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BODY LANGUAGE

Napoleon I's speech on the 1798 French invasion of Egypt


Soldiers, you are a wing of the army of England! You are masters of the modes of warfare appropriate to mountains, to plains, to sieges. Naval war remains to complete your experience.


본문해석+문법분석

- 병사들이여, 여러분은 영국군의 날개입니다. 여러분은 산악, 평야, 공성전에 적절한 전쟁 형태의 대가들입니다. 해전으로 여러분들의 경험을 완성하지 않으면 안 됩니다.

- warfare (which/that are) appropriate[~에 적합한] / remains + to complete[to부정사] ~하지 않으면 안 되다.

- ⁂master [mǽstəːr, mɑ́ːstəːr] n. 대가, 명수, 거장(expert); 대가의 작품; 정통한[환한] 사람; 달인(達人), 숙련자; 솜씨 좋은 장색. / ‡mode [moud]n. a) 양식, 형식; 나타내는 방식; 하는 식, 방법, 방식. [SYN.] ⇨ METHOD. b) (때로 the ∼) 유행(형), 모드. / ‡siege [siːdʒ] n. C,U ① 포위 공격, 공성(攻城), 포위 공격 기간. ② 끈덕진 권유[조름]; (병의) 끈덕진 계속, 끈질긴 병. ③ 많음(quantity). / ‡naval [néivəl] a. 해군의; 군함의; 해군력이 있는. / ⁂remain [riméin] vi. ① 『∼ / +전+명』 남다, 남아 있다; 없어지지 않고 있다(in; on; to; of); 살아남다. ② 『+전+명/ +부』 머무르다, 체류하다. [SYN.] ⇨ STAY. ③ 『+to do』 ┅하지 않고 남아 있다, 아직[금후] ┅하지 않으면 안 되다. / ‡complete [kəmplíːt] vt. ① 완성하다, 마무르다, (작품 따위를) 다 쓰다; 완결하다; (목적을) 달성하다.


동의어/반의어

- complete a. entire[entáiər], unabridged[ʌ̀nəbrídʒd]생략하지 않은 안은, 완전한, undivided [ʌ̀ndiváidid]분할하지 않은, whole[houl], absolute[ǽbsəlùt], comprehensive[kɑ̀mprihénsiv]포괄적인, entire[entáiər], radical[rǽdik-əl]근본적인, 과격한, 완전한, thorough[ɵə́ːrou], total[tóutl v.  achieve[ətʃíːv], execute[éksikjùːt], fulfill[fulfíl], perform[pərfɔ́ːrm], settle[sétl], conclude[kənklúːd]결론을 내리다, end[end], finish[fíniʃ], terminate[tə́ːrmənèit], complement[kɑ́mpləmènt]보충하다, crown[kraun]왕위에 앉히다, 성취하다, perfect[pə(ː)rfékt]  ant.  partial[pɑ́ːrʃəl], fail[feil], begin[bigín]


The Roman legions whom you have sometimes imitated, but not as yet equaled, fought Carthage successively upon this sea and upon the plains of Zama. Victory never forsook them, because they were constantly brave, patient of fatigue, well disciplined, resolute. But, soldiers, Europe has her eyes upon you! You have great destinies to fulfil, battles to fight, fatigues to surmount!


 본문해석+문법분석

- 여러분이 때때로 본받는 로마군단은, 아직 필적당한 적이 없지만, 이 바다와 잠베지강의 평야에서 계속해서 카르타고와 싸웠습니다. 승리는 결코 그들을 저버리지 않았습니다. 왜냐하면 그늘은 늘 용감했고, 피로를 인내했고, 잘 훈련되었고, 결연했기 때문입니다. 그러나, 병사들이여! 유럽은 여러분을 눈여겨보고 있습니다! 여러분들은 성취할 위대한 운명과 싸울 전투와 극복할 피로를 가지고 있습니다.


- whom[목적격 관계대명사] you have sometimes imitated (the Roman legions) / ♣as yet 아직(까지), 이제껏 / but (they were) not as yet equaled[아직 필적당한 적이 없지만] / The Roman legions[주어] + fought[동사] / brave, patient ~, well ~, (and) resolute / , (and) fatigues


- ‡imitate [ímitèit] vt. 모방하다, 흉내 내다; 따르다, 본받다. / ‡equal [íːkwəl] vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 ┅과 같다; ┅에 필적하다, ┅에 못지않다. / Carthage [kɑ́ːrɵidʒ] n. 카르타고(아프리카 북부의 고대 도시 국가; 146 B.C.에 멸망). / ‡successive [səksésiv] a. 잇따른, 연면한, 계속되는, 연속하는; 상속[계승]의. / Zambezi [zæmbíːzi] n. (the ∼ ) 잠베지강(남아프리카에서 인도양으로 흐르는 강). / ‡forsake [fəːrséik] vt.  (-sook [-súk]; -saken [-séikən]). ① (벗 따위를) 버리고 돌보지 않다(desert), 내버리다. ② (습관·신앙 따위를) 버리다(give up), 떠나다, 포기하다. [SYN.] ⇨ ABANDON. / ‡constantly [kɑ́nstəntli / kɔ́n-] ad. 변함없이; 항상; 끊임없이; 빈번히. / ‡patient [péiʃənt] a. (┅에) 견딜 수 있는(of). / ‡fatigue [fətíːg] n. U 피로, 피곤. / ‡discipline [dísəplin] vt. 훈련[단련]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ TEACH. / †resolute [rézəlùːt] a. ① 굳게 결심한, 결연한(determined). ② 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 훈계[징계]하다, 징벌하다. / ♣have an [one's] eyes on ⑴ ┅을 감시하다. ⑵ ┅을 눈여겨보다, 원하고 있다. / ‡destiny [déstəni] n. ① U,C 운명, 숙명; 운. ② U (D-) 하늘, 신(神)[하느님]의 뜻(Providence) / †surmount [sərmáunt] vt. (산에) 오르다; 완전히 오르다, 타고 넘다; (곤란 등을) 이겨내다; 극복하다; 헤어나다


동의어/반의어

- successive a. consecutive[kənsékjətiv], ensuing[ensúːiŋ], succeeding[səksíːdiŋ]

- forsake v. abandon[əbǽndən], cast off[kæst ɔːf], desert[dizə́ːrt], leave[liːv], abdicate[ǽbdikèit], resign[rizáin], vacate[véikeit], abjure[æbdʒúər], relinquish[rilíŋkwiʃ], renounce[rináuns], surrender[səréndər]  ant. retain[ritéin], usurp[juːsə́ːr]빼앗다, 찬탈하다.

- fatigue n. exhaustion[igzɔ́ːstʃən], languor[lǽŋgəːr], lassitude[lǽsitjùːd], tiredness[taiəːrdnis]  v.  drain[drein], exhaust[igzɔ́ːst], tire[taiəːr], weary[wí-əri]  ant.  energy[énərdʒi], refresh[rifréʃ]

- resolute a. decided[disáidid], deliberate[dilíbərit], determined[ditə́ːrmind], intent[intént], resolved[rizɑ́lvd], dogged[dɔ́(ː)gid], persevering[pə̀ːrsəvíəriŋ], persistent[pəːrsístənt], plodding[plɑ́diŋ], relentless[riléntlis], steady[stédi], brave[breiv], courageous[kəréidʒəs], fearless[fíərlis], valiant[vǽljənt]  ant.  wavering[wéivəːriŋ], vacillating[vǽsəlèitiŋ]망설이는, 우유부단한,  cowardly[káuərdli]

- surmount v. conquer[kɑ́ŋkər], defeat[difíːt], overcome[òuvərkʌ́m], prevail over[privéil óuvər], triumph over[tráiəmf óuvər], ascend[əsénd], climb[klaim], mount[maunt], scale[skeil]사다리로 오르다. ant.  succumb[səkʌ́m], descend[disénd]



Frenchmen, you are about to undertake a conquest of which the effects upon the civilization and commerce of the world are incalculable. The first city you are to meet was founded by Alexander. Cadis, Sheiks, Imans, Chorbadgys, you will be told that I came to destroy your religion; do not believe it. Let your answer be that I come to reestablish your rights and punish your usurpers, and that I have more respect than the Mamelukes for your god, his prophet, and the Koran. Tell your people that all men are equal before God. Wisdom, talent, and virtue make the only difference between them.


 본문해석+문법분석

Frenchmen, you are about to undertake a conquest of which the effects upon the civilization and commerce of the world are incalculable.

- 프랑스 병사들이여, 여러분들은 세계 문명과 상업의 바탕 위에 그 결과를 헤아릴 수 없는 정복을 막 시작하려 합니다.

- be[are] about to[막 ~하려하다] / a conquest of which[전치사+목적격 관계대명사] / the effects are incalculable (of a conquest)[그 결과를 헤아릴 수 없다.]

