 출애굽기에 관한 이야기입니다.

- the flight ~ from A[the bondage of Egypt], through B ~, to C[the Promised Land] : A로부터 B를 통과하여 C에 이르는 탈출

- exodus [éksədəs] n. 집단적 (대)이동[이주]; (the E-) 이스라엘 국민의 이집트 탈출; (E-) 〖성서〗 출애굽기(구약성서 중의 한 편; 略: Ex., Exod.). / flight n. U C 도주, 탈출 / Hebrew [híːbruː] n. 유대인. / bondage [bɑ́ndidʒ / bɔ́nd-] n. U 농노[노예]의 신분, 속박 / wilderness [wíldəːrnis] n. 황야, 황무지

It’s a beautiful story. I had the privilege the other night of seeing the story in movie terms in New York City, entitled "The Ten Commandments," and I came to see it in all of its beauty - the struggle of Moses, the struggle of his devoted followers as they sought to get out of Egypt.

- 이것은 아름다운 이야기입니다. 저는 뉴욕에서 본 영화대사에서 “십계”에 관한 이야기를 요전 밤에 볼 은혜를 받았고 모세와 그의 추종자들이 이집트를 탈출할 때 그들의 고투에 관한 모든 아름다움 알 수 있게 되었습니다.

- the other night[요전 밤에] / had the privilege (the other night) of seeing the story[그 이야기를 볼 은혜를 받았다] / the story와 "The Ten Commandments" 동격 / I came to[became 가 되었다] to see it[The Ten Commandments] / as[접속사=when ~할 때] / sought to[seek to 과거형: ~ 추구하다]

- privilege [prívəlidʒ] n. U,C ① 특권, (특별한) 은혜 / commandment [kəmǽndmənt] n. 율법, [cf.] Ten Commandments. / Moses [móuziz, -zis] n. 〖성서〗 모세(헤브라이의 지도자·입법자) / struggle [strʌ́g-əl] n. 노력, 싸움, 투쟁. / †devoted [divóutid] a. 충실한, 헌신적인, 헌신하(고 있)는(to)

And they finally moved on to the wilderness and toward the Promised Land. This is something of the story of every people struggling for freedom. It is the first story of man’s explicit quest for freedom. And it demonstrates the stages that seem to inevitably follow the quest for freedom.

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- 그들은 마침내 황야로 나가 약속의 땅으로 진군했습니다. 이 이야기는 자유를 갈망하는 모든 사람들에 관한 어떤 이야기입니다. 이것은 인간의 자유의 분명한 추구의 첫 번째 이야기입니다. 그리고 이것은 자유의 추구에 분명히 뒤따를 것 같은 무대를 보여주고 있습니다.

- explicit [iksplísit] a. 뚜렷(이 말)한, 명백한, 명시된. [opp] implicit / quest [kwest] n. 탐색(search), 탐구(hunt), 추구(pursuit)(for). / demonstrate [démənstrèit] vt. 증명하다, 논증하다, (모형·실험에 의해) 설명하다; (기술을) 시범 교수하다. / inevitably [inévitəbli] ad. 불가피 하게, 필연적으로

동의어/반의어

- inevitable a. destined[déstind], fated[féitid]운명의, inescapable[ìniskéipəbəl]불가피한, ant.  avoidable[əvɔ́idəl]

- struggle v. contend[kənténd]다투다, grapple[grǽpəl]붙잡다, 파악하다, 격투하다, tussle[tʌ́s-əl], vie[vai], strive[straiv], toil[tɔil], work[wəːrk]  n.  battle[bǽtl], encounter[enkáuntər], strain[strein], trial[trái-əl]  ant.  succumb[səkʌ́m]굴복하다,

 Prior to March the sixth, 1957, there existed a country known as the Gold Coast. This country was a colony of the British Empire. This country was situated in that vast continent known as Africa. I’m sure you know a great deal about Africa, that continent with some two hundred million people and it extends and covers a great deal of territory. There are many familiar names associated with Africa that you would probably remember, and there are some countries in Africa that many people never realize. For instance, Egypt is in Africa. And there is that vast area of North Africa with Egypt and Ethiopia, with Tunisia and Algeria and Morocco and Libya. Then you might move to South Africa and you think of that extensive territory known as the Union of South Africa. There is that capital city Johannesburg that you read so much about these days. Then there is central Africa with places like Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo. And then there is East Africa with places like Kenya and Tanganyika, and places like Uganda and other very powerful countries right there. And then you move over to West Africa, where you find the French West Africa and Nigeria, and Liberia and Sierra Leone and places like that. And it is in this spot, in this section of Africa, that we find the Gold Coast, there in West Africa.

 본문해석+문법분석

 Prior to March the sixth, 1957, there existed a country known as the Gold Coast. This country was a colony of the British Empire.

- 1957년 3월 6일 전, 골드 코스트로 알려진 한 국가가 존재했습니다. 이 국가는 영국제국의 식민지였습니다.

- prior to[=before] / there[유도부사: 도치문] + 동사[existed] + 주어[a country] (which was) known as[~로써 알려진]

- colony [kɑ́ləni] n.  식민지

This country was situated in that vast continent known as Africa. I’m sure you know a great deal about Africa, that continent with some two hundred million people and it extends and covers a great deal of territory.

- 이 나라는 아프리카로서 알려진 그 거대한 대륙에 위치해 있었습니다. 여러분들은 약 2억 인구를 갖고 있는 아프리카 대륙과 이 대륙이 아주 큰 대륙으로 확장하고 있다는 것을 알고 있다고 저는 확신합니다.

- I'm sure (that)[~을 확신하다] / know a great deal about[~에 관해 많은 것을 알다] / it[=Africa] extends and covers[~로 확장하고 덮고 있다]

- situate [sítʃuèit] vt. ~의 위치를 정하다. / vast [væst, vɑːst] a. 광대한, 거대한 / continent [kɑ́ntənənt] n. 대륙, 육지. 본토. / extend [iksténd] vt. 연장하다, 늘이다, 연기하다. 확대하다. (세력 따위를) 펴다, 미치다.

There are many familiar names associated with Africa that you would probably remember, and there are some countries in Africa that many people never realize. For instance, Egypt is in Africa. And there is that vast area of North Africa with Egypt and Ethiopia, with Tunisia and Algeria and Morocco and Libya.

- 여러분들이 아마도 기억할 아프리카와 연관된 많은 익숙한 이름들이 있고, 많은 사람들이 결코 깨닫지 못하는 몇몇 국가들도 있습니다. 예를 들어, 이집트는 아프리카에 있습니다. 그리고 거대한 북아프리카에는 이집트, 에티오피아, 튀니지, 알제리, 모로코 그리고 리비아가 있습니다.

- many familiar names (which are) associated with / you would[가정법: ~일 것이다] / that[지시부사: 그] vast area[거대한 지역]

- associate [əsóuʃièit] vt. 연합시키다(join, unite)(with). 연상하다, 관련시키다(with). 

Then you might move to South Africa and you think of that extensive territory known as the Union of South Africa. There is that capital city Johannesburg that you read so much about these days. Then there is central Africa with places like Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo.

- 그 다음 여러분들은 남아프리카로 이동합니다. 그리고 여러분들은 남아프리카 연합으로 알려진 광활한 대륙에 관해 생각합니다. 여러분들이 요즈음 너무나 많이 읽고 있는 그 수도인 요하네스버그가 있습니다. 그 다음 로디지아와 벨기에 콩고와 같은 나라가 있는 중앙아프리카가 있습니다.

- you might[가능성: ~일지 모른다] move to[~로 이동하다] / that capital ~ that you read so much about[의 목적어는 that capital city Johannesburg] / places like[전치사: ~와 같은]

- extensive [iksténsiv] a. 광대한, 광범위하게 미치는, 해박한. / territory [térətɔ̀ːri]n. U,C (영해를 포함한) 영토, 영지 / union [júːnjən] n. ① U 결합(combination), 병합, 융합 ② U 단결, 화합. ③ C 조합, 동맹 / Rhodesia [roudíːʒiə] n. 로디지아(아프리카 남부의 중앙부 지역; 북로디지아의 잠비아(Zambia) 공화국 및 남로디지아의 짐바브웨 공화국으로 나뉨).

And then there is East Africa with places like Kenya and Tanganyika, and places like Uganda and other very powerful countries right there. And then you move over to West Africa, where you find the French West Africa and Nigeria, and Liberia and Sierra Leone and places like that. And it is in this spot, in this section of Africa, that we find the Gold Coast, there in West Africa.

- 그리하여 케냐, 탕가니카, 우간다 그리고 다른 아주 강력한 국가들이 동아프리카에 있습니다. 그리고 여러분들은 서아프리카로 이동합니다. 그곳에서 여러분들은 프랑스 서아프리카와 나이지리아, 그리고 라이베리아 그리고 시에라 레온 그리고 그와 같은 나라들을 알게 됩니다. 그리고 우리가 서아프리카에 그곳에 골드 코스트를 찾게 되는 곳은 바로 이 지역, 아프리카의 이 구간입니다.

- move over to[~으로 이동하다] / West African, where[계속적인 용법: 그 곳에서] / [강조용법]it is in this sport, ~ that we find[우리가 ~ 발견하는 것은 바로 이 지점이다]

- spot [spɑt] n. ① 반점(speck), 점, 얼룩(stain). ② (도덕상의) 오점(blemish), (인격의) 흠(flaw), 결점, 오명(on, upon). ③ 장소 / section [sékʃ-ən]n. ① U,C 절단. ② 구분, 구획; 구역, 구간

동의어/반의어

- vast a. enormous[inɔ́ːrməs], immense[iméns], roomy[rú(ː)mi], spacious[spéiʃəs]  ant.  small[smɔːl], limited[límitid]

- spot n. blotch[blɑtʃ], speck[spek], speckle[spék-əl]작은 반점, 얼룩, locality[loukǽləti]위치, 장소, place[pleis] v.  dot[dɑt], fleck[flek], spatter[spǽtəːr]뿌리다, 퍼붓다, splatter[splǽtəːr], tarnish[tɑ́ːrniʃ]흐리게 하다, 손상시키다, locate[lóukeit]

 You also know that for years and for centuries, Africa has been one of the most exploited continents in the history of the world. It’s been the "Dark Continent." It’s been the continent that has suffered all of the pain and the affliction that could be mustered up by other nations. And it is that continent which has experienced slavery, which has experienced all of the lowest standards that we can think about, and it's been brought into being by the exploitation inflicted upon it by other nations. And this country, the Gold Coast, was a part of this extensive continent known as Africa. It’s a little country there in West Africa about ninety-one thousand miles in area, with a population of about five million people, a little more than four and a half million. And it stands there with its capital city, Accra. For years the Gold Coast was exploited and dominated and trampled over. The first European settlers came in there about 1444, the Portuguese, and they started legitimate trade with the people in the Gold Coast. They started dealing with them with their gold, and in turn they gave them guns and ammunition and gunpowder and that type of thing. Well, pretty soon America was discovered a few years later in the fourteen hundreds, and then the British West Indies. And all of these growing discoveries brought about the slave trade. You remember it started in America in 1619.