- ‡undertake [ʌ̀ndərtéik] v.  (-took [-túk]; -taken [-téikən]) ―vt. ① 떠맡다, ┅의 책임을 지다. ② 『∼+목/ +to do/ +that 절』 (┅할) 의무를 지다, 약속하다; 보증하다, 책임지고 말하다, 장담(壯談)하다, 단언하다 (affirm). ③ 맡아서 돌보다. / ‡conquest [kɑ́ŋkwest / kɔ́ŋ-] n. ① U 정복(of). [SYN.] ⇨ TRIUMPH. / ‡civilization[sìvəlizéiʃən] n. U,C 문명(文明), 문화. / ‡commerce [kɑ́mərs / kɔ́m-] n. U 상업; 통상, 무역, 거래. [cf.] business, trade. / incalculable [inkǽlkjələbəl] a. 헤아릴 수 없는, 무수한, 무한량의; 어림할 수 없는; 믿을[기대할] 수 없는.


The first city you are to meet was founded by Alexander. Cadis, Sheiks, Imans, Chorbadgys, you will be told that I came to destroy your religion; do not believe it.

- 여러분이 마주칠 첫 번째 도시는 알렉산더 대왕이 건설한 것입니다. 카디스, 샤이니, 이만스, 코배지스, 여러분들을 제가 여러분들의 종료를 파괴하러 이곳에 왔다고 들을 것입니다. ; 그것을 믿지 마세요.

- The first city (that) you are to[be to용법 예정] meet[의 목적어는 the first city] / do not believe it[=I came to destroy your religion] / you will be told that[~을 듣게 될 것이다]

- Alexander [æ̀ligzǽndǝr, -zάːn-] n. 알렉산더


Let your answer be that I come to reestablish your rights and punish your usurpers, and that I have more respect than the Mamelukes for your god, his prophet, and the Koran.

- †reestablish [rìːestǽbliʃ] vt. 재건하다, 부흥하다(restore); 회복[복구]하다; 복직하다. / ‡punish [pʌ́niʃ] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 (사람 또는 죄를) 벌하다; 응징하다. / †usurp [juːsə́ːrp, -zə́ːrp] v. ―vt. (권력·지위 등을) 빼앗다, 찬탈하다, 강탈[횡령]하다. /


Tell your people that all men are equal before God. Wisdom, talent, and virtue make the only difference between them.

- ‡wisdom [wízdəm] n. U 현명함, 지혜, 슬기로움; 분별. / ‡talent [tǽlənt]n. U (타고난) 재주, 재능; C 재간, 수완, 솜씨. / ‡virtue [və́ːrtʃuː] n. U 미덕, 덕, 덕행, 선행.


동의어/반의어

- usurp v. arrogate, commandeer, expropriate, seize, wrest  ant.  relinquish

- virtue n. goodness, morality, rectitude, chastity, innocence, purity, virginity, excellence, value, worth, asset, merit, quality, strength, efficacy, force, potency, power  ant. wickedness, promiscuity, vice  ineffectiveness



But, is there a fine country? It is appropriated by the Mamelukes. Is there a beautiful slave, a fine horse, a fine house? All this belongs to the Mamelukes. If Egypt be their farm, let them show the lease which God has given them of it! But God is just and merciful to the people. The Egyptians will be called to fill the public stations. Let the wisest, the most enlightened, the most virtuous govern, and the people will be happy.


 본문해석+문법분석

But, is there a fine country? It is appropriated by the Mamelukes. Is there a beautiful slave, a fine horse, a fine house? All this belongs to the Mamelukes

- ‡appropriate [əpróuprièit]vt.  『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 사유[전유]하다; 횡령[착복]하다; 훔치다.


If Egypt be their farm, let them show the lease which God has given them of it! But God is just and merciful to the people.

- If Egypt be[=is] their farm[가정법현재: 현재의 불확실한 일이나 미래에 대한 가정, 상상]

- †lease [liːs]n. (토지·건물 따위의) 차용계약, 차용증서; 임대차(계약); 임차권; 차용[임대차] 기간, 차지(借地)계약 기간. / ‡merciful [mə́ːrsifəl] a. ① 자비로운, 인정 많은(to). ② 하느님[행운] 덕택의.


The Egyptians will be called to fill the public stations. Let the wisest, the most enlightened, the most virtuous govern, and the people will be happy.

- enlightened [enláitnd] a. ① 계발된; 견식 있는. ② 문명화한; 진보한. ③ 밝은, 사리를 잘 아는. / †virtuous [və́ːrtʃuəs] a. ① 덕이 높은, 덕행이 있는, 고결한. ② 정숙한, 절개 있는.


동의어/반의어

- enlightened v. edify, educate, explain, illuminate, inform  ant.  confuse

- virtuous a. ethical, moral, righteous, upright, commendable, meritorious, praiseworthy, worthy  ant.  immoral  base



You had formerly large cities, great canals, a flourishing commerce. What has ruined them all if not the avarice, the injustice, and the tyranny of the Mamelukes? Cadis, Sheiks, Imans, Chorbadgys, tell the people that we, too, are true Mussulmans. Is it not we who demolished the pope, the great enemy of the Mussulmans? Are we not the friends of the grand seignior? Thrice happy those who shall be found on our side! They will prosper in fortune and rank. Happy those who shall remain neutral! They will have time to know the result, and then will join us.


 본문해석+문법분석

You had formerly large cities, great canals, a flourishing commerce. What has ruined them all if not the avarice, the injustice, and the tyranny of the Mamelukes?

- ‡flourish [flə́ːriʃ, flʌ́riʃ]  v. ―vi. ① 번영[번성]하다(thrive); (동·식물이) 잘 자라다, 우거지다. [SYN.] ⇨ SUCCEED. / ‡commerce [kɑ́mərs / kɔ́m-] n. U ① 상업; 통상, 무역, 거래. [cf.] business, trade. / ‡ruin [rúːin]v. ―vt. ① 파괴하다; 파멸[황폐]시키다; 못쓰게 하다. ② 영락시키다, 망쳐놓다; 파산시키다. / †avarice [ǽvəris] n. U 탐욕, 허욕(虛慾). / ‡injustice [indʒʌ́stis] n. U,C (도의적인) 부정, 불의, 불공평. / ‡tyranny [tírəni] n. ① C,U 포학, 학대; 포학행위. ② U 폭정, 전제 정치.


Cadis, Sheiks, Imans, Chorbadgys, tell the people that we, too, are true Mussulmans. Is it not we who demolished the pope, the great enemy of the Mussulmans? Are we not the friends of the grand seignior?

- †demolish [dimɑ́liʃ / -mɔ́l-] vt. 부수다, 폭파[분쇄]하다; (계획·제도·지론 따위를) 뒤엎다. / pope [poup] n. ① (or P-) 로마 교황. ② 절대적인 권위를 가진 사람, 교황 같은 인물(오류를 범하지 않는다고 자타가 인정하는 사람). / seignior [síːnjərsei] n. 지배자, 영주


Thrice happy those who shall be found on our side! They will prosper in fortune and rank. Happy those who shall remain neutral! They will have time to know the result, and then will join us.

- ‡thrice [ɵrais] ad. ① 3회, 세 번; 3배로. ② 몇 번이고; 대단히, 매우. / †prosper [prɑ́spər / prɔ́s-] vi., vt. 번영하다[시키다], 성공하다[시키다]; 잘 자라다, 번식하다. [SYN.] ⇨ SUCCEED. / ‡rank [ræŋk] n. ① a) U,C 열, 행렬. b) (특히 군대의) 횡렬, 횡대로 줄지은 병사. ② (pl.) 계급, 사회층, 신분. ③ 지위, 등급. ④ U 높은 지위, 상류 사회. / ‡neutral [njúːtrəl] a. ① 중립의, 국외(局外) 중립의; 중립국의. ② 불편부당의, 공평한; 중용의; 중간의, 무관심한.


동의어/반의어

- demolish v. level, raze, tear down, destroy, total, wreck, annihilate, crush  slaughter

- avarice n. acquisitiveness, avarice, cupidity, avidity, covetousness, rapacity, selfishness, gluttony, gourmandism, insatiability, voracity  ant.  munificence, generosity  satisfaction



But woe, eternal woe, to those who take arms in favor of the Mamelukes and fight against us! There will be no hope for them; they will perish! Sheiks, Ulemans, believers of Mohammed, make known to the people that those who have been enemies to me will find no refuge either in this world or the other. Is there a man so blind as not to see that Destiny itself directs my operations?


 본문해석+문법분석

But woe, eternal woe, to those who take arms in favor of the Mamelukes and fight against us! There will be no hope for them; they will perish!

- ♣Woe to [is] me! 아아 슬프도다. / ⁂perish [périʃ] v. ―vi. 『∼ / +전+명』 멸망하다, (비명(非命)에) 죽다; 썩어 없어지다, 사라지다; 썩다, 타락하다. [SYN.] ⇨ DIE.


Sheiks, Ulemans, believers of Mohammed, make known to the people that those who have been enemies to me will find no refuge either in this world or the other. Is there a man so blind as not to see that Destiny itself directs my operations?

- ‡refuge [réfjuːdʒ]n. C ① U 피난, 보호. ② 피난소, 은신처; (등산자의) 대피막. / ⁂blind [blaind] a. ① 눈 먼, 장님(용)의. ② 맹목적인, 분별없는, 마구잡이의; (속어) 취한.


동의어/반의어




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Strike Against War

To begin with, I have a word to say to my good friends, the editors, and others who are moved to pity me. Some people are grieved because they imagine I am in the hands of unscrupulous persons who lead me astray and persuade me to espouse unpoplular causes and make me the mouthpiece of their propaganda. Now, let it be understood once and for all that I do not want their pity; I would not change places with one of them. I know what I am talking about. My sources of information are as good and reliable as anybody else's. I have papers and magazines from England, France, Germany and Austria that I can read myself. Not all the editors I have met can do that. Quite a number of them have to take their French and German second hand. No, I will not disparage the editors. They are an overworked, misunderstood class. Let them remember, though, that if I cannot see the fire at the end of their cigarettes, neither can they thread a needle in the dark. All I ask, gentlemen, is a fair field and no favor. I have entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which we live. It is to be a fight to the finish, and I ask no quarter.


 본문해석+문법분석

Strike Against War - 전쟁을 반대합니다. / strike against ~와 충돌하다


To begin with, I have a word to say to my good friends, the editors, and others who are moved to pity me. Some people are grieved because they imagine I am in the hands of unscrupulous persons who lead me astray and persuade me to espouse unpoplular causes and make me the mouthpiece of their propaganda.

- 우선, 저는 제 친한 친구들과 논설위원들, 그리고 저를 애처롭게 여기시는 분들에게 한 말씀드리겠습니다. 그들은 저를 타락시키고, 인기 없는 대의를 신봉하도록 설득하고, 제가 그들의 선전활동의 대변인으로 만드는 파렴치한 사람들의 손에 놀아나고 있다고 생각하기 때문에 슬퍼합니다.

- To begin with[우선, 먼저] / have a word to say[한 마디 말하다] / others who[주격 관계대명사] are moved[마음이 움직이다] / I am in the hands of ~ [~의 손에 놀아나다] / lead a person[me] astray : 사람을 타락시키다 / persuade A[me] to do[espouse] : A가 do 하도록 설득하다 / who (1) lead ~, (2) persuade ~, and (3) make me ~

- ‡editor [édətər] n. (fem. editress [édətris]) 편집자; (신문의) 주필, 논설위원 / ‡pity [píti] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 불쌍히 여기다, 애석하게 여기다. ―vi. 동정을 느끼다. / ‡grieve [griːv] v. ―vt. 슬프게 하다, 비탄에 젖게 하다, ┅의 마음을 아프게 하다. ―vi. (∼/ +전+명/ +to do) 몹시 슬퍼하다, 애곡(哀哭)하다(at; about; for; over). / †unscrupulous [ʌnskrúːpjələs] a. 예사로 나쁜 짓을 하는, 부도덕한, 파렴치한, 악랄한; 무절조한. / astray [əstréi] ad.,a. 「형용사로는 서술적」 길을 잃어; 잘못하여; 타락하여. / espouse [ispáuz, es-] vt. (주의·설을) 지지[신봉]하다, (사회문제 등)에 경도하다; 주의로[방침으로] 채택하다. / †mouthpiece [máuɵpìːs] n. 대변자 / ‡propaganda [prɑ̀pəgǽndə / prɔ̀p-] n. U,C 「보통 무관사」 (주의·신념의) 선전; 선전 활동; (선전하는) 주의, 주장.


Now, let it be understood once and for all that I do not want their pity; I would not change places with one of them. I know what I am talking about. My sources of information are as good and reliable as anybody else's. I have papers and magazines from England, France, Germany and Austria that I can read myself.

- 지금, 저는 그들의 동정을 원치 않는다고 단호히 이해시키려합니다.; 저는 그들 어느 누구와도 제 입장을 바꾸지 않을 것입니다. 저는 제가 말씀드리고 있는 것을 알고 있습니다. 제 정보의 원천은 다른 사람들과 같이 건전하고 믿을만한 것입니다. 제가 스스로 읽을 수 있는 영국, 프랑스, 독일 그리고 오스트리아에서 온 신문과 잡지들을 갖고 있습니다.

- let[사역동사] it[위의 사실] be[원형동사] understood that[절] : ~ 이해시키려합니다 / ♣once (and) for all 딱 잘라서, 단호히, 최종적으로. / would[고집: ~하지 않겠다] change places[seats] with a person 아무와 자리를 바꾸다. / what I am talking about[전치사의 목적어는 what: 내가 말하는 것에 관한 것] / [동등비교]as B 형용사/부사[good and reliable] as A : A만큼 B한[다른 사람들 것만큼 건전하고 믿을 만한] / papers and magazines that I can read[내가 읽을 수 있는 신문과 잡지들] myself[강조용법: 내 스스로]


Not all the editors I have met can do that. Quite a number of them have to take their French and German second hand. No, I will not disparage the editors. They are an overworked, misunderstood class. Let them remember, though, that if I cannot see the fire at the end of their cigarettes, neither can they thread a needle in the dark.

- 제가 만나본 모든 편집위원들이 다 그렇게 하지는 않습니다. 그들 중 꽤 많은 분들은 프랑스어와 독일어를 제2외국어로 받아들어야만 합니다. 전혀, 저는 그 편집위원들을 비방하지 않을 것입니다. 그들은 특정 어구를 과다히 사용하고 오해를 잘하는 계층입니다. 만일 제가 담배꽁초 끝 불꽃을 볼 수가 없듯이, 그들 또한 어둠속에서 바늘에 실을 꿰지 못한다는 것을 이해시키겠습니다.

- Not all[부분부정: 반드시 ~한 것만은 아닌] / the editors I have met[현재완료 경험: 내가 만나본 편집자들] / quite a number of [꽤 많은] / take A[목적어 their ~] B[목적격 보어 second hand: 형용사] 5형식 : A를 B로 받아들이다. / if[as: ~하듯이] / neither[또한 ~도 아닌] 문장을 도치시킴.

- disparage [dispǽridʒ] vt. 깔보다, 얕보다; 헐뜯다, 비방[비난]하다, 나쁘게 말하다; 명예를 해치다. / ‡secondhand [sékəndhǽnd] a. 간접적인 / †overwork [òuvərwə́ːrk] v.  (p., pp. ∼ed [-t], -wrought [-rɔ́ːt] ) ―vt. ① 과로시키다, 너무 일을 시키다. [opp.] underwork. ② (특정한 어구·표현 등을) 너무 많이 쓰다; 몹시 흥분시키다, 애타게 하다. / ‡thread [ɵred] v. ―vt. ① (바늘·재봉틀 따위에) 실을 꿰다.


All I ask, gentlemen, is a fair field and no favor. I have entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which we live. It is to be a fight to the finish, and I ask no quarter.

- 신사여러분, 제가 요청하는 것은 공정성입니다. 저는 군비와 현재 우리가 살고 있는 경제체제에 대항하고 있습니다. 그것은 최후까지 싸움이 될 것이지만 저는 인정을 베풀어달라지 않겠습니다.

- All I ask[의 목적어는 All: 내가 요청하는 것] / I have (already) entered the fight[현재완료 경험] / we live under the economic system[우리가 살고 있는 경제체제하에서]

- ♣a fair field and no favor (경기 등에서) 기회균등, 정실 없이 공정하게. / preparedness [pripɛ́əridnis, -pɛ́ərd-] n. U 준비[각오](가 되어 있음), (특히) 전시에 대한 대비, 군비(for). / ♣a fight to the last [to a finish] 최후까지[한쪽이 쓰러질 때까지] 싸우다. / ♣ask for [cry] quarter (포로·패잔병 등이) 살려 달라고 빌다. / quarter [kwɔ́ːrtər ] U (항복한 적에게 보이는) 자비(mercy), 살려줌, 인정, 관대(indulgence).


동의어/반의어

- unscrupulous a. dissolute[dísəlùːt]방탕한, evil[íːvəl]사악한, iniquitous[iníkwətəs]부정한, profane[prəféin]불경스런, sinful[sínfəl]죄많은, wicked[wíkid]악한, 심술궂은, corrupt[kərʌ́pt]타락한, 부패한, unethical[ʌnéɵikəl]비윤리적인, unprincipled[ʌnprínsəpəld]부도덕한, 파렴치한, unscrupulous[ʌnskrúːpjələs], base [beis]비열한, 상스러운, debauched[dibɔ́ːtʃt]방종한, decadent[dékədənt]타락한, degenerate[didʒénərit], depraved[dipréiv]  ant.  moral[mɔ́(ː)r-əl]도덕적인, ethical[éɵikəl]윤리적인,  virtuous[və́ːrtʃuəs]고결한

- disparage v.  abuse[əbjúːz]남용하다, 학대하다, belittle[bilítl]얕잡다, decry [dikrái]비난하다, deprecate[déprikèit]비난하다, 업신여기다, depreciate[dipríːʃièit]가치를 떨어트리다, ridicule[rídikjùːl]조롱하다  ant.  praise[preiz]찬양하다



The future of the world rests in the hands of America. The future of America rests on the backs of 80,000,000 working men and women and their children. We are facing a grave crisis in our national life. The few who profit from the labor of the masses want to organize the workers into an army which will protect the interests of the capitalists. You are urged to add to the heavy burdens you already bear the burden of a larger army and many additional warships. It is in your power to refuse to carry the artillery and the dread-noughts and to shake off some of the burdens, too, such as limousines, steam yachts and country estates. You do not need to make a great noise about it. With the silence and dignity of creators you can end wars and the system of selfishness and exploitation that causes wars. All you need to do to bring about this stupendous revolution is to straighten up and fold your arms.