 본문해석+문법분석

You also know that for years and for centuries, Africa has been one of the most exploited continents in the history of the world. It’s been the "Dark Continent."

- 여러분들은 또한 수 년 그리고 수 세기 동안, 아프리카는 세계의 역사에서 가장 착취당한 대륙 중 하나로 알고 있습니다. 아프리카는 “암흑대륙”되었습니다.

- for + 숫자[~동안] / Africa has been[현재완료 경험] / one of 복수명사[~중에 하나] / It's[has] been[현재완료 결과]

- exploit [iksplɔ́it] vt. ① 개발[개척]하다, 활용하다. ② (남의 노동력 등을) 착취하다.

It’s been the continent that has suffered all of the pain and the affliction that could be mustered up by other nations. And it is that continent which has experienced slavery, which has experienced all of the lowest standards that we can think about, and it's been brought into being by the exploitation inflicted upon it by other nations.

- 다른 국가들에 의해 집중된 것 같은 모든 고통과 불행을 격어 왔던 대륙입니다. 그리고 노예생활을 경험했고, 우리가 생각할 수 있는 최저 생활을 경험하고 있는, 다른 국가들에 의해 범한 착취로 탄생된 대륙입니다.

- [강조용법] it's been the continent that[~한 바로 그 대륙이 되었다] / And [강조용법]it is (the continent) that[~한 대륙이다] / bring ~ into being[~을 출현시키다] / it[=the continent] has been brought into being[~에 의해 탄생되었다] / the exploitation inflicted upon it[=the continent] by other nations[다른 국가들이 그 대륙에 가한 착취]

- †affliction [əflíkʃən] n. ① U 고통, 고뇌, 고생(misery) ② C 병 ③ C 재해(calamity), 불행; 역경. / †muster [mʌ́stəːr]v. 집합시키다, 소집하다. / ‡inflict [inflíkt] vt. ∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ① (타격·상처·고통 따위를) 주다, 입히다, 가하다(on). ② (형벌 따위를) 과하다(on).

And this country, the Gold Coast, was a part of this extensive continent known as Africa. It’s a little country there in West Africa about ninety-one thousand miles in area, with a population of about five million people, a little more than four and a half million.

- 그리고 이 나라, 골드 코스트는 아프리카로서 알려진 이 광활한 대륙의 일부입니다. 이 나라는 영토범위는 약 91,000마일, 4백 5십만 약간 이상의, 약 5백만 인구의 서아프리카의 작은 나라입니다.

- a part of[~의 일부 지역] / continent (which is) known as[~로서 알려진] / It[=the Gold Coast] is a little country / million people과 a little more ~ 는 동격

- ‡extensive [iksténsiv] a. ① 광대한, 넓은. ② 광범위하게 미치는; 다방면에 걸치는, (지식 따위가) 해박한.

 And it stands there with its capital city, Accra. For years the Gold Coast was exploited and dominated and trampled over. The first European settlers came in there about 1444, the Portuguese, and they started legitimate trade with the people in the Gold Coast.

- 그리고 이 나라의 수도는 아크라입니다. 수 년 동안 골드 코스트는 착취당했고 지배당했으면 유린당했습니다. 첫 번째 유럽 정착민들은 약 1444년에 온 포르투갈인 이었고 그들은 골드 코스트 주민들과 합법적인 무역을 시작했습니다.

- it stands[=is located] / the first European settlers[=the Portuguese]

- Accra [əkrɑ́ː, ǽkrə] n. 아크라(가나의 수도). / ‡trample [trǽmp-əl] (감정 따위를) 짓밟다, 무시하다, (사용인 등을) 유린하다.

 They started dealing with them with their gold, and in turn they gave them guns and ammunition and gunpowder and that type of thing. Well, pretty soon America was discovered a few years later in the fourteen hundreds, and then the British West Indies. And all of these growing discoveries brought about the slave trade. You remember it started in America in 1619.

- 그들은 그들의 금으로 거래를 시작하여, 차례로 그들에게 총과 무기 그리고 화약과 같은 것들을 주었습니다. 음, 곧 미국대륙이 몇 년이 지난 1400년대에 발견되었고, 그 후 영국 서인도제고가 발견되었습니다. 그리고 모든 이러한 차차 증가하는 발견은 노예제도를 잉태시켰습니다. 여러분도 기억하시죠. 노예제도는 1619년에 미국에서 시작되었던 것을.

- started dealing with them[=people in the Gold Coast와 거래를 시작했다] / in turn[차례로] / they[the Portuguese] gave ~ / that type of thing[그러한 종류의 물건들] / America[미 대륙] / brought about[~을 일어나게 했다]

- ammunition [æ̀mjuníʃən]n. 탄약; 무기. / gunpowder [-́pàudər] n. U (흑색) 화약.

동의어/반의어

- affliction n.  adversity[ædvə́ːrsəti], hardship[hɑ́ːrdʃìp], torment[tɔ́ːrment], tribulation[trìbjəléiʃ-ən], infirmity[infə́ːrməti]  ant.  blessing[blésiŋ]

And there was a big scramble for power in Africa. With the growth of the slave trade, there came into Africa, into the Gold Coast in particular, not only the Portuguese but also the Swedes and the Danes and the Dutch and the British. And all of these nations competed with each other to win the power of the Gold Coast so that they could exploit these people for commercial reasons and sell them into slavery.

 본문해석+문법분석

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Finally, in 1850, Britain won out, and she gained possession of the total territorial expansion of the Gold Coast. From 1850 to 1957, March sixth, the Gold Coast was a colony of the British Empire. And as a colony she suffered all of the injustices, all of the exploitation, all of the humiliation that comes as a result of colonialism. But like all slavery, like all domination, like all exploitation, it came to the point that the people got tired of it.

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And that seems to be the long story of history. There seems to be a throbbing desire, there seems to be an internal desire for freedom within the soul of every man. And it’s there -- it might not break forth in the beginning, but eventually it breaks out Men realize that freedom is something basic, and to rob a man of his freedom is to take from him the essential basis of his manhood. To take from him his freedom is to rob him of something of God’s image. To paraphrase the words of Shakespeare’s Othello: Who steals my purse steals trash; ‘tis something, nothing; twas mine, ‘tis his, has been the slave of thousands; but he who filches from me my freedom robs me of that which not enriches him, but makes me poor indeed.

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There is something in the soul that cries out for freedom. There is something deep down within the very soul of man that reaches out for Canaan. Men cannot be satisfied with Egypt. They tried to adjust to it for awhile. Many men have vested interests in Egypt, and they are slow to leave. Egypt makes it profitable to them; some people profit by Egypt. The vast majority, the masses of people never profit by Egypt, and they are never content with it. And eventually they rise up and begin to cry out for Canaan’s land.

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And so these people got tired. It had a long history. As far back as 1844, the chiefs themselves of the Gold Coast rose up and came together and revolted against the British Empire and the other powers that were in existence at that time dominating the Gold Coast. They revolted, saying that they wanted to govern themselves. But these powers clamped down on them, and the British said that we will not let you go.

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About 1909, a young man was born on the twelfth of September. History didn’t know at that time what that young man had in his mind. His mother and father, illiterate, not a part of the powerful tribal life of Africa, not chiefs at all, but humble people. And that boy grew up. He went to school at Achimota for a while in Africa, and then he finished there with honors and decided to work his way to America. And he landed to America one day with about fifty dollars in his pocket in terms of pounds, getting ready to get an education. And he went down to Pennsylvania, to Lincoln University. He started studying there, and he started reading the great insights of the philosophers, he started reading the great insights of the ages. And he finished there and took his theological degree there and preached awhile around Philadelphia and other areas as he was in the country. And went over to the University of Pennsylvania and took up a masters there in philosophy and sociology. All the years that he stood in America, he was poor, he had to work hard. He says in his autobiography how he worked as a bellhop in hotels, as a dishwasher, and during the summer how he worked as a waiter trying to struggle through school.
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"I want to go back home. I want to go back to West Africa, the land of my people, my native land There is some work to be done there." He got a ship and went to London and stopped for a while by London School of Economy and picked up another degree there. Then while in London, he started thinking about Pan-Africanism and the problem of how to free his people from colonialism. For as he said, he always realized that colonialism was made for domination and for exploitation. It was made to keep a certain group down and exploit that group economically for the advantage of another. He studied and thought about all of this, and one day he decided to go back to Africa.

He got to Africa and he was immediately elected the executive secretary of the United Party of the Gold Coast. And he worked hard, and he started getting a following. And the people in this party, the old, the people who had had their hands on the plow for a long time, thought he was pushing a little too fast, and they got a little jealous of his influence. and so finally he had to break from the United Party of the Gold Coast, and in 1949 he organized the Convention People’s Party. It was this party that started out working for the independence of the Gold Coast. He started out in a humble way, urging his people to unite for freedom and urging the officials of the British Empire to give them freedom. They were slow to respond, but the masses of people were with him, and they had united to become the most powerful and influential party that had ever been organized in that section of Africa.

He started writing. And his companions with him, and many of them started writing so much that the officials got afraid, and they put them in jail. And Nkrumah himself was finally placed in jail for several years because he was a seditious man, he was an agitator. He was imprisoned on the basis of sedition, and he was placed there to stay in prison for many years. But he had inspired some people outside of prison. They got together just a few months after he’d been in prison and elected him the prime minister while he was in prison. For awhile the British officials tried to keep him there, and Gbedemah says -- one of his close associates, the Minister of Finance, Mr. Gbedemah -- said that that night the people were getting ready to go down to the jail and get him out. But Gbedemah said, "This isn’t the way; we can’t do it like this. Violence will break out and we will defeat our purpose." But the British Empire saw that they had better let him out. And in a few hours Kwame Nkrumah was out of jail, the prime minister of the Gold Coast. He was placed there for fifteen years but he only served eight or nine months, and now he comes out the Prime Minister of the Gold Coast.

And this was the struggling that had been going on for years. It was now coming to the point that this little nation was moving toward its independence. Then came the continual agitation, the continual resistance, so that the British Empire saw that it could no longer rule the Gold Coast. And they agreed that on the sixth of March, 1957, they would release this nation. This nation would no longer be a colony of the British Empire, that this nation would be a sovereign nation within the British Commonwealth. All of this was because of the persistent protest, the continual agitation on the part of Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah and the other leaders who worked along with him and the masses of people who were willing to follow.

So that day finally came. It was a great day. The week ahead was a great week. They had been preparing for this day for many years, and now it was here. People coming in from all over the world. They had started getting in by the second of March. Seventy nations represented to come to say to this new nation: "We greet you, and we give you our moral support. We hope for you God’s guidance as you move now into the realm of independence." From America itself more than a hundred persons: the press, the diplomatic guests, and the prime minister’s guests. And oh, it was a beautiful experience to see some of the leading persons on the scene of civil rights in America on hand to say, "Greetings to you," as this new nation was born. Look over, to my right is Adam Powell, to my left is Charles Diggs, to my right again is Ralph Bunche. To the other side is Her Majesty’s First Minister of Jamaica, Manning, Ambassador Jones of Liberia. All of these people from America, Mordecai Johnson, Horace Mann Bond, all of these people just going over to say, "We want to greet you and we want you to know that you have our moral support as you grow." Then you look out and see the vice-president of the United States, you see A. Philip Randolph, you see all of the people who have stood in the forefront of the struggle for civil rights over the years, coming over to Africa to say, "We bid you Godspeed." This was a great day not only for Nkrumah, but for the whole of the Gold Coast.