 본문해석+문법분석

The future of the world rests in the hands of America. The future of America rests on the backs of 80,000,000 working men and women and their children.

- 세계의 미래는 미국의 영향력에 신뢰를 두고 있습니다. 미국의 미래는 8천만 노동자와 여성 그리고 그들 자녀들의 양어깨에 달려있습니다.

- ⁂rest [rest] v. 『+전+명』 신뢰를 두다(in); 의지하다(on, upon). / ♣on [upon] the back of (1) ┅의 뒤에, ┅의 배후에서, ┅에 잇따라서. (2) ┅의 위에, ┅에 더하여: (3) ┅의 양어깨에(임무·책임 따위가).


We are facing a grave crisis in our national life. The few who profit from the labor of the masses want to organize the workers into an army which will protect the interests of the capitalists.

- 우리는 우리 국가의 생존의 중대한 갈림길에 직면해 있습니다. 대중들의 노동으로 이익을 보는 몇몇 사람들은 자본주의자들의 이익을 보호하기 위해 노동자들을 군으로 조직하기를 원합니다.

- The few (people)[몇몇 사람들) who[주격 관계대명사] profit from[~로 이익을 보다] / the masses[대중들=the public] / organize A[the workers] into B[an army] : A를 B로 조직하다 / an army which[주격 관계대명사]

- ‡grave ① 드레진, (표정이) 엄한, 근엄한, 진지한. ② 근심스러운, 수심을 띤, 침통한. ③ (문제·사태 등이) 중대한, 예사롭지[심상치] 않은 / ‡crisis [kráisis]n. (pl. -ses[-siːz]) 위기, (흥망의) 갈림길; (정치상·재정상 따위의) 중대 국면 / ‡profit [prɑ́fit / prɔ́f-] v. ―vt. 『∼ +목/ +목+목』 ┅의 이익이 되다, ┅의 득 [도움]이 되다. ―vi. 『+전+명』 이익을 보다, 소득을 얻다, (┅에 의해, ┅에서) 덕을 입다(by; from; over). / mass [mæs]n. ① 덩어리. ② 모임, 집단, 일단. ③ 다량, 다수, 많음. ④ (the ∼) 대부분, 주요부. ⑤ (the ∼es) 일반 대중(populace), 근로자[하층] 계급. / ‡organize [ɔ́ːrgənàiz] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (단체 따위를) 조직하다, 편제[편성]하다; 구성하다. ② ┅의 계통을 세우다, 체계화하다. / ‡protect [prətékt] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 보호[수호, 비호]하다, 막다, 지키다(against; from). / ⁂interest [íntərist] n. ① U,C 관심, 흥미, 감흥, 흥취(in). ② 관심사, 흥미의 대상, 취미. ③ 관여, 참가, 관계. ④ U 중요성, 관심을 끄는 성질, 재미. ⑤ (종종 pl.) 이익; 이해관계; 사리(私利). / †capitalist [kǽpitəlist] n. 자본가, 전주; 자본주의자.


You are urged to add to the heavy burdens you already bear the burden of a larger army and many additional warships. It is in your power to refuse to carry the artillery and the dread-noughts and to shake off some of the burdens, too, such as limousines, steam yachts and country estates.

- 여러분들은 여러분들이 이미 짊어지고 있는 무거운 짐에 더 큰 군대와 많은 추가적인 전함의 짐까지 짊어지라 재촉 받고 있습니다. 포병과 대형 전함의 짐을 짊어질 것을 거부하고 리무진, 증기요트나 국가의 재산과 같은 짐까지도 떨쳐버릴 수 있는 것은 바로 여러분들의 힘입니다.

- You are urged to do[~하라고 재촉 받다] / add to B[the heavy burdens] A[the burden of ~ warships] : A를 B에 더하다 / the heavy burdens (you already bear) : bear의 목적어는 the heavy burdens임 / It[가주어] is in your power[강조] to refuse ~ and to shake off ~ : ~을 거절하고 ~을 떨쳐버릴 것은 바로 당신의 힘입니다.

- ‡urge [əːrdʒ] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명/ +목+부』 좨치다, 재촉하다, 노력하게 하다. ② ∼+목+전+명』(┅하도록) 촉구하다, 강제하다; (문어·고어) 자극하다, 도발하다. / ‡burden [bə́ːrdn] n. C,U ① 무거운 짐, 짐. ② (정신적인) 짐, 부담; 걱정, 괴로움, 고생. / ‡refuse [rifjúːz] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+목』 (부탁·요구·명령 등을) 거절하다, 거부하다, 물리치다. / †artillery [ɑːrtíləri] n. ① U 「집합적」 포, 대포 / dreadnought, ─naught [drédnɔ̀ːt] n. (드레드노트 형의) 대형 전함, 노급함(弩級艦). / ♣shake off (―vi.) ⇨―vi. ⑥. (―vt.) (먼지 따위를) 떨다; (근심·걱정거리 따위를) 쫓아[없애] 버리다; (못된 버릇·병 따위를) 고치다.


You do not need to make a great noise about it. With the silence and dignity of creators you can end wars and the system of selfishness and exploitation that causes wars. All y ou need to do to bring about this stupendous revolution is to straighten up and fold your arms.

- 여러분들은 그것(짊)에 대해 큰 소란을 피울 필요가 없습니다. 창설자의 침묵과 고결성으로 여러분들은 전쟁과 전쟁을 일으키는 이기심과 불법이용을 끝낼 수 있습니다. 여러분들이 이 엄청난 혁명을 가져오기 위해 할 일은 허리를 곧게 펴고 팔짱을 끼는 여유입니다.

- it[=the burden] / With[~으로, ~을 가지고] / the system ~ that[주격 관계대명사의 선행사는 the system] / All[주어] ~ is to[~하는 것이다]

- ⁂silence [sáiləns] n. U ① 침묵, 무언; 무소식. ② 비밀 엄수(secrecy); 묵살; 언급하지 않음. ③ 망각(oblivion). ④ 고요함, 정적. / ‡dignity [dígnəti] n. ① U 존엄, 위엄; 존엄성; 품위, 기품; 체면, 긍지. ② U (태도 따위가) 무게 있음, 장중함, 위풍. / †exploitation [èksplɔitéiʃən] n. U ① 이용; 개발; 개척; 채굴, 벌채. ② 사리를 위한 이용, 불법이용; 착취. / †stupendous [stjuːpéndəs] a. 엄청난, 굉장한; 거대한. / ‡revolution [rèvəlúːʃ-ən] n. C 혁명; 변혁 / ‡straighten [stréitn] v. ―vt. 『∼+목/ +목+부』 ① 똑바르게 하다. ② 정리[정돈]하다; 해결하다(out). ―vi. 『+부』 ① 똑바르게 되다(out; up).


동의어/반의어

- organize v. begin[bigín], create[kriéit], establish[istǽbliʃ], institute [ínstətjùːt], start[stɑːrt], arrange[əréindʒ], array[əréi], categorize[kǽtigəràiz], order[ɔ́ːrdər]  ant. dissolve[dizɑ́lv], disorganize[disɔ́ːrgənàiz]

- urge v. goad[goud]부추기다, prod[prɑd], push[puʃ], beseech [bisíːtʃ]간절히 원하다, entreat[entríːt], implore[implɔ́ːr]애원하다, request[rikwést], advise[ædváiz, əd-], counsel[káunsəl], exhort[igzɔ́ːrt], recommend[rèkəménd]  n.  craving[kréiviŋ], desire[dizáiər], hunger[hʌ́ŋgər], longing[lɔ́(ː)ŋiŋ], yearning[jə́ːrniŋ]  ant.  discourage[diskə́ːrididʒ], force[fɔːrs], command[kəmǽnd]  repulsion[ripʌ́lʃ-ən]반박, 거절, 협오



We are not preparing to defend our country. Even if we were as helpless as Congressman Gardner says we are, we have no enemies foolhardy enough to attempt to invade the United States. The talk about attack from Germany and Japan is absurd. Germany has its hands full and will be busy with its own affairs for some generations after the European war is over. With full control of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the allies failed to land enough men to defeat the Turks at Gallipoli; and then they failed again to land an army at Salonica in time to check the Bulgarian invasion of Serbia. The conquest of America by water is a nightmare confined exclusively to ignorant persons and members of the Navy League.


 본문해석+문법분석

We are not preparing to defend our country. Even if we were as helpless as Congressman Gardner says we are, we have no enemies foolhardy enough to attempt to invade the United States.

- 우리는 조국을 방어할 준비를 하고 있지 않습니다. 하원의원 가드너가 말하듯 우리의 현재의 상황같이 무력할지라도, 우리는 미국을 침공하리만큼 무모한 적을 갖고 있지 않습니다.

- Even if[=though] + 과거형동사/과거완료[~일지라도] / [동등비교] as helpless as (Congress man Gardner) (what) we are[현재의 상황] 같이 무력한 / foolhardy enough to[형용사를 뒤에서 수식: ~하리만큼]

- foolhardy [fúːlhɑ̀ːrdi] a.  (-dier; -diest) 무작정한, 저돌적인, 무모한(rash). / ‡invade [invéid] v. ―vt. ① ┅에 침입하다, ┅에 침공하다, (타국을) 침략하다(특히 정복·침략을 목적으로 군대에 의해); ┅에 내습하다. ② (관광지 따위에) 우우 몰려 들어가다, ┅에 밀어닥치다, 쇄도하다. ③ (병·감정 따위가) 침범[엄습]하다. ④ (소리·냄새 따위가) 퍼지다, 충만하다.  ⑤ (법·권리 등을) 범하다, 침해하다.


The talk about attack from Germany and Japan is absurd. Germany has its hands full and will be busy with its own affairs for some generations after the European war is over.

- 독일이나 일본의 공격을 말하는 것은 터무니없는 것입니다. 전쟁이 끝난 후 독일은 너무나 분주하고 다음 세대를 위한 재건에 바쁠 것입니다.

- ♣have one's hand full (바빠서) 손이 안 돌아가다[꼼짝 못 하다], 매우 바쁘다.

- ‡absurd [æbsə́ːrd, -zə́ːrd] a. ① 불합리한; 부조리한; 엉터리없는, 터무니없는, 우스꽝스런. [SYN.] ⇨ FOOLISH. ② (the ∼) 부조리. /


With full control of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the allies failed to land enough men to defeat the Turks at Gallipoli; and then they failed again to land an army at Salonica in time to check the Bulgarian invasion of Serbia.

- 대서양과 지중해의 완전한 통제에도 불구하고, 연합군은 갈리폴리의 터키 군을 패배시키기 위해 충분한 병력을 주둔시키는데 실패하였고, 세르비아의 불가리아 침공을 제때에 반격하려 살로니카에 군을 주둔시키는 것을 또 한 번 실패하였습니다.

- with[양보: in spite of, despite ~임에도 불구하고] / enough[형용사: 충분한] / to defeat[목적의 부사적 용법: ~을 패배시키기 위해] / in time to check ~[목적의 부사적 용법: ~을 제때에 반격하기 위해]

- ⁂land [lænd] v. ―vt. a) 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 상륙시키다. / ⁂check [tʃek] v. ―vt. ① 저지하다(hinder), 방해하다; 반격하다. ② 억제하다, 억누르다(restrain).


The conquest of America by water is a nightmare confined exclusively to ignorant persons and members of the Navy League.

- 수로로 미국을 정복한다는 것은 단지 무지한 사람들과 해군에게 전적으로 국한된 악몽에 불과합니다.

- by water[수로로] / a nightmare (which is) confined exclusively[동사인 confined를 수식: 전적으로(아주) 국한된] To[~에게]

- ‡nightmare [náitmɛ̀əːr] n. 악몽, 가위눌림. / ‡confine [kənfáin] v. ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 제한하다, 한하다(to; within). ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 가둬 넣다, 감금하다(in; within); 들어박히게 하다(to). / exclusively [iksklúːsivli] ad. 배타적으로; 독점적으로; 오로지 ┅만(solely, only). / ‡ignorant [ígnərənt] a. ① 무지한, 무학의, 무식한(in). ② 예의를 모르는, 실례되는. /


동의어/반의어

- ignorant a. illiterate[ilítərit]무식한, 문맹의, uneducated[ʌnédʒukèitid]교육받지 못한, unenlightened[ʌ̀ninláitnd]계몽되지 않은, unlearned[ʌnlə́ːrnid]배우지 못한, blind[blaind]눈 먼, unaware[ʌ̀nəwɛ́ər]모르는, uninformed[ʌ̀ninfɔ́ːrmd]알려지지 않는, unknowing[ʌnnóuiŋ]알아채지 못하는, backward[bǽkwərd]퇴보적인, crude[kruːd]천연 그대로의, 미숙한, primitive[prímətiv]원시의, 야만의, 근본적인  ant.  literate, informed  sophisticated[səfístəkèitid]순진하지 않은, 정교한

- absurd a. inane[inéin]공허한, 텅 빈, meaningless[míːniŋlis]무의미한, pointless[pɔ́intlis], senseless[sénslis]무감각의, 어리석은, crazy[kréizi]무모한, foolish[fúːliʃ], ludicrous[lúːdəkrəs]익살맞은, 바보스런, preposterous[pripɑ́stərəs]상식을 벗어난, ridiculous[ridíkjələs]우스운  ant.  sensible[sénsəbəl]분별력 있는,  serious[sí-əriəs]



Yet, everywhere, we hear fear advanced as argument for armament. It reminds me of a fable I read. A certain man found a horseshoe. His neighbor began to weep and wail because, as he justly pointed out, the man who found the horseshoe might someday find a horse. Having found the shoe, he might shoe him. The neighbor's child might some day go so near the horse's hells as to be kicked, and die. Undoubtedly the two families would quarrel and fight, and several valuable lives would be lost through the finding of the horseshoe. You know the last war we had we quite accidentally picked up some islands in the Pacific Ocean which may some day be the cause of a quarrel between ourselves and Japan. I'd rather drop those islands right now and forget about them than go to war to keep them. Wouldn't you?


 본문해석+문법분석

Yet, everywhere, we hear fear advanced as argument for armament. It reminds me of a fable I read. A certain man found a horseshoe.

- 그러나, 어디에서든, 우리는 군비 논쟁으로서 두려움을 미리 듣습니다. 그것은 제가 읽은 한 우화를 생각나게 합니다. 한 남자가 편자를 발견했습니다.

- fear (which is) advanced[앞선 두려움] / remind A of B[A에게 B를 떠올리다] / a fable (that) I read[과거형] / certain[(막연히) 어떤]

- ‡advanced [ædvǽnst, -vɑ́ːnst, əd-] a. ① 앞으로 나온[낸]. ② 진보한, 나아간; 상급[고급]의, 고등의. / ‡argument [ɑ́ːrgjəmənt] n. C ① U,C 논의, 논증; 논거; 논법(against; for; in favor of; with; on; over). ② (주제의) 요지 / †armament [ɑ́ːrməmənt] n. ① U 「집합적」 (군대·군함·비행기 따위를 포함한) 장비, 무기, 병기. ② C (종종 pl.) (한 나라의) 군사력, 군비. / ‡fable [féibəl] n. ① 우화, 교훈적 이야기. ② 「집합적」 신화, 전설, 설화. / †horseshoe [hɔ́ːrsʃùː / hɔ́ːrʃʃùː] n. 편자, U 자형의 물건.


His neighbor began to weep and wail because, as he justly pointed out, the man who found the horseshoe might someday find a horse. Having found the shoe, he might shoe him.

- 그의 이웃은 소리쳐 울부짖었습니다. 왜냐하면, 그가 당연히 지적한 바대로, 편자를 발견한 그 남자는 언젠가 말도 발견할 것이기 때문이죠. 편자를 발견한 후, 그는 아마 말에게 편자를 박아주겠죠.

- began to do[=began doing ~하기 시작했다] / weep and wail[소리쳐 울부짖다] / as[접속사: ~같이] / the man who[주격 관계대명사: ~한 사람]  / might[may의 과거(시제의 일치) ~일 것 같다] / [분사구문] (After/Because he had found) Having found

- ‡weep [wiːp] v.  (p., pp. wept [wept]) ―vi. ① 『∼/+전+명+to do』 눈물을 흘리다, 울다, 비탄[슬퍼]하다(for; over). / ‡wail [weil] v. ―vi. 『∼/+전+명』 ① 소리 내어 울다, 울부짖다.  [SYN.]  ⇨ WEEP. / †justly [dʒʌ́stli] ad. ① 바르게, 공정하게, 정당하게. ② 당연하게, 타당하게. ③ 정확히, 엄밀히. / ⁂shoe [ʃuː] vt. (p., pp. shod [ʃɑd / ʃɔd], shoed) ┅에 구두를 신기다; (말)에 편자를 박다; ┅에 쇠테[쇠굴레]를 끼우다; 물미[마구리]를 달다[붙이다](with).


The neighbor's child might some day go so near the horse's hells as to be kicked, and die. Undoubtedly the two families would quarrel and fight, and several valuable lives would be lost through the finding of the horseshoe.

- 그 이웃 아이는 말에 차이면 지옥에 갈수도 죽을 수도 있습니다. 분명히 그 두 집안은 다투게 될 것이고 편자를 찾은 후 내내 여러 귀중한 목숨을 잃게 될 것입니다.