Then came Tuesday, [March] the fifth, many events leading up to it. That night we walked into the closing of Parliament - the closing of the old Parliament, the old Parliament, which was presided over by the British Empire. The old Parliament which designated colonialism and imperialism. Now that Parliament is closing. That was a great sight and a great picture and a great scene. We sat there that night, just about five hundred able to get in there. People, thousands and thousands of people waiting outside, just about five hundred in there, and we were fortunate enough to be sitting there at that moment as guests of the prime minister. At that hour we noticed Prime Minister Nkrumah walking in with all of his ministers, with his justices of the Supreme Court of the Gold Coast, and with all of the people of the Convention People’s Party, the leaders of that party. Nkrumah came up to make his closing speech to the old Gold Coast. There was something old now passing away.

The thing that impressed me more than anything else that night was the fact that when Nkrumah walked in, and his other ministers who had been in prison with him, they didn’t come in with the crowns and all of the garments of kings, but they walked in with prison caps and the coats that they had lived with for all of the months that they had been in prison. Nkrumah stood up and made his closing speech to Parliament with the little cap that he wore in prison for several months and the coat that he wore in prison for several months, and all of his ministers round about him. That was a great hour. An old Parliament passing away.

And then at twelve o’clock that night we walked out. As we walked out we noticed all over the polo grounds almost a half-a-million people. They had waited for this hour and this moment for years. As we walked out of the door and looked at that beautiful building, we looked up to the top of it and there was a little flag that had been flowing around the sky for many years. It was the Union Jack flag of the Gold Coast, the British flag, you see. But at twelve o’clock that night we saw a little flag coming down, and another flag went up. The old Union Jack flag came down, and the new flag of Ghana went up. This was a new nation now, a new nation being born.

And when Prime Minister Nkrumah stood up before his people out in the polo ground and said, "We are no longer a British colony. We are a free, sovereign people," all over that vast throng of people we could see tears. And I stood there thinking about so many things. Before I knew it, I started weeping. I was crying for joy. And I knew about all of the struggles, and all of the pain, and all of the agony that these people had gone through for this moment.

After Nkrumah had made that final speech, it was about twelve-thirty now. And we walked away. And we could hear little children six years old and old people eighty and ninety years old walking the streets of Accra crying, "Freedom! Freedom!" They couldn’t say it in the sense that we’d say it -- many of them don’t speak English too well -- but they had their accents and it could ring out, "Free-doom!" They were crying it in a sense that they had never heard it before, and I could hear that old Negro spiritual once more crying out:

Free at last! Free at last!

Great God Almighty, I’m free at last!

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They were experiencing that in their very souls. And everywhere we turned, we could hear it ringing out from the housetops. We could hear it from every corner, every nook and crook of the community: "Freedom! Freedom!" This was the birth of a new nation. This was the breaking aloose from Egypt.

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Wednesday morning the official opening of Parliament was held. There again we were able to get on the inside. There Nkrumah made his new speech. And now the prime minister of the Gold Coast with no superior, with all of the power that MacMillan of England has, with all of the power that Nehru of India has -- now a free nation, now the prime minister of a sovereign nation. The Duchess of Kent walked in, the Duchess of Kent, who represented the Queen of England, no longer had authority now. She was just a passing visitor now. The night before, she was the official leader and spokesman for the Queen, thereby the power behind the throne of the Gold Coast. But now it’s Ghana. It’s a new nation now, and she’s just an official visitor like M. L. King and Ralph Bunche and Coretta King and everybody else, because this is a new nation. A new Ghana has come into being.
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And now Nkrumah stands the leader of that great nation. And when he drives out, the people standing around the streets of the city after Parliament is open, cry out: "All hail, Nkrumah!" The name of Nkrumah crowning around the whole city, everybody crying this name, because they knew he had suffered for them, he had sacrificed for them, he’d gone to jail for them. This was the birth of a new nation. This nation was now out of Egypt and had crossed the Red Sea.

Now it will confront its wilderness. Like any breaking aloose from Egypt, there is a wilderness ahead. There is a problem of adjustment. Nkrumah realizes that. There is always this wilderness standing before him. For instance, it’s a one-crop country, cocoa mainly. Sixty percent of the cocoa of the world comes from the Gold Coast, or from Ghana. And, in order to make the economic system more stable, it will be necessary to industrialize. Cocoa is too fluctuating to base a whole economy on that, so there is the necessity of industrializing. Nkrumah said to me that one of the first things that he will do is to work toward industrialization. And also he plans to work toward the whole problem of increasing the cultural standards of the community. Still ninety percent of the people are illiterate, and it is necessary to lift the whole cultural standard of the community in order to make it possible to stand up in the free world.

Yes, there is a wilderness ahead, though it is my hope that even people from America will go to Africa as immigrants, right there to the Gold Coast, and lend their technical assistance, for there is great need and there are rich opportunities there. Right now is the time that American Negroes can lend their technical assistance to a growing new nation. I was very happy to see already people who have moved in and making good. The son of the late president of Bennett College, Dr. Jones, is there, who started an insurance company and making good, going to the top. A doctor from Brooklyn, New York, had just come in that week and his wife is also a dentist, and they are living there now, going in there and working, and the people love them. There will be hundreds and thousands of people, I’m sure, going over to make for the growth of this new nation. And Nkrumah made it very clear to me that he would welcome any persons coming there as immigrants and to live there. Now don’t think that because they have five million people the nation can’t grow, that that’s a small nation to be overlooked. Never forget the fact that when America was born in 1776, when it received its independence from the British Empire, there were fewer, less than four million people in America, and today it’s more than a hundred and sixty million. So never underestimate a people because it’s small now. America was smaller than Ghana when it was born.

There is a great day ahead. The future is on its side. It’s going now through the wilderness, but the Promised Land is ahead.

And I want to take just a few more minutes as I close to say three or four things that this reminds us of and things that it says to us -- things that we must never forget as we ourselves find ourselves breaking aloose from an evil Egypt, trying to move through the wilderness toward the promised land of cultural integration. Ghana has something to say to us. It says to us first that the oppressor never voluntarily gives freedom to the oppressed. You have to work for it. And if Nkrumah and the people of the Gold Coast had not stood up persistently, revolting against the system, it would still be a colony of the British Empire. Freedom is never given to anybody, for the oppressor has you in domination because he plans to keep you there, and he never voluntarily gives it up. And that is where the strong resistance comes. Privileged classes never give up their privileges without strong resistance.

So don’t go out this morning with any illusions. Don’t go back into your homes and around Montgomery thinking that the Montgomery City Commission and that all of the forces in the leadership of the South will eventually work out this thing for Negroes, it’s going to work out; it’s going to roll in on the wheels of inevitability. If we wait for it to work itself out, it will never be worked out. Freedom only comes through persistent revolt, through persistent agitation, through persistently rising up against the system of evil. The bus protest is just the beginning. Buses are integrated in Montgomery, but that is just the beginning. And don’t sit down and do nothing now because the buses are integrated, because, if you stop now, we will be in the dungeons of segregation and discrimination for another hundred years, and our children and our children’s children will suffer all of the bondage that we have lived under for years. It never comes voluntarily. We’ve got to keep on keeping on in order to gain freedom. It never comes like that. It would be fortunate if the people in power had sense enough to go on and give up, but they don’t do it like that. It is not done voluntarily, but it is done through the pressure that comes about from people who are oppressed.

If there had not been a Gandhi in India with all of his noble followers, India would have never been free. If there had not been an Nkrumah and his followers in Ghana, Ghana would still be a British colony. If there had not been abolitionists in America, both Negro and white, we might still stand today in the dungeons of slavery. And then because there have been, in every period, there are always those people in every period of human history who don’t mind getting their necks cut off, who don’t mind being persecuted and discriminated and kicked about, because they know that freedom is never given out, but it comes through the persistent and the continual agitation and revolt on the part of those who are caught in the system. Ghana teaches us that.

It says to us another thing. It reminds us of the fact that a nation or a people can break aloose from oppression without violence. Nkrumah says in the first two pages of his autobiography, which was published on the sixth of March -- a great book which you ought to read -- he said that he had studied the social systems of social philosophers and he started studying the life of Gandhi and his techniques. And he said that in the beginning he could not see how they could ever get aloose from colonialism without armed revolt, without armies and ammunition, rising up. Then he says after he continued to study Gandhi and continued to study this technique, he came to see that the only way was through nonviolent positive action. And he called his program "positive action." And it’s a beautiful thing, isn’t it? That here is a nation that is now free, and it is free without rising up with arms and with ammunition. It is free through nonviolent means. Because of that the British Empire will not have the bitterness for Ghana that she has for China, so to speak. Because of that, when the British Empire leaves Ghana, she leaves with a different attitude than she would have left with if she had been driven out by armies. We’ve got to revolt in such a way that after revolt is over we can live with people as their brothers and their sisters. Our aim must never be to defeat them or humiliate them.

On the night of the State Ball, standing up talking with some people, Mordecai Johnson called my attention to the fact that Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah was there dancing with the Duchess of Kent. And I said, "Isn’t this something? Here is the once-serf, the once-slave, now dancing with the lord on an equal plane." And that is done because there is no bitterness. These two nations will be able to live together and work together because the breaking aloose was through nonviolence and not through violence.

The aftermath of nonviolence is the creation of the beloved community. The aftermath of nonviolence is redemption. The aftermath of nonviolence is reconciliation. The aftermath of violence however, are emptiness and bitterness. This is the thing I’m concerned about. Let us fight passionately and unrelentingly for the goals of justice and peace, but let’s be sure that our hands are clean in this struggle. Let us never fight with falsehood and violence and hate and malice, but always fight with love, so that, when the day comes that the walls of segregation have completely crumbled in Montgomery. that we will be able to live with people as their brothers and sisters.

Oh, my friends, our aim must be not to defeat Mr. Engelhardt, not to defeat Mr. Sellers and Mr. Gayle and Mr. Parks. Our aim must be to defeat the evil that’s in them. But our aim must be to win the friendship of Mr. Gayle and Mr. Sellers and Mr. Engelhardt. We must come to the point of seeing that our ultimate aim is to live with all men as brothers and sisters under God and not be their enemies or anything that goes with that type of relationship. And this is one thing that Ghana teaches us: that you can break aloose from evil through nonviolence, through a lack of bitterness. Nkrumah says in his book: "When I came out of prison, I was not bitter toward Britain. I came out merely with the determination to free my people from the colonialism and imperialism that had been inflicted upon them by the British. But I came out with no bitterness." And, because of that, this world will be a better place in which to live.

 There’s another thing that Ghana reminds us. I’m coming to the conclusion now. Ghana reminds us that freedom never comes on a silver platter. It’s never easy. Ghana reminds us that whenever you break out of Egypt, you better get ready for stiff backs. You better get ready for some homes to be bombed. You better get ready for some churches to be bombed. You better get ready for a lot of nasty things to be said about you, because you're getting out of Egypt, and, whenever you break a loose from Egypt, the initial response of the Egyptian is bitterness. It never comes with ease. It comes only through the hardness and persistence of life. Ghana reminds us of that. You better get ready to go to prison. When I looked out and saw the prime minister there with his prison cap on that night, that reminded me of that fact, that freedom never comes easy. It comes through hard labor and it comes through toil. It comes through hours of despair and disappointment.

That’s the way it goes. There is no crown without a cross. I wish we could get to Easter without going to Good Friday, but history tells us that we got to go by Good Friday before we can get to Easter. That’s the long story of freedom, isn’t it? Before you get to Canaan, you’ve got a Red Sea to confront. You have a hardened heart of a pharaoh to confront. You have the prodigious hilltops of evil in the wilderness to confront. And, even when you get up to the Promised Land, you have giants in the land. The beautiful thing about it is that there are a few people who’ve been over in the land. They have spied enough to say, "Even though the giants are there we can possess the land, because we got the internal fiber to stand up amid anything that we have to face."

The road to freedom is a difficult, hard road. It always makes for temporary setbacks. And those people who tell you today that there is more tension in Montgomery than there has ever been are telling you right. Whenever you get out of Egypt, you always confront a little tension, you always confront a little temporary setback. If you didn’t confront that you’d never get out. You must remember that the tensionless period that we like to think of was the period when the Negro was complacently adjusted to segregation, discrimination, insult, and exploitation. And the period of tension is the period when the Negro has decided to rise up and break aloose from that. And this is the peace that we are seeking: not an old negative obnoxious peace which is merely the absence of tension, but a positive, lasting peace, which is the presence of brotherhood and justice. And it is never brought about without this temporary period of tension. The road to freedom is difficult.

But finally Ghana tells us that the forces of the universe are on the side of justice. That’s what it tells us, now. You can interpret Ghana any kind of way you want to, but Ghana tells me that the forces of the universe are on the side of justice. That night when I saw that old flag coming down and the new flag coming up, I saw something else. That wasn’t just an Ephemeral, evanescent event appearing on the stage of history, but it was an event with eternal meaning, for it symbolizes something. That thing symbolized to me that an old order is passing away and a new order is coming into being. An old order of colonialism, of segregation, of discrimination is passing away now, and a new order of justice and freedom and goodwill is being born. That’s what it said: that somehow the forces of justice stand on the side of the universe, and that you can’t ultimately trample over God’s children and profit by it.

I want to come back to Montgomery now, but I must stop by London for a moment, for London reminds me of something. I never will forget the day we went into London. The next day we started moving around this great city, the only city in the world that is almost as large as New York City. Over eight million people in London, about eight million, three hundred thousand; New York about eight million, five hundred thousand. London larger in area than New York, though. Standing in London is an amazing picture. And I never will forget the experience I had, the thoughts that came to my mind. We went to Buckingham Palace, and I looked there at all of Britain, at all of the pomp and circumstance of royalty. And I thought about all of the queens and kings that had passed through here. Look at the beauty of the changing of the guards and all of the guards with their beautiful horses. It’s a beautiful sight. Move on from there and go over to Parliament. Move into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There with all of its beauty standing up before the world is one of the most beautiful sights in the world.

Then I remember, we went on over to Westminster Abbey. And I thought about several things when we went in this great church, this great cathedral, the center of the Church of England. We walked around and went to the tombs of the kings and queens buried there. Most of the kings and queens of England are buried right there in the Westminster Abbey. And I walked around. On the one hand I enjoyed and appreciated the great gothic architecture of that massive cathedral. I stood there in awe thinking about the greatness of God and man’s feeble attempt to reach up for God. And I thought something else - I thought about the Church of England.

My mind went back to Buckingham Palace, and I said that this is the symbol of a dying system. There was a day that the queens and kings of England could boast that the sun never sets on the British Empire, a day when she occupied the greater portion of Australia, the greater portion of Canada. There was a day when she ruled most of China, most of Africa, and all of India. I started thinking about this empire. I started thinking about the fact that she ruled over India one day. Mahatma Gandhi stood there at every hand, trying to get the freedom of his people, and they never bowed to it. They never, they decided that they were going to stand up and hold India in humiliation and in colonialism many, many years. I remember we passed by Ten Downing Street. That’s the place where the prime minister of England lives. And I remember that a few years ago a man lived there by the name of Winston Churchill. One day he stood up before the world and said, "I did not become his Majesty’s First Minister to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire." And I thought about the fact that a few weeks ago a man by the name of Anthony Eden lived there. And out of all of his knowledge of the Middle East, he decided to rise up and march his armies with the forces of Israel and France into Egypt, and there they confronted their doom, because they were revolting against world opinion. Egypt, a little country; Egypt, a country with no military power. They could have easily defeated Egypt, but they did not realize that they were fighting more than Egypt. They were attacking world opinion; they were fighting the whole Asian-African bloc, which is the bloc that now thinks and moves and determines the course of the history of the world.

I thought of many things. I thought of the fact that the British Empire exploited India. Think about it! A nation with four hundred million people and the British exploited them so much that out of a population of four hundred million, three hundred and fifty million made an annual income of less than fifty dollars a year. Twenty-five of that had to be used for taxes and the other things of life. I thought about dark Africa, and how the people there, if they can make a hundred dollars a year they are living very well, they think. Two shillings a day - one shilling is fourteen cents, two shillings, twenty-eight cents -- that’s a good wage. That’s because of the domination of the British Empire.

All of these things came to my mind, and when I stood there in Westminster Abbey with all of its beauty, and I thought about all of the beautiful hymns and anthems that the people would go in there to sing. And yet the Church of England never took a stand against this system. The Church of England sanctioned it The Church of England gave it moral stature. All of the exploitation perpetuated by the British Empire was sanctioned by the Church of England.

But something else came to my mind: God comes in the picture even when the Church won’t take a stand. God has injected a principle in this universe. God has said that all men must respect the dignity and worth of all human personality, "And if you don’t do that, I will take charge." It seems this morning that I can hear God speaking. I can hear him speaking throughout the universe, saying, "Be still and know that I am God. And if you don’t stop, if you don’t straighten up, if you don’t stop exploiting people, I’m going to rise up and break the backbone of your power. And your power will be no more!"

And the power of Great Britain is no more. I looked at France. I looked at Britain. And I thought about the Britain that could boast, "The sun never sets on our great Empire." And I said now she had gone to the level that the sun hardly rises on the British Empire -- because it was based on exploitation, because the God of the universe eventually takes a stand.

And I say to you this morning, my friends, rise up and know that, as you struggle for justice, you do not struggle alone, but God struggles with you. And He is working every day. Somehow I can look out, I can look out across the seas and across the universe, and cry out, "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored." Then I think about it, because His truth is marching on, and I can sing another chorus: "Hallelujah, glory hallelujah! His truth is marching on." Then I can hear Isaiah again, because it has profound meaning to me, that somehow, "Every valley shall be exalted, and every hill shall be made low; the crooked places shall be made straight, and the rough places plain; and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together."

That’s the beauty of this thing: all flesh shall see it together. Not some from the heights of Park Street and others from the dungeons of slum areas. Not some from the pinnacles of the British Empire and some from the dark deserts of Africa. Not some from inordinate, superfluous wealth and others from abject, deadening poverty. Not some white and not some black, not some yellow and not some brown, but all flesh shall see it together. They shall see it from Montgomery. They shall see it from New York. They shall see it from Ghana. They shall see it from China.

For I can look out and see a great number, as John saw, marching into the great eternity, because God is working in this world, and at this hour, and at this moment. And God grants that we will get on board and start marching with God, because we got orders now to break down the bondage and the walls of colonialism, exploitation, and imperialism, to break them down to the point that no man will trample over another man, but that all men will respect the dignity and worth of all human personality. And then we will be in Canaan’s freedom land.

Moses might not get to see Canaan, but his children will see it. He even got to the mountaintop enough to see it and that assured him that it was coming. But the beauty of the thing is that there’s always a Joshua to take up his work and take the children on in. And it’s there waiting with its milk and honey, and with all of the bountiful beauty that God has in store for His children. Oh, what exceedingly marvelous things God has in store for us. Grant that we will follow Him enough to gain them.

O God, our gracious Heavenly Father, help us to see the insights that come from this new nation. Help us to follow Thee and all of Thy creative works in this world, and that somehow we will discover that we are made to live together as brothers And that it will come in this generation: the day when all men will recognize the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Amen.

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MR. PRESIDENT: It is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth - and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those, who having eyes, see not, and having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.

 본문해석+문법분석

MR. PRESIDENT: _③It is natural to man _②to indulge in _①the illusions of hope. _①We _③are apt to shut our eyes _②against a painful truth - and _⑤listen to the song of that siren, _④till she transforms us into beasts.

- 대통령께: _①희망의 환상을 _②탐닉하는 것은 _③사람에겐 타고난 것입니다. _①우리는 _②고통스런 진실에 _③눈을 감기 쉬우며(외면하다) - _④그 요정이 우리를 짐승으로 바꿀 때까지 _⑤그녀의 소리에 몰두합니다.

- It[가주어] + be[is] + 형용사[natural] to[for] man[의미상의 주어] to indulge in[진주어] / shut our eyes[외면하다] / till[접속사: ~할 때까지] she[=siren 요정] / transform A[us] into B[beasts] : A를 B로 바꾸다.

- indulge [indʌ́ldʒ] vi. (취미·욕망 따위에) 탐닉하다(in) / illusion [ilúːʒən] U,C 환상, 망상; 잘못 생각함. / painful [péinfəl] a. 아픈, 괴로운.  / siren [sái-ərən] n. (S-) 〖그리스신화〗 사이렌(아름다운 노랫소리로 근처를 지나는 뱃사람을 유혹하여 파선시켰다는 바다의 요정). / transform [trænsfɔ́ːrm] vt. ① (외형) 변형시키다(into). ② 바꾸다(성질·기능·구조 등을); ┅을 다른 물질로 바꾸다.

Is _①this _④the part of wise men, _③engaged in _②a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are _①we _⑥disposed to be of the number of those, who _④having eyes, see not, and _⑤having ears, hear not, _③the things which so nearly concern _②their temporal salvation?

- _①이것이 _②자유를 위해 위대하고 끈질긴 투쟁에 _③몰두하고 있는 _④현자에게 포함되는 것일까요? _①우리는 _②그들의 일시적인 구제책에 _③거의 마음이 빼앗겨 _④눈이 있지만 보지 못하고, _⑤귀가 있으면서 듣지 못하는 _⑥사람들에 속하는 사람들일까요?

- the part of[~의 일부] / wise men, (who are) engaged in[~에 몰두하는 현인들] / to be of the number of those[~하는 사람에 속하게 되는] / see와 hear의 목적어는 the things / which[주격 관계대명사] so nearly concern[~에 너무나 관계되는, 마음을 빼앗기는]

- arduous [ɑ́ːrdʒuəs a. 분투적인, 끈기 있는, 끈질긴 / dispose [dispóuz] vt. (..할) 마음이 내키게 하다, ~하는 경향이 있다. / temporal [témp-ərəl] a. 일시적인(temporary) / salvation [sælvéiʃ-ən] n. U 구조, 구제; C 구조물, 구제자, 구조 수단.