- as[=if] (he was) to be kicked[만일 그가 말에 차이면] / through[내내]

- ♣go near to do=come [go] ∼ to doing 거기 ┅할 뻔하다, 막 ┅하려고 하다. / ‡quarrel [kwɔ́ːrəl / kwɑ́r-] vi. 『∼/ +전+명』 ① 싸우다, 다투다(with; about; for); 티격나다, 불화하게 되다(with). / ⁂valuable [vǽljuːəbəl, -ljəbəl] a. ① 귀중한, 소중한. ② 값비싼.


You know the last war we had we quite accidentally picked up some islands in the Pacific Ocean which may some day be the cause of a quarrel between ourselves and Japan. I'd rather drop those islands right now and forget about them than go to war to keep them. Wouldn't you?

- 여러분도 알듯이 우리가 치른 마지막 전쟁에서 우리와 일본 사이의 언젠가 분쟁의 원인이 될 수도 있는 태평양의 몇몇 섬들을 아주 우연히 얻었습니다. 저는 그 섬들을 유지하기 위해 전쟁을 하느니 차라리 섬들을 지금 당장 포기하는 편이 났다고 생각합니다. 그렇지 않나요?

- the last war (that/which) we had[우리가 치른 마지막 전쟁] / quite[부사: 아주] / some islands which may / would rather A than B: B라기 보다는 차라리 A한 / Wouldn't you drop ~?[여러분도 그러고 싶지 않습니까?]

- †accidentally [æ̀ksidéntəli] ad. 우연히, 뜻밖에; 문득, 때때로; 부수적으로.


동의어/반의어

- advanced v. move[muːv], proceed[prousíːd]앞으로 나아가다, progress[prəgrés]진보하다, encourage[enkə́ːridʒ]격려하다, foster[fɔ́(ː)stəːr]촉진하다, further[fə́ːrðəːr], promote[prəmóut], elevate[éləvèit], exalt[igzɔ́ːlt], raise [reiz], lend[lend], loan[loun], offer[ɔ́(ː)fər, ɑ́f-], broach[broutʃ]화제를 꺼내다, propose[prəpóuz], submit[səbmít], suggest[səgdʒést]  n.  headway[hed-́wè], progress[prɑ́grəs], stride[straid], approach[əpróutʃ], march[mɑːrtʃ], allowance[əláuəns], loan[loun]  ant.  retreat[ritríːt], hinder[híndər], demote[dimóut], withhold[wiðhóuld]  retreat[ritríːt]

- valuable a. costly[kɔ́ːstli], dear[diər], expensive[ikspénsiv], inestimable[inéstəməbəl], precious[préʃəs], priceless[práislis], constructive[kənstrʌ́ktiv], helpful[hélpfəl], serviceable[sə́ːrvisəb-əl], useful[júːsfəl], worthwhile[wə́ːrɵhwáil]  ant.  cheap[tʃiːp], worthless[wə́ːrɵlis], useless[júːslis]



Congress is not preparing to defend the people of the United States. It is planning to protect the capital of American speculators and investors in Mexico, South America, China, and the Philippine Islands. Incidentally this preparation will benefit the manufacturers of munitions and war machines. Until recently there were uses in the United States for the money taken from the workers. But American labor is exploited almost to the limit now, and our national resources have all been appropriated. Still the profits keep piling up new capital. Our flourishing industry in implements of murder is filling the vaults of New York's banks with gold. And a dollar that is not being used to make a slave of some human being is not fulfilling its purpose in the capitalistic scheme. That dollar must be invested in South America, Mexico, China, or the Philippines.


 본문해석+문법분석

Congress is not preparing to defend the people of the United States. It is planning to protect the capital of American speculators and investors in Mexico, South America, China, and the Philippine Islands.

- ‡protect [prətékt] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 보호[수호, 비호]하다, 막다, 지키다(against; from). / †speculator [spékjəlèitəːr] n. 투기(업)자. / †investor [invéstər] n. 투자자.


Incidentally this preparation will benefit the manufacturers of munitions and war machines. Until recently there were uses in the United States for the money taken from the workers.

- †incidentally [ìnsədéntəli] ad. ① 하는 김에, 말하자면, 첨언하면. ② 부수적으로. ③ 우연히. / †munition [mjuːníʃ-ən] n. (보통 pl.) ① 군수품, (특히)탄약.


But American labor is exploited almost to the limit now, and our national resources have all been appropriated. Still the profits keep piling up new capital. Our flourishing industry in implements of murder is filling the vaults of New York's banks with gold.

- †exploit [iksplɔ́it] vt. (이기적인 목적으로) 이용하다, 미끼삼다; (남의 노동력 등을) 착취하다. / ‡appropriate [əpróuprièit]vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 (어떤 목적에) 충당하다. ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 사유[전유]하다; 횡령[착복]하다; 훔치다. / ‡flourish [flə́ːriʃ, flʌ́riʃ]  v. ―vi. 번영[번성]하다(thrive); (동·식물이) 잘 자라다, 우거지다. [SYN.] ⇨ SUCCEED. / implement [ímpləmənt] n. ① 도구, 기구(tool); (pl.) (가구·의복 등의) 비품, 장구. ② 수단, 방법(means). / ‡vault [vɔːlt] n. 지하(저장)실, 금고실; 지하 납골소; 지하 감옥.


 And a dollar that is not being used to make a slave of some human being is not fulfilling its purpose in the capitalistic scheme. That dollar must be invested in South America, Mexico, China, or the Philippines.

- ♣make a slave of ┅을 혹사하다. / ‡fulfill ① (약속·의무 따위를) 이행하다, 다하다, 완수하다. ② (일을) 완료하다, 성취하다. / capitalistic [kæ̀pitəlístik] a. 자본주의[자본가]의. / ‡scheme [skiːm] n. ① 계획, 기획, 설계. [SYN.] ⇨ PLAN.


동의어/반의어




It was no accident that the Navy League came into prominence at the same time that the National City Bank of New York established a branch in Buenos Aires. It is not a mere coincidence that six business associates of J.P. Morgan are officials of defense leagues. And chance did not dictate that Mayor Mitchel chould appoint to his Committee of Safety a thousand men that represent a fifth of the wealth of the United States. These men want their foreign investments protected. Every modern war has had its root in exploitation. The Civil War was fought to decide whether to slaveholders of the South or the capitalists of the North should exploit the West. The Spanish-American War decided that the United States should exploit Cuba and the Philippines. The South African War decided that the British should exploit the diamond mines. The Russo-Japanese War decided that Japan should exploit Korea. The present war is to decide who shall exploit the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Egypt, India, China, Africa. And we are whetting our sword to scare the victors into sharing the spoils with us. Now, the workers are not interested in the spoils; they will not get any of them anyway.


 본문해석+문법분석

It was no accident that the Navy League came into prominence at the same time that the National City Bank of New York established a branch in Buenos Aires.


It is not a mere coincidence that six business associates of J.P. Morgan are officials of defense leagues. And chance did not dictate that Mayor Mitchel chould appoint to his Committee of Safety a thousand men that represent a fifth of the wealth of the United States.


These men want their foreign investments protected. Every modern war has had its root in exploitation. The Civil War was fought to decide whether to slaveholders of the South or the capitalists of the North should exploit the West.


The Spanish-American War decided that the United States should exploit Cuba and the Philippines. The South African War decided that the British should exploit the diamond mines.


The Russo-Japanese War decided that Japan should exploit Korea. The present war is to decide who shall exploit the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Egypt, India, China, Africa.


And we are whetting our sword to scare the victors into sharing the spoils with us. Now, the workers are not interested in the spoils; they will not get any of them anyway.


동의어/반의어




The preparedness propagandists have still another object, and a very important one. They want to give the people something to think about besides their won unhappy condition. They know the cost of living is high, wages are low, employment is uncertain and will be much more so when the European call for munitions stops. No matter how hard and incessantly the people work, they often cannot afford the comforts of life; many cannot obtain the necessities. Every few days we are given a new war scare to lend realism to their propaganda. They have had us on the verge of war over the Lusitania, the Gulflight, the Ancona, and now they want the workingmen to become excited over the sinking of the Persia. The workingman has no interest in any of these ships. The Germans might sink every vessel on the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and kill Americans with every one--the American workingman would still have no reason to go to war.


 본문해석+문법분석

The preparedness propagandists have still another object, and a very important one. They want to give the people something to think about besides their won unhappy condition.


They know the cost of living is high, wages are low, employment is uncertain and will be much more so when the European call for munitions stops.


No matter how hard and incessantly the people work, they often cannot afford the comforts of life; many cannot obtain the necessities. Every few days we are given a new war scare to lend realism to their propaganda.


They have had us on the verge of war over the Lusitania, the Gulflight, the Ancona, and now they want the workingmen to become excited over the sinking of the Persia.


The workingman has no interest in any of these ships. The Germans might sink every vessel on the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and kill Americans with every one--the American workingman would still have no reason to go to war.


동의어/반의어




All the machinery of the system has been set in motion. Above the complaint and din of the protest from the workers is heard the voice of authority. "Friends," it says, "fellow workmen, patriots; your country is in danger! There are foes on all sides of us. There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Look at what has happened to Belgium. Consider the fate of Serbia. Will you murmur about low wages when your country, your very liberties, are in jeopardy? What are the miseries you endure compared to the humiliation of having a victorious German army sail up the East River? Quit your whining, get busy and prepare to defend your firesides and your flag. Get an army, get a navy; be ready to meet the invaders like the loyal-hearted freemen you are."


 본문해석+문법분석

All the machinery of the system has been set in motion. Above the complaint and din of the protest from the workers is heard the voice of authority. "Friends," it says, "fellow workmen, patriots; your country is in danger! There are foes on all sides of us.


There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Look at what has happened to Belgium. Consider the fate of Serbia. Will you murmur about low wages when your country, your very liberties, are in jeopardy?


 What are the miseries you endure compared to the humiliation of having a victorious German army sail up the East River? Quit your whining, get busy and prepare to defend your firesides and your flag. Get an army, get a navy; be ready to meet the invaders like the loyal-hearted freemen you are."


동의어/반의어




Will the workers walk into this trap? Will they be fooled again? I am afraid so. The people have always been amenable to oratory of this sort. The workers know they have no enemies except their masters. They know that their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety of themselves or their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing worth holding on to, worth fighting for. Yet, deep down in their foolish hearts they believe they have a country. Oh blind vanity of slaves!


 본문해석+문법분석

Will the workers walk into this trap? Will they be fooled again? I am afraid so. The people have always been amenable to oratory of this sort. The workers know they have no enemies except their masters.


They know that their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety of themselves or their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing worth holding on to, worth fighting for. Yet, deep down in their foolish hearts they believe they have a country. Oh blind vanity of slaves!


동의어/반의어




The clever ones, up in the high places know how childish and silly the workers are. They know that if the government dresses them up in khaki and gives them a rifle and starts them off with a brass band and waving banners, they will go forth to fight valiantly for their own enemies. They are taught that brave men die for their country's honor. What a price to pay for an abstraction--the lives of millions of young men; other millions crippled and blinded for life; existence made hideous for still more millions of human being; the achievement and inheritance of generations swept away in a moment--and nobody better off for all the misery! This terrible sacrifice would be comprehensible if the thing you die for and call country fed, clothed, housed and warmed you, educated and cherished your children. I think the workers are the most unselfish of the children of men; they toil and live and die for other people's country, other people's sentiments, other people's liberties and other people's happiness! The workers have no liberties of their own; they are not free when they are compelled to work twelve or ten or eight hours a day. They are not free when they are ill paid for their exhausting toil. They are not free when their children must labor in mines, mills and factories or starve, and when their women may be driven by poverty to lives of shame. They are not free when they are clubbed and imprisoned because they go on strike for a raise of wages and for the elemental justice that is their right as human beings.


 본문해석+문법분석

The clever ones, up in the high places know how childish and silly the workers are. They know that if the government dresses them up in khaki and gives them a rifle and starts them off with a brass band and waving banners, they will go forth to fight valiantly for their own enemies.


They are taught that brave men die for their country's honor. What a price to pay for an abstraction--the lives of millions of young men; other millions crippled and blinded for life; existence made hideous for still more millions of human being; the achievement and inheritance of generations swept away in a moment--and nobody better off for all the misery!


This terrible sacrifice would be comprehensible if the thing you die for and call country fed, clothed, housed and warmed you, educated and cherished your children.


I think the workers are the most unselfish of the children of men; they toil and live and die for other people's country, other people's sentiments, other people's liberties and other people's happiness! The workers have no liberties of their own; they are not free when they are compelled to work twelve or ten or eight hours a day.


They are not free when they are ill paid for their exhausting toil. They are not free when their children must labor in mines, mills and factories or starve, and when their women may be driven by poverty to lives of shame.


They are not free when they are clubbed and imprisoned because they go on strike for a raise of wages and for the elemental justice that is their right as human beings.


동의어/반의어




We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave. There has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world. From time immemorial men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power of money and of armies. Even while battlefields were piled high with their own dead they have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed of the fruits of their labor. They have built palaces and pyramids, temples and cathedrals that held no real shrine of liberty. As civilization has grown more complex the workers have become more and more enslaved, until today they are little more than parts of the machines they operate. Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stock-hold, stockyard, lumber raft and min. Panting and training at the docks, on the railroads and underground and on the seas, they move the traffic and pass from land to land the precious commodities that make it possible for us to live. And what is their reward? A scanty wage, often poverty, rents, taxes, tributes and war indemnities.


 본문해석+문법분석

We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave.


There has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world. From time immemorial men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power of money and of armies. Even while battlefields were piled high with their own dead they have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed of the fruits of their labor.


They have built palaces and pyramids, temples and cathedrals that held no real shrine of liberty. As civilization has grown more complex the workers have become more and more enslaved, until today they are little more than parts of the machines they operate.


Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stock-hold, stockyard, lumber raft and min. Panting and training at the docks, on the railroads and underground and on the seas, they move the traffic and pass from land to land the precious commodities that make it possible for us to live. And what is their reward? A scanty wage, often poverty, rents, taxes, tributes and war indemnities.


동의어/반의어




The kind of preparedness the workers want is reorganization and reconstruction of their whole life, such as has never been attempted by statesmen or governments. The Germans found out years ago that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums so they abolished the slums. They saw to it that all the people had at least a few of the essentials of civilization - decent lodging, clean streets, wholesome if scanty food, proper medical care and proper safeguards for the workers in their occupations. That is only a small part of what should be done, but what wonders that one step toward the right sort of preparedness has wrought for Germany! For eighteen months it has kept itself free from invasion while carrying on an extended war of conquest, and its armies are still pressing on with unabated vigor. It is your business to force these reforms on the Administration. Let there be no more talk about what a government can or cannot do. All these things have been done by all the belligerent nations in the hurly-burly of war. Every fundamental industry has been managed better by the governments than by private corporations.


 본문해석+문법분석

The kind of preparedness the workers want is reorganization and reconstruction of their whole life, such as has never been attempted by statesmen or governments. The Germans found out years ago that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums so they abolished the slums.


They saw to it that all the people had at least a few of the essentials of civilization - decent lodging, clean streets, wholesome if scanty food, proper medical care and proper safeguards for the workers in their occupations.


That is only a small part of what should be done, but what wonders that one step toward the right sort of preparedness has wrought for Germany! For eighteen months it has kept itself free from invasion while carrying on an extended war of conquest, and its armies are still pressing on with unabated vigor.


It is your business to force these reforms on the Administration. Let there be no more talk about what a government can or cannot do. All these things have been done by all the belligerent nations in the hurly-burly of war. Every fundamental industry has been managed better by the governments than by private corporations.


동의어/반의어




It is your duty to insist upon still more radical measure. It is your business to see that no child is employed in an industrial establishment or mine or store, and that no worker in needlessly exposed to accident or disease. It is your business to make them give you clean cities, free from smoke, dirt and congestion. It is your business to make them pay you a living wage. It is your business to see that this kind of preparedness is carried into every department on the nation, until everyone has a chance to be well born, well nourished, rightly educated, intelligent and serviceable to the country at all times. Strike against all ordinances and laws and institutions that continue the slaughter of peace and the butcheries of war. Srike against war, for without you no battles can be fought. Strike against manufacturing scrapnel and gas bombs and all other tools of murder. Strike against preparedness that means death and misery to millions of human being. Be not dumb, obedient slaves in an army of destruction. Be heroes in an army of construction.


 본문해석+문법분석

It is your duty to insist upon still more radical measure. It is your business to see that no child is employed in an industrial establishment or mine or store, and that no worker in needlessly exposed to accident or disease.


It is your business to make them give you clean cities, free from smoke, dirt and congestion. It is your business to make them pay you a living wage. It is your business to see that this kind of preparedness is carried into every department on the nation, until everyone has a chance to be well born, well nourished, rightly educated, intelligent and serviceable to the country at all times.


 Strike against all ordinances and laws and institutions that continue the slaughter of peace and the butcheries of war. Srike against war, for without you no battles can be fought. Strike against manufacturing scrapnel and gas bombs and all other tools of murder.


 Strike against preparedness that means death and misery to millions of human being. Be not dumb, obedient slaves in an army of destruction. Be heroes in an army of construction.


동의어/반의어



반응형
반응형

[난이도★★☆☆☆]


Thank you, President Hennessy, and to the trustees and the faculty, to all of the parents and grandparents, to you, the Stanford graduates. Thank you for letting me share this amazing day with you.


 본문해석+문법분석

- 헤네시 총장님에게 감사드립니다, 그리고 이사님들 그리고 교직원 여러분들에게도 감사드립니다. 모든 학부모와 조부모님들, 특히 스탠포드대학의 졸업생 여러분께 감사드립니다. 저를 이 뜻 깊은 날을 여러분들과 함께 할 수 있도록 허락해 주셔서 감사드립니다.