_①For my part, _③whatever anguish of spirit _②it _④may cost, _⑤I _⑧am willing to know _⑥the whole truth; to know _⑦the worst, and _⑩to provide for _⑨it.

- _①저로서는, _②그것이 _③어떠한 정신적 고통의 _④대가를 치르더라도, _⑤저는 _⑥있는 그대로의 진실; _⑦최악의 것, _⑧기꺼이 알려할 것이고 _⑨그것을 _⑩기꺼이 준비할 것입니다.

- whatever[복합관계 대명사: 무엇이든] / it[=struggle for liberty] / be[am] willing to[기꺼이 ~하다] / (I am willing) to know the worst, and (I am willing) to provide for it[=the worst]

-  anguish 고통 / cost [kɔːst] v. (p., pp. cost; costing) ~의 비용이 들다. (노력·시간 따위가) 걸리다, 요하다; (귀중한 것을) 희생시키다. / provide [prəváid] vi. 준비하다, 대비하다(for; against).

동의어/반의어

- painful a. raw[rɔː]생살이 나온, 따끔한, sore[sɔːr], tender[téndəːr]만지면 아픈, 촉각이 예민한, excruciating[ikskrúːʃièitiŋ]몸씨 아픈,  throbbing[ɵrɑbiŋ]두근거리는, bitter[bítər], sorrowful[sɑ́roufəl]  ant.  painless[péinlis], enjoyable[endʒɔ́iəbəl]

- anguish n.  affliction[əflíkʃən], agony[ǽgəni], torment[tɔ́ːrment], anxiety[æŋzáiəti],  grief[griːf], misery[mízəri]  ant.  pleasure[pléʒər],  solace[sɑ́ləs / sɔ́l]위안, 즐거움

I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the house? Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation -- the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves longer.

 본문해석+문법분석

_①I _③have but one lamp _②by which my feet are guided; and _④that is the lamp of experience. _①I _④know of _②no way of judging of the future _③but by the past. And _①judging by the past, _②I _⑨wish to know _⑧what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry _⑦for the last ten years, _⑥to justify those hopes with which _③gentlemen _⑤have been pleased _④to solace themselves and the house?

- _①저는 _②제 길을 안내해줄 _③단 한 개의 등불만을 갖고 있습니다.; 그리고 _④그 등불은 경험의 등불입니다. _①저는 _②미래를 판단하는 방법은 모르나 ③단지 과거의 의해서는 판단하는 방법을 _④알고 있습니다. _①그 과거에 의해 판단하건데, _②저는 _③신사여러분들이 _④자신들과 가정을 위안 받는데 _⑤기뻐하고 있는 _⑥그런 희망을 증명하기 위해, _⑦지난 10년 동안 _⑧영국각의가 해왔던 행동이 무엇인지를 _⑨알고 싶습니다.

- I have but[부사=only 단지] one lamp by which[전치사+목적격 관계대명사] / my feet are guided (by one lamp) / that[지시대명사:=one lamp] / know of no way of[~할 방법을 전혀 모르다] / but[전치사:=except  ~이외의] / [독립 분사구문]judging by[from] the past[~로 판단하건데] / there has been (what)[~되어 왔던 것]= what there has been / to justify[to부정사의 목적: ~을 증명하기 위해] / gentlemen have ~ the house with those hopes[신사 여러분들이 그러한 희망으로 위안삼아 왔던]

- solace [sɑ́ləs ]vt. 위안[위로]하다. (고통·슬픔 따위를) 덜어 주다. vi. 위안이 되다. / justify [dʒʌ́stəfài] vt. (행위·주장 따위를) 옳다고 하다, 정당화하다(vindicate).

Is _①it _③that insidious smile with which _②our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. _⑦Ask _①yourselves _⑤how _②this gracious reception of our petition _⑥comports _④with those warlike preparations _③which cover our waters and darken our land.

- _①그것은 _②우리의 청원을 최근 받아들였던 _③그 교활한 미소일까요? 신사여러분, 믿지 마십시오.; 그것은 여러분의 발밑의 올가미로 입증될 것입니다. 여러분이 그 입맞춤으로 배반당해 고통을 받지 마세요. _①여러분 자신에게 _②우리의 탄원의 이 은근한 수용이 _③우리의 수로를 막고 대지를 어둡게 하는 _④그 호전적인 준비와 _⑤어떻게 _⑥일치하는지를 _⑦반문해 보세요.

- our petition has been lately received (with that insidious smile) = that insidious smile with which[전치사+관계대명사] our ~ / Trust it not = Don't trust it / Suffer not yourselves = Don't suffer yourselves / Ask A[yourselves] B[how ~ ] : A에게 B를 묻다 / how this ~ our land : 우리의 탄원을 은근히 받아들이면서 우리의 영토를 지배할 호전적인 전쟁준비와 어떻게 일치하는지

- insidious [insídiəs] a. 교활한, 방심할 수 없는(treacherous) / petition [pitíʃən] n. 탄원, 진정; (신에의) 기원. / snare [snɛəːr] n. ① 덫, 올가미. ② (사람이 빠지기 쉬운) 유혹. / betray [bitréi] vt. 배반[배신]하다. / gracious [gréiʃəs] a. (아랫사람에게)친절한, 정중한, 은근한. / comport [kəmpɔ́ːrt] vi. 일치하다, 어울리다, 적합하다(with).

Are _①fleets and armies _③necessary to _②a work of love and reconciliation? Have _①we _⑤shown ourselves _②so unwilling to be reconciled that _④force must be called in _③to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. _①These _③are the implements of war and subjugation - _②the last arguments to which kings resort.

- _①함대와 군이 _②사랑과 화해의 행위에 _③필요한가요? _①우리는 _②화해가 싫어 _③우리의 사랑을 도로 가져가도록 _④무력이 동원되어야만 한다는 _⑤우리 자신을 본적이 있나요? 신사 여러분, 자신을 기만하지 맙시다. _①이러한 것들은 - _②왕들이 의지하는 최후의 주장으로 - _③전쟁과 정복의 수단입니다.

- work[가산명사: 행위] / Have we shown ourselves[현재완료 경험: 우리 스스로 본적이 있나요?] / so 형용사[unwilling] ~ that[절] / force must be called[무력이 동원되어만 하다] / to win back out love[우리의 사랑을 도로 가져가기 위해서] / These[=fleets and armies=force 무력] / kings resort to[~에 의지하다] the last arguments = the last arguments to which kings resort

- reconciliation [rèkənsìliéiʃ-ən] n. U 화해; 복종, 단념; 조화 / unwilling [ʌnwíliŋ] a. 내키지 않는, 마지못해 하는 / deceive [disíːv] vt. 속이다, 기만하다, 현혹시키다. / implement [ímpləmənt] n. 수단, 방법(means). / subjugation 정복

_③I _⑥ask _④gentlemen, sir, _⑤what means this martial array, _①if its purpose _②be not to force us to submission? Can _①gentlemen _④assign _③any other possible motive _②for it? _③Has Great Britain any enemy _②in this quarter of the world, _①to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none.

- _①만일 군대배치가 _②우리로 하여금 복종하게 하는 의도가 아니라면, _③저는 _④신사여러분께 _⑤이 군대배치가 의미하는 것은 무엇일까 _⑥묻고 있습니다. _①신사여러분들은 _②그것에 _③다른 가능한 동기가 있다고 _④생각하시나요? _①군사력의 집중을 요구할 만큼 _②세계의 이 지역에서 _③영국이 어떠한 적을 갖고 있나요? 절대로 그렇지 않습니다.

- ask A[gentlemen] B[what means ~] : A에게 B를 묻다 / [가정법 현재: 현재 사실의 반대]if its purpose be[is] ~ / motive for it[=this martial array] / to call for[to 부정사의 목적: ~을 요구할 만큼]

- martial [mɑ́ːrʃ-əl] a. 전쟁의, 용감한, 군인다운 / array [əréi] n. U 정렬, 배진(配陣), 군세(의 정비). / submission [səbmíʃən] n. 복종; 항복 / assign [əsáin] vt. ① 할당하다, 배당하다(allot)(to). ② (임무·일 따위를) 부여하다, 주다. / accumulation [əkjùːmjəléiʃən] n. U 집적, 축적 /

They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. _①They _⑤are sent over _④to bind and rivet upon us _③those chains which _②the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years.

- 그들[군사력]은 우리에게 의미합니다.: 군사력은 다른 것이 아닐 수 있습니다. _①군사력은 _②영국내각이 너무나 오랫동안 불리고 있는 _③쇠사슬로 _④우리를 묶고 못을 박으려고 _⑤보냈습니다. 그리고 우리가 그것들을 반대하기 위해 무엇을 갖고 있나요? 우리는 논쟁을 벌여야 할까요? 신사여러분, 우리는 지난 10년 동안 그것을 시험해 보고 있습니다.

- They[=navies and armies] are sent over[보내지다, 파견되다] to bind[묶기 위해서] and rivet upon us those chains[우리 머리위에 못을 박기 위해] / what have we to ~? = what do we have to oppose ~? / oppose to[전치사: ~을 반대하다] / Shall we[상대의 의사, 결정을 물음: ~할까요]

- rivet [rívit] vt. [못을] 박다 / forge [fɔːrdʒ] vt. ① (쇠를) 불리다; 단조(鍛造)하다. ② (말·거짓말 따위를) 꾸며내다.

Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. _①We _④have held the subject up _③in every light of which _②it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves longer.

- 우리는 그 문제에 대해 제안할 새로운 무언가를 갖고 있나요? 전혀 없습니다. _①우리는 _②가능한 _③모든 것에 비추어 _④그 문제를 지연시켜 왔습니다. 그러나 그것은 헛된 것이었습니다. 우리는 애원과 비굴한 탄원에 의지해야만 할까요? 설마 고갈되지도 않은 조건을 벌써 찾아야 할까요? 저는 여러분들에게 우리 자신들을 더 이상 속이지 말자고 간청 드립니다.

- (We have nothing new to offer)Nothing / We have held the subject up[현재완료 계속: 지체시켜왔다] / in every light[모든 것을 비추어] / it is capable (of light) / already[부정문에서: 설마 벌써] / not ~ longer[더 이상 ~ 않는]

- entreaty [entríti] n. U,C 애원, 탄원, 간청. / humble [hʌ́mbəl] a.  (-bler; -blest)비천한, 변변찮은; 작은. / supplication [sʌ̀pləkéiʃən] n. U 탄원, 애원(to; for); U,C 기원. / beseech [bisíːtʃ] (p., pp. besought [-sɔ́ːt], ∼ed) vt. 간절히 원하다, 탄원하다(for). 구하다.

동의어/반의어

- martial  a.  military[mílitèri], aggressive[ǝgrésiv], bellicose[bélikòus], belligerent[bǝlídʒərǝnt], threatening, warlike  ant.  civic[sívik], peaceful[píːsfǝl]

- solace  n.  comfort[kʌ́mfǝrt], consolation[kὰnsǝléiʃən], reassurance, relief[rilíːf]  v.  calm[kɑːm], cheer[tʃiǝr], soothe[suːð]  ant.  distress[distrés], upset[ʌpsét]

Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned -- we have remonstrated - we have supplicated - we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne. In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free -- if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending -- if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained -- we must fight! -- I repeat it, sir, we must fight!! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts, is all that is left us!

 본문해석+문법분석

Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned - we have remonstrated - we have supplicated - we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament.

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- avert [əvə́ːrt] vt. 비키다(from). ② (타격·위험을) 피하다, 막다. / petition [pitíʃən] vt. ~에 청원[탄원, 진정, 신청]하다. / remonstrate [rimɑ́nstreit] vi. 『항의하다, 질책하다(against); 충고하다, 간언하다(expostulate). vt. ┅을 항의하다(that). / prostrate [prɑ́streit] vt. ① 넘어뜨리다, 뒤엎다. ② 굴복시키다. / throne [ɵroun]n. 왕좌, 옥좌. 제권, 왕권; 군주. / implore [implɔ́ːr] vt. (~을) 애원[탄원]하다; (아무에게) 애원하다. / interposition [ìntərpəzíʃən] n. U 개재(의 위치); 중재, 개입, 방해 / †tyrannical, -nic [tirǽnik-əl] a. 폭군의, 전제적인

Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne. In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation.

- 

- 

- slight [slait] vt. 경멸[경시]하다, 얕보다; 무시하다(disregard) / violence [váiələns] n. 폭력, 폭행. / insult [ínsʌlt] n. 모욕, 무례(to) / disregard [dìsrigɑ́ːrd] vt. 무시하다, 경시하다(ignore). / spurn [spəːrn] vt. 경멸하다./ contempt [kəntémpt] n. U 경멸, 모욕(for). / indulge [indʌ́ldʒ] vt. ① (욕망·정열 따위를) 만족시키다. 제멋대로 하게 두다.

There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free - if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending - if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained - we must fight! - I repeat it, sir, we must fight!! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts, is all that is left us!

- 

- 

- preserve [prizə́ːrv] vt. 보존하다. / inviolate [inváiəlit] a. 손상되지 않은, 신성한. / contend [kənténd] vi. 다투다, 경쟁하다. 주장[옹호]하다(for). / basely 천하게, 비열하게 / abandon [əbǽndən] vt. 버리다, 버려두다. ② (계획·습관 등을) 단념하다. / pledge [pledʒ] vt. ① 서약[약속]하다. / appeal [əpíːl] n. U,C 간청, 간원.

동의어/반의어

- 

Following the failed invasion of  Russia and defeat by the Allies

Soldiers of my Old Guard:

I bid you farewell. For twenty years I have constantly accompanied you on the road to honor and glory. In these latter times, as in the days of our prosperity, you have invariably been models of courage and fidelity. With men such as you our cause could not be lost; but the war would have been interminable; it would have been civil war, and that would have entailed deeper misfortunes on France. 
I have sacrificed all of my interests to those of the country. 
I go, but you, my friends, will continue to serve France. Her happiness was my only thought. It will still be the object of my wishes. Do not regret my fate; if I have consented to survive, it is to serve your glory. I intend to write the history of the great achievements we have performed together. Adieu, my friends. Would I could press you all to my heart.

[본문분석] Following the failed invasion of  Russia and defeat by the Allies

- 러시아 침공 실패와 연합군에 퇴패한 후 / following(=after ~이후)

Soldiers of my Old Guard:

- 나의 근위대 병사들이여

I bid you farewell.

- 저는 여러분에 작별을 고합고자 합니다.

- bid A(사람) B(인사) : A에게 B를 말하다

For twenty years I have constantly accompanied you on the road to honor and glory.

- 20년 동안, 저는 명예와 영광의 길을 여러분과 항상 계속해 왔습니다.

- for(전치사: ~동안), during(전치사: 때를 나타내는 명사가 온다. ex) during life 일생동안) / have accompanied(현재완료 계속용법, ~와 동반하다) / constantly(부사로 accompanied 동사를 수식) / you(목적어) / on the road(전치사구: 길 위에, 여정에) / to(=forward ~로 향하는)

In these latter times, as in the days of our prosperity, you have invariably been models of courage and fidelity.

- 우리 번영의 시대와 같은 요즈음, 장병 여러분들은 변치 않은 용기와 충성심의 전형이 되어 왔습니다.

- latter(late의 비교급, 이후의, 요즈음의) / times(=ages, days 시대) / as(전치사: ~같은) / prosperity[prɑspérəti] 번영 / ‡invariably [invɛ́əriəbli] ad. 변함 없이, 일정 불변하게; 항상, 반드시. / have been(현재완료의 결과로 해석) / ⁂model [mɑ́dl / mɔ́dl]n.① 모형, 본. ② (밀랍·찰흙 등으로 만든) 원형. ③ 모범, 본보기. / of courage(of+명사=형용사구 courageous) / of fidelity(of+명사=형용사구)

With men such as you our cause could not be lost; but the war would have been interminable; it would have been civil war, and that would have entailed deeper misfortunes on France. 

- 여러분과 같은 병사들과 함께 우리의 대의는 잃을 수가 없었습니다; 그러나 전쟁은 지루했던 것 같았습니다; 전쟁은 내전인 것 같았습니다, 그리고 그것은 조국 프랑스에 더더욱 깊은 불행을 수반한 것 같았습니다.

- with(더불어) / such as(~처럼) / could(can의 과거형) / be lost(수동태: ~을 잃다) / would have been(과거를 추측: ~였던 것 같다) / †interminable [intə́ːrmənəbəl] a. 끝없는; 지루하게 긴 / civil war(내전) / †entail [entéil] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (필연적 결과로서) 일으키다,, 남기다, 수반하다. / deeper(deep의 비교급: 더욱 깊은) / entail A on B : A를 B에 남기다

- interminable a. ceaseless[síːslis], constant[kɑ́nstənt], endless[éndlis], incessant[insésənt], never ending, unending[ʌnéndiŋ], boring[bɔ́ːriŋ], monotonous[mənɑ́tənəs], overlong[óuvərlɔ́ː́ːŋ], tedious[tíːdiəs]  ant.  brief[briːf], interesting[íntəristiŋ]
I have sacrificed all of my interests to those of the country. 

- 저는 모든 저의 이해관계를 조국에 바쳤습니다.

- have sacrificed(현재완료: 결과) / all of + 복수명사 / sacrifice A to B : A를 B에 바치다 / those(=my interests)

- sacrifice n. oblation[ɑbléiʃən], offering[ɔ́(ː)fəriŋ], tribute[tríbjuːt], concession[kənséʃən], renunciation[rinʌ̀nsiéiʃ-ən], loss[lɔ(ː)s], reduction[ridʌ́kʃ-ən] v. immolate[íməlèit] 희생으로 바치다, forego[fɔːrgóu], forfeit[fɔ́ːrfit] 상실하다, 몰수되다, relinquish[rilíŋkwiʃ], renounce[rináuns] ant.  acquisition[æ̀kwəzíʃən], gain[gein] withhold[wiðhóuld]
I go, but you, my friends, will continue to serve France.

- 저는 떠납니다. 저의 동료인 여러분들은 계속해서 조국 프랑스에 봉사를 할 것입니다.

- go(=leave 떠나다) / you, my friends(동격) / continue to do(계속해서 ~하다) / serve(봉사하다)

Her happiness was my only thought. It will still be the object of my wishes.

- 조국의 행복은 저의 유일한 생각이었습니다. 그것은 앞으로도 여전히 저의 소망의 목표일 것입니다.

- her(=France 국가는 여성명사) / only(유일한) / it(=her happiness) / still(부사: 여전히, 변함없이) / object(목표, 목적)

Do not regret my fate; if I have consented to survive, it is to serve your glory. I intend to write the history of the great achievements we have performed together.

- 저의 운명을 유감스러워 하지 마세요; 만일 제가 생존한다면, 그것은 여러분의 영광에 기여하는 것이 될 것입니다. 저는 우리가 함께 쌓아온 위대한 업적의 역사를 쓰고 싶습니다.

- [명령문] do not regret(후회하다) my fate(운명); if(가정법: 만일 ~라면) / consent to (~에 동의하다) / survive(생존하다) / it(=my survival) / is to(be to의 용법의 예정: ~ 일 것이다) / intend to(~할 의도이다, ~하고 싶다) / achievements (that 목적격 관계대명사 생략) we have performed(목적어는 achievements)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[동의어/반의어]

- consent[kənsént] 동의하다 v. approve of [əprúːv], assent[əsént], concur[kənkə́ːr], permit[pəːrmít], sanction[sǽŋkʃən] n.  acquiescence[æ̀kwiésəns], agreement[əgríːmənt], concurrence[kənkə́ːrəns], approval[əprúːvəl], authorization[ɔ̀ːɵərizéiʃən], permission[pəːrmíʃən]  ant.  refuse[rifjúːz], refusal[rifjúːz-əl] rejection[ridʒékʃ-ən]

- perform[pərfɔ́ːrm] v. play[plei], dramatize[drǽmətàiz], impersonate[impə́ːrsənèit],  portray[pɔːrtréi], render[réndəːr], accomplish[əkɑ́mpliʃ], achieve[ətʃíːv], effect[ifékt], execute[éksikjùːt], finish[fíniʃ], fulfill[fulfíl], realize[ríːəlàiz] ant.  fail[feil]  attempt[ətémpt]

Adieu, my friends. Would I could press you all to my heart.

- 안녕히 계십시오. 제 친구 여러분. 제가 여러분 모두를 제 가슴에 꼭 안아 봤으면 좋을 텐데!

- ♣Would that ┅ ! ┅면 좋을 텐데(절 안은 과거형·과거완료형): Would that I could make money so easily! 그렇게 수월히 돈을 벌 수 있다면 좋을 텐데[좋으련만](=I wish I could make ┅) / Would it were so [true]. 그렇다면[정말이라면] 좋을 텐데.

Following the failed invasion of  Russia and defeat by the Allies

               Ⓐ            

I bid you ①farewell. During/For twenty years I have constantly accompanied you on the road to honor and glory. In these latter times, as in the days of our prosperity, you have invariably been ②models of courage and fidelity. With men such as you our cause could not be lost; but the war would have been ③interminable; it would have been civil war, and that would have entailed deeper ④misfortunes on France. 
I have sacrificed all of my interests to those of the country. 
I go, but you, my friends, will continue to serve France. Her/His happiness was my only thought. It will still be the object/objection of my wishes. Do not ⑤expect my fate; if I have consented to survive, it is to serve your glory. I intend to write the history of the great achievements we have performed together. Adieu, my friends.                   Ⓑ                        .

Less than three months ago at platform hearings in Salt Lake City, I asked the Republican Party to lift the shroud of silence which has been draped over the issue of HIV and AIDS. I have come tonight to bring our silence to an end. I bear a message of challenge, not self-congratulation. I want your attention, not your applause.

 본문해석+문법분석

①Less than three months ago ②at platform hearings in Salt Lake City, ③I ⑦asked ④the Republican Party ⑥to lift the shroud of silence ⑤which has been draped over the issue of HIV and AIDS.

- ①거의 3개월 전 ②소트 레이크 시티에서의 정강 청문회에서 ③저는 ④공화당에게 ⑤HIV와 AIDS　문제를 가리고 있는 ⑥침묵의 장막을 걷어 달라고 ⑦요청하였습니다.

- less than[~거의, almost] / at[장소: ~에서] / I asked A[the A[the Republican Party] to B[life] : A에게 B하도록 요청하다 / the shroud of silence which[주격 관계대명사: 선행사는 the shroud] has been draped[현재완료 수동태 계속] draped over[~을 덮고 있는]

- platform [plǽtfɔ̀ːrm] n. 정강 선언(후보자 지명 대회에서의) / shroud [ʃraud] n. 덮개, 가리개, 장막(veil). / †drape [dreip] vt. 싸다(enfold)(in) / HIV human immunodeficiency virus(인류 면역 결핍 바이러스; AIDS 바이러스). / AIDS [eidz] n. 에이즈, 후천성 면역 결핍증. [acquired immunodeficiency [immune deficiency] syndrome]

①I ③have come tonight ②to bring our silence to an end. ①I ③bear ②a message of challenge, not self-congratulation. ①I ③want ②your attention, not your applause.

- ①저는 ②우리의 침묵을 끝내기 위해 ③오늘밤 (이곳에) 왔습니다. ①저는 ②자축이 아닌 도전의 메시지를 ③품고 있습니다. ①저는 ②여러분들의 박수갈채가 아닌 배려를 ③원합니다.

- I have come (here) tonight[현재완료: 결과] / bring A[our silence] to an end[=finish] / bear[마음속에 품다]

- challenge [tʃǽlindʒ] n. 도전, 결투의 신청. / self-congratulation [sélfkəngræ̀tʃuléiʃən] n. 자축, 혼자 좋아함. / attention [əténʃən] n. ① 주의, 주의력. ② 배려, 고려; 손질; 돌봄. / applause [əplɔ́ːz] n. U 박수갈채; 칭찬.

동의어/반의어

- shroud n.  blanket[blǽŋkit], cloak[klouk], cerement[síərmənt]수의, graveclothes[gréivklòuðz]  v.  clothe[klouð]~에게 옷을 주다, 덮다, swathe[sweið]싸다, 붕대로 감다, veil[veil]베일로 가리다, 숨기다, wrap[ræp]포장하다

- challenge n.  demand[dimǽnd], summons[sʌ́mənz]소환, 소집, difficulty[dífikʌ̀lti], trial[trái-əl]  v.  confront[kənfrʌ́nt], contest[kɑ́ntest], dare[dɛər], defy[difái], impute[impjúːt], question[kwéstʃən], tax[tæks]과세하다, 비난하다, try[trai]  ant. accept[æksépt]

I would never have asked to be HIV positive, but I believe that in all things there is a purpose; and I stand before you and before the nation gladly. The reality of AIDS is brutally clear. Two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying. A million more are infected. Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years. But despite science and research, White House meetings, and congressional hearings, despite good intentions and bold initiatives, campaign slogans, and hopeful promises, it is, despite it all, the epidemic which is winning tonight.

 본문해석+문법분석

①I ③would never have asked ②to be HIV positive, ①but I ④believe that ②in all things ③there is a purpose; and I ⑦stand ⑤before you and before the nation ⑥gladly.

- ①저는 ②HIV양성이 되고자 ③요청한 적은 결코 없었을 것입니다. ①그러나 저는 ②모든 것에는 ③목적이 있다고 ④믿으며 ⑤여러분들과 국민들 앞에 ⑥기꺼이 ⑦서 있습니다.

- would have + p.p[(과거의 의지·주장·고집·거절) (흔히 부정문에서) ~하려고[하고자] 했다, (기어코) ~하려고 했다] / before[전치사: ~앞에]

- purpose [pə́ːrpəs] n. 목적(aim), 결심, 결의 / gladly [glǽdli] ad. 즐거이, 기꺼이.

The reality of AIDS is brutally clear. Two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying. A million more are infected. Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years.

- AIDS의 현실은 잔인하도록 분명합니다. 20만 미국인들이 죽거나 죽어가고 있습니다. 백만 이상이 감염되었습니다. 전 세계적으로 4백만, 6백만 또는 천만 감염자들이 다음 몇 년 동안 늘어나게 될 것입니다.

- A million more[백만 이상의 사람들] are infected[수동태: 감염되었다] / worldwide[부사: 전 세계적으로] / will be counted[포함될 것이다] / in the coming few years[앞으로 몇 년 안에]

- brutally [brúːtləli] ad. 난폭하게. / infect [infékt] vt. ―vt. ┅에 감염시키다; ┅에 병균을 전염시키다. / count [kaunt] vt. 셈에 넣다, 포함시키다(in; among).

But ④despite ①science and research, ②White House meetings, and ③congressional hearings, ⑦despite ⑤good intentions and bold initiatives, ⑥campaign slogans, and hopeful promises, it is, ⑧despite it all, ⑩the epidemic ⑨which is winning tonight.

- ①과학과 연구, ②백악관 회의, ③하원의원 청문회의도 ④불구하고, ⑤선의의 목적과 용감한 발의, ⑥선거 표어, 그리고 희망적인 약속에도 ⑦불구하고, ⑧이 모든 것에도 불구하고, ⑨오늘밤 승리는 ⑩바로 그 전염병인 에이즈입니다.

- despite[양보 구: ~임에도 불구하고] / [강조용법] it is the epidemic which[that] is

- intention [inténʃən] n. 의향, 목적 / initiative [in˝́iʃətiv] n. U 솔선; 주도 / hopeful [hóupfəl] a. 전망이 밝은. / epidemic [èpədémik] n. 전염병 / winning [wíniŋ] a. 매력적인.

동의어/반의어

- brutally a.  cruel[krúːəl], harsh[hɑːrʃ], ruthless[rúːɵlis], unmerciful[ʌnmə́ːrsifəl] ant.  humane[hjuːméin]

- epidemic a. extensive[iksténsiv]광범위한, 넓은, prevalent[prévələnt], rampant[rǽmpənt]사나운, 만연하는, widespread[wáidspréd]  n.  disease[dizíːz], outbreak[áutbrèik]폭동, 발발, 창궐, pestilence[péstələns], increase[inkríː, rise], upswing

In the context of an election year, I ask you, here in this great hall, or listening in the quiet of your home, to recognize that AIDS virus is not a political creature. It does not care whether you are Democrat or Republican; it does not ask whether you are black or white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old.

 본문해석+문법분석

①In the context of an election year, ②I ⑧ask ④you, ③here in this great hall, or ⑤listening in the quiet of your home, ⑦to recognize ⑥that AIDS virus is not a political creature.

- ①선거가 있는 년도의 상황에서, ②저는 ③이 큰 전당 이곳에 계신, ④여러분들이나, ⑤가정에서 편히 듣고 있는 분들에게 ⑥AIDS바이러스는 정치적 산물이 아니라는 것을 ⑦깨닫고 있는지를 ⑧묻고 있습니다.

- I ask A[you, (who are here in ~), or (who are listening ~)] to B[recognize ~] : A에게 B를 묻다.

- context [kɑ́ntekst] n. (글의) 전후 관계, 문맥, (사건 등에 대한) 배경 / recognize [rékəgnàiz] vt. 인지하다. (공로 따위를) 인정하다, 감사하다. / creature [kríːtʃər] n. (신의) 창조물, 피조물. (시대의) 산물

③It does not care ②whether ①you are Democrat or Republican; ⑨it does not ask ⑧whether ④you are black or white, ⑤male or female, ⑥gay or straight, ⑦young or old.

- ①여러분들이 민주당원이든 공화당원②이든 ③중요치 않습니다.; ④여러분들이 흑인이나 백인이든, ⑤남성이든 여성이든, ⑥동성애자이든 아니든, ⑦젊은이든 노인⑧이든 ⑨중요치 않습니다.

- it does not care whether[=if ~이든 아니든 중요치 않다]

- gay [gei] n. (구어) 동성애자, 게이 / straight [streit] n. 동성애자가 아닌 사람

동의어/반의어

- context n.  background[bǽkgràund], circumstances[sə́ːrkəmstæ̀ns], framework[fréimwə̀ːrk]뼈대, 구성, 체계, setting[sétiŋ]

- recognize v.  identify[aidéntəfài], place[pleis], recall[rikɔ́ːl], recollect[rèkəlékt]회상하다, acknowledge[æknɑ́lidʒ], admit[ædmít], appreciate[əpríːʃièit], comprehend[kɑ̀mprihénd], understand[ʌ̀ndərstǽnd]  ant.  forget[fərgét],  deny[dinái]

Tonight, I represent an AIDS community whose members have been reluctantly drafted from every segment of American society. Though I am white and a mother, I am one with a black infant struggling with tubes in a Philadelphia hospital. Though I am female and contracted this disease in marriage and enjoy the warm support of my family, I am one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle from the cold wind of his family's rejection.

 본문해석+문법분석

①Tonight, ②I ⑥represent ⑤an AIDS community whose members ④have been reluctantly drafted ③from every segment of American society.

- ①오늘밤 ②저는 ③미국 사회의 모든 분야에서 ④마지못해 뽑힌 ⑤AIDS 공동체 회원들을 ⑥대표합니다.

- whose[소유격 관계대명사] members[AIDS 공동체 회원들]

- represent [rèprizént] vt. 대표하다. / reluctant [rilʌ́ktənt] a. 마음 내키지 않는(unwilling), 마지못해하는(to do). / draft [dræftt] vt. 선발하다; (어떤 임무를 위해) 특파하다. / segment [ségmənt] n. 단편, 부분

①Though ②I am white and a mother, ③I ⑥am one with a black infant ⑤struggling with tubes ④in a Philadelphia hospital.

- ①비록 ②제가 백인이자 한 어머니라 할지라도, ③저는 ④한 필라델피아 병원에서 ⑤산소 호흡기를 달고 안간힘을 쓰고 있는 ⑥한 흑인 유아를 갖고 있는 여성입니다.

- I am one[=a woman] / a black infant (who is) struggling with tubes[튜브(관)을 달고 안간힘을 쓰고 있는 한 흑인 유아]

- infant [ínfənt] n. (7세 미만의) 유아 / struggle [strʌ́g-əl] vi. 버둥[허우적]거리다. 

①Though ②I am female and ③contracted this disease in marriage and ④enjoy the warm support of my family, ⑤I ⑧am one with the lonely gay man ⑦sheltering a flickering candle ⑥from the cold wind of his family's rejection.

- ①비록 ②제가 여성이자 ③혼인 시 이 질병에 감염되어 ④제 가족의 따스한 도움을 누리고 있을지라도, ⑤저는 ⑥가족의 냉대로부터 ⑦깜박이는 촛불을(마지막 생명이) 꺼지지 않게 안간힘을 쓰고 있는 ⑧외로운 남성 동성애자와 함께하는 여성입니다.

-  Though[양보절: 비록 ~일지라도] / I am one[=female] / the lonely gay man (who is) sheltering A[a flickering ~] B[the cold ~] : A를 B로부터 보호하고 있는 그 외로운 남성 동성애자

- contract [kəntrǽkt] vt. 계약하다. (약혼·친교를) 맺다. (병에) 걸리다; (빚을) 지다. / shelter [ʃéltəːr] vt. 숨기다(shield) / flicker [flíkər] vi. 깜박이다, 흔들리다.

동의어/반의어

- reluctant a. averse[əvə́ːrs]싫어하는, 반대하는, disinclined[dìsinkláind], loath[louɵ], diffident[dífidənt]자신 없는, 내성적인, irresolute[irézəlùːt]결단력 없는, 망설이는  ant.  eager[íːgər], enthusiastic[enɵùːziǽstik]

- shelter n.  housing[háuziŋ], lodging[lɑ́dʒiŋ], quarters[kwɔ́ːrtər], haven[héivən]피난처, 안식처, sanctuary[sǽŋktʃuèri]성역, 은신처  v.  guard[gɑːrd], shield[ʃiːld] , conceal[kənsíːl]숨기다, hide[haid]  ant.  expose[ikspóuz],  reveal[rivíːl]

This is not a distant threat. It is a present danger. The rate of infection is increasing fastest among women and children. Largely unknown a decade ago, AIDS is the third leading killer of young adult Americans today. But it won't be third for long, because unlike other diseases, this one travels. Adolescents don't give each other cancer or heart disease because they believe they are in love, but HIV is different, and we have helped it along. We have killed each other with our ignorance, our prejudice, and our silence. We may take refuge in our stereotypes, but we cannot hide there long, because HIV asks only one thing of those it attacks. Are you human? And this is the right question. Are you human? Because people with HIV have not entered some alien state of being. They are human. They have not earned cruelty, and they do not deserve meanness. They don't benefit from being isolated or treated as outcasts. Each of them is exactly what God made: a person; not evil, deserving of our judgment; not victims, longing for our pity — people, ready for support and worthy of compassion. My call to you, my Party, is to take a public stand, no less compassionate than that of the President and Mrs. Bush. They have embraced me and my family in memorable ways. In the place of judgment, they have shown affection. In difficult moments, they have raised our spirits. In the darkest hours, I have seen them reaching not only to me, but also to my parents, armed with that stunning grief and special grace that comes only to parents who have themselves leaned too long over the bedside of a dying child.

 본문해석+문법분석

This is not a distant threat. It is a present danger. _①The rate of infection _④is increasing _③fastest _②among women and children.

- 이것은 먼 위협이 아닙니다. 이것은 현재의 위협입니다. _①감염률은 _②여성들과 아이들 사이에서 _③가장 빠르게 _④증가하고 있습니다.

- This[=AIDS] / It[=AIDS] / is increasing fastest[최상급 부사로 동사인 increasing을 수식: 가장 빠르게]

- threat [ɵret] n. 위협, 우려(of), 징조. / infection [infékʃən] n. 전염[cf.] contagion

_①Largely unknown a decade ago, _②AIDS _⑤is the third leading killer _④of young adult Americans _③today. _⑥But it _⑧won't be third _⑦for long, _⑨because unlike other diseases, _⑩this one travels.

- _①10년 전엔 거의 알려지지 않았던, _②AIDS는 _③오늘날 _④젊은 성인 미국인들의 _⑤세 번째 주된 사망원인입니다. _⑥그러나 그것은 _⑦머지않아 _⑧순위가 바뀔 것입니다. _⑨왜냐하면 다른 질병과 달리, _⑩이 질병은 전염되기 때문입니다.

- (While it was) Largely unknown / unlike[전치사: ~와 달리] / this one[=this disease=AIDS]

- leading [líːdiŋ] a. 지도적인, 탁월한, 주요한 / travel [trǽv-əl] vi. 이동하다, 나아가다.

_①Adolescents _⑤don't give _③each other _④cancer or heart disease _②because they believe they are in love, _⑥but HIV is different, and _⑦we have helped it along. _⑧We _⑫have killed each other with _⑨our ignorance, _⑩our prejudice, _⑪and our silence.

- _①젊은이들은 _②서로를 사랑한다고 믿기 때문에 _③서로에게 _④암이나 심장병을 _⑤주지 않는다고 생각합니다. _⑥그러나 HIV는 다릅니다. 그리고 _⑦우리는 그 질병을 전염시키고 있습니다. _⑧우리는 _⑨우리의 무지, _⑩편견, _⑪그리고 침묵으로 _⑫서로를 죽이고 있습니다.

- give A[each other] B[cancer ~ disease] A에게 B를 주다 / we have helped[현재완료 계속] it[=HIV] along [forward] 도와서 나아가게 하다, 촉진하다. / we have killed[현재완료 계속]

- adolescent [æ̀dəlésənt] n. 청년, 젊은이 / ignorance [ígnərəns] n. 무지 / prejudice [prédʒudis] n.  U,C 편견, 선입관 / silence [sáiləns] n. U 침묵

_①We _③may take refuge _②in our stereotypes, _④but we _⑥cannot hide there _⑤long, _⑦because HIV _⑩asks _⑨only one thing of _⑧those it attacks.

- _①우리는 _②우리의 고정 관렴 속에서 _③침묵을 지키고 있는 것 같습니다. _④그러나 우리는 _⑤오랫동안 _⑥그곳에 숨어 있을 수 없습니다. _⑦왜냐하면 HIV는 _⑧자신이 공격하는 사람들에게 _⑨단지 한 개만을 _⑩물어 보기 때문입니다.

- we cannot hide there[=refuge] (for) long[오랫동안] / asks A[only one thing] of B[those] : B에게 A를 묻다 / those (that/whom/whom) it attacks

- take refuge in [at] ⑴ ~에 피난하다: take refuge in silence (상대하지 않고) 침묵을 지키다. / stereotype [stériətàip] n. (비유) 고정 관념, 판에 박힌 문구 / asks A[only one thing] of B[those] : B[사람]에게 A를 물어 보다.

Are you human? And this is the right question. Are you human? _①Because people with HIV _③have not entered _②some alien state of being.

- 당신은 사람이죠? 그리고 이것이 그 정확한 질문입니다. 당신은 사람인가요? _①왜냐하면 HIV를 갖고 있는 사람들은 _②사람이 아닌 존재 안으로 _③들어가지 안키 때문입니다.

- people with HIV[HIV 보균자] / some alien state of being[어떤 이질적 상태의 존재=사람이 아닌 존재]

- alien [éiljən, -liən] a. 외국의(foreign); 외국인의, 성질이 다른(from).

They are human. They have not earned cruelty, and they do not deserve meanness. They don't benefit from being isolated or treated as outcasts.

- 그들은 인간입니다. 그들은 잔인하지도 않고 그들은 비열한 사람도 아닙니다. 그들은 고립되거나 부랑자로서 취급받는 것으로부터 이익도 없습니다.

- They[=people with HIV] / They have not earned[현재완료 경험] / They don't benefit from[~로부터 이득을 얻지 못하다] / from being isolated or (from being) treated as outcasts

- cruelty [krúːəlti] n. U 무자비함, 잔인한 행위 / deserve [dizə́ːrv] vt. ~할 만하다, 받을 가치가 있다, ~할 가치가 있다. / meanness [míːnnis] n. U,C 천함, 천한 행위. / benefit [bénəfit] vt. ~에게 이롭다. vi. 이익을 얻다(by; from). / isolated 고립시키다 / outcast [áutkæ̀st] n. 추방당한 사람, 부랑자.

Each of them is exactly what God made: a person; not evil, deserving of our judgment; not victims, longing for our pity — people, ready for support and worthy of compassion.

- 그들 개개인들도 똑같이 신이 창조한 사람들입니다. ; 우리의 판단을 받을 만한 악인도 아니며; 우리의 동정을 바라는 희생자들도 아닙니다. - 즉, 도움을 받을 준비가 되어 있고 동정심을 베풀 가치가 있는 사람들입니다.

- Each of 복수명사[them] + 단수동사[is] / not evil, (who are) deserving  ~ / not victims, (who are) longing for ~ / people, (who are) ready for support and (who are) worthy of compassion

- compassion [kəmpǽʃən] n. U 불쌍히 여김, (깊은) 동정(심)sympathy

_①My call to you, my Party, _④is to take a public stand, _③no less compassionate than _②that of the President and Mrs. Bush. _⑤They _⑧have embraced _⑦me and my family _⑥in memorable ways.

- _①제가 여러분, 제 당에게 요청하고자 하는 것은 _②대통령 부부의 동정심 _③못지않은 동정심으로, _④공개적인 자세를 취해 달라는 것입니다(마음을 열어 달라는 것입니다). _⑤그들은 _⑥잊지 못할 여러 방법으로 _⑦저와 제 가족을 _⑧포옹해주고 있습니다.

- call to[~에게 요구, 부탁] / is to[be to의 용법: (의무, 강제) ~하는 것이다] / They have embraced[현재완료 계속]

- no less ~ than ~못지않게, ~와 같이[마찬가지로] ~ : He is no ∼ clever than his elder brother. 그는 형만큼 영리하다. / compassionate [kəmpǽʃənit] a. 자비로운, 동정심이 있는; 정상을 참작한, 온정적인 / embrace [imbréis] vt. 얼싸안다, 껴안다(hug), 포옹하다.

_①In the place of judgment, _②they have shown affection. In difficult moments, they have raised our spirits. _①In the darkest hours, _②I _④have seen _③them reaching not only to me, _⑧but also to my parents, _⑦armed with that stunning grief and special grace that comes only to parents _⑥who have themselves leaned too long _⑤over the bedside of a dying child.

- _①판단하건데, _②그들은 사랑을 보여주고 있습니다. 어려운 순간에, 그들은 우리의 기분을 고취시켜 줍니다. _①가장 암울한 시간에, _②저는 _③그들이 저에게 손을 뻗치고 있는 것을 _④보고 있을 뿐만 아니라, _⑤한 죽어가는 아이의 침대 곁에서 _⑥너무나 오래 동안 기대어온 부모님들에게만 오는 _⑦그 놀라운 비통과 특별한 품위로 무장한 _⑧저의 부모님에게도 손을 뻗치고 있는 것을 보고 있습니다.

- they have shown[현재완료 계속] / not only A[to me], but also B[my parents], (who are) armed with[~로 무장한, 준비된] / that[지시 부사: 그]

- affection [əfékʃən] n. U,C 애정, 호의(for; toward(s)) / spirit [spírit] n. 정신, (pl.) 기분(mood). / stunning [stʌ́niŋ] a. (구어) 근사한, 멋진, 굉장히 예쁜. / grief [griːf] n. U (깊은) 슬픔, 비탄, 비통 / grace n. 얌전함, 품위(delicacy, dignity, elegance).

동의어/반의어

- unknown  a. anonymous[ǝnάnǝmǝs], unidentified, unnamed, obscure[ǝbskjúǝr], uncelebrated, unrenowned, unaccustomed, unfamiliar, concealed[kǝnsíːl], hidden[hídn], withheld[wiðhóuld] n. conundrum[kǝnʌ́ndrǝm]수수께끼, enigma[inígmǝ], mystery[místəri], puzzle[pʌ́zl]  ant.  well-known, famous[féimǝs],  familiar[fǝmíljǝr]