- to[전치사: ~에게] / to you[특히, 여러분] / thank A[you] for B[letting: 사역동사, ~을 허락하다] + 목적어[me] + 원형동사[share: 함께하다]


- trustee [trʌstíː] n.〖법률〗피 신탁인, 수탁자; 보관인, 보관 위원, 관재인; (대학 등의) 평의원, 이사 / ‡faculty [fǽkəlti] n. ① C  (기관·정신의) 능력, 기능(function), 재능. ② (대학의) 학부(department), 분과(分科) ③ (학부의) 교수단, 교수회; 【미국】 「집합적」(대학·고교의) 교원, 교직원. / ‡amazing [əméiziŋ] a. 놀랄 정도의, 굉장한(astonishing). ㉺∼ly ―ad. 놀라리만큼, 기막힐 정도로.

 

동의어/반의어

- amazing a. astonishing[əstɑ́niʃiŋ], astounding[əstáundiŋ], marvelous[mɑ́ːrv-ələs], remarkable[rimɑ́ːrkəb-əl], wonderful[wʌ́ndəːrfəl], wondrous[wʌ́ndrəs]  ant.  ordinary[ɔ́ːrdənèri]



I need to begin by letting everyone in on a little secret. The secret is that Kirby Bumpus, Stanford Class of ’08, is my goddaughter. So, I was thrilled when President Hennessy asked me to be your Commencement speaker, because this is the first time I’ve been allowed on campus since Kirby’s been here.


 본문해석+문법분석

- 저는 모든 분들에게 작은 비밀하나를 털어 놓고 시작하려 합니다. 그 비밀은 08학번인 커비 범퍼스가 저의 대녀라는 사실입니다. 그래서 저는 헨네시 총장님이 저에게 여러분의 졸업식 연설을 부탁하였을 때 너무 감동을 받았습니다. 왜냐하면 커비가 이곳에 있은 이후 제가 허가받은 첫 번째 시간이기 때문입니다.


- begin by[~하는 것으로 시작하다] / letting everyone in on a little secret[모든 분들엑 작은 비밀하나를 털어 놓는 것으로] / The secret is that[명사절인 보어를 이끄는 접속사] / I was thrilled[수동태: 전율을 느꼈다] / when[시간의 부사절: ~때] / asked A[me] to B[be] : A가 B하도록 부탁하다 / , because[앞에 ‘,’로 계속적인 용법으로 해석] / this is the first time[수사 앞에 정관사 ‘the'를 쓴다] (when) I've been allowed[현재완료 수동태의 결과] / since[접속사로 완료형을 이끔: ~이후로] Kirby has been here


- goddaughter [-́dɔ̀ːtər] n. 대녀(代女): 대부모가 세례식에 입회해준 딸. (천주교에서) 영적 가족 관계를 맺은 딸 / ♣let a person in on ┅ (비밀 따위를) 아무에게 누설하다[알려 주다]; (계획 따위에) 아무를 참가시키다. / ‡thrill [ɵril] v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 몸이 떨리게 하다, 오싹하게 하다; ┅의 피가 끓게 하다, 감격시키다. ② (목청 따위를) 떨리게 하다. ―vi. 『∼/ +전+명』 ① 오싹하다, 자릿자릿하다; 감동하다; 감격하다. / †commencement [kəménsmənt] n. U,C ① 시작, 개시; 착수. ② (the ∼) (대학 따위의) 졸업식 (행사 기간); (Cambridge, Dublin 및 미국 여러 대학의) 학위 수여식[일]. ┈┈•hold the ∼ 졸업식을 거행하다.


동의어/반의어

- thrill n. excitement[iksáitmənt], fun[fʌn], stimulation[stìmjəléiʃ-ən], titillation[títəlèitʃ-ən], flutter[flʌ́təːr](날개의)퍼억거림, 동요, palpitation[pæ̀lpətéiʃən]고동, 가슴이 두근거림, tingle[tíŋg-əl]따끔거림, 수심, 설렘, tremor[tréməːr]전율, 떨리는 목소리  v.  animate[ǽnəmèit]생명을 불어넣다, enrapture[enrǽptʃər]황홀케 하다, excite[iksáit], inspire[inspáiər], rouse[rauz]일깨우다  ant.  bore[bɔːːr]지루하게하다, 구멍을 뚫다.



You see, Kirby’s a very smart girl. She wants people to get to know her on her own terms, she says. Not in terms of who she knows. So, she never wants anyone who’s first meeting her to know that I know her and she knows me. So, when she first came to Stanford for new student orientation with her mom, I hear that they arrived and everybody was so welcoming, and somebody came up to Kirby and they said, “Ohmigod, that’s Gayle King!” Because a lot of people know Gayle King as my BFF [best friend forever].


 본문해석+문법분석

- 여러분도 알듯이 커비는 아주 똑똑한 여자아이죠. 그녀는 사람들이 자기 방식대로 자신을 알게 되기를 원한다고 말합니다. 그녀를 아는 지인에 의해서가 아니라. 그래서 그녀는 초면인 사람이 제가 그녀를 안다는 것과 그녀가 저를 알고 있다는 것을 아는 것을 전혀 원하지 않습니다. 그래서 그녀가 엄마와 신입생 오리엔테이션에 참가하기 위해 처음 스탠포드 대학에 왔을 때, 제가 듣기로 그들이 도착하자 모든 사람들이 너무나 반갑게 맞이했고 어떤 이는 커비에게 다가가 “어머나, 저애가 게일 킹아니야”라고 말했답니다. 왜냐하면 많은 사람들은 게일 킹을 나의 영원한 절친으로 알고 있기 때문입니다.


- You see[As you know 여러분도 알듯이] / want + 목적어[people] + to 부정사[get to know: 알게 되다] / on her own terms[자기 생각대로] / Not in terms of who she knows[그녀의 지인에 의해서가 아닌] / wants anyone who's first meeting her[그녀와 초면인 사람이] to know[알도록] / came up to[~에게 다가갔다] / Ohmigo[Oh! my God]


- ⁂term [təːrm] n. ① C,U 기간; 임기; 학기 ② (의무·계약의) 기한, (만료)기일 ③ (pl.) (계약·지불·요금 등의) 조건(of); 약정, 협정 ④ (pl.) (친한) 사이, (교제) 관계. ⑤ 용어, 전문어; (pl.) 말투, 말씨, 어구. ♣on one's own terms 자기 생각대로, 자기 방식으로  ♣in terms of ⑴ ┅의 말로, ┅에 특유한 말로 (2) ---에 의하여


동의어/반의어

- term n. expression[ikspréʃən], phrase[freiz], word[wəːrd], nomenclature[númənklèitʃəːr]전문어, terminology[tə̀ːrmənɑ́lədʒi], interval[íntərvəl], period[píəriəd], span[spæn], spell[spel]잠시 동안, course[kɔːrs], quarter[kwɔ́ːrtər]학기, semester[siméstər], administration[ædmìnəstréiʃən]통치기간, reign[rein]통치, 세력, rule[ruːl]  v.  call, label, name, tag  title


And so somebody comes up to Kirby, and they say, “Ohmigod, is that Gayle King?” And Kirby’s like, “Uh-huh. She’s my mom.”

And so the person says, “Ohmigod, does it mean, like, you know Oprah Winfrey?”

And Kirby says, “Sort of.”

I said, “Sort of? You sort of know me?” Well, I have photographic proof. I have pictures which I can e-mail to you all of Kirby riding horsey with me on all fours. So, I more than sort-of know Kirby Bumpus. And I’m so happy to be here, just happy that I finally, after four years, get to see her room. There’s really nowhere else I’d rather be, because I’m so proud of Kirby, who graduates today with two degrees, one in human bio and the other in psychology. Love you, Kirby Cakes! That’s how well I know her. I can call her Cakes.


 본문해석+문법분석

- 그래서 누군가 커비에게 다가와, 말하기를 “어머나, 혹시 게일 킹이죠?” 그러면 커비는 “오. 그녀는 제 엄마입니다.”라고 말할 것 같습니다.

그러면 그 사람은 말하기를, “어머, 당신이 오프라 윈프리를 안다는 것이죠?”

그때 커비는 “말하자면”이라고 말합니다.

  제가 “말하자면?”이라 말했죠. 여러분들은 약간 저를 아시죠? 이제, 저는 사진으로 된 증거를 가지고 있습니다. 제가 4시간 내내 함께 말을 타고 있는 커비의 모든 사진들을 여러분들에게 이메일로 보내줄 여러 사진들이 가지고 있습니다. 그래서 저는 약간이 아닌 커비를 범퍼스를 잘 알고 있습니다. 그래서 제가 이곳이 있으니 더더욱 행복하고, 제가 4년이 지나 그녀의 방을 볼 수 있게 된 건만으로도 행복할 뿐입니다. 그곳이외엔 가고 싶은 곳은 없습니다. 왜냐하면 저는 커비가 자랑스럽고, 그녀는 인간생물학과 심리학에서 두 개의 학위를 받으며 오늘 졸업합니다. 커비 케익스! 사랑해요. 그것이 제가 그녀를 얼마나 잘 아는 이유입니다. 저는 그녀를 케익스라고 부르죠.


- come up to[~에게 다가가다] / ♣and so [therefore] 그러므로, 그래서; 따라서. / Kirby's[is] like[(방언) 아마 ┅일 것 같은. [cf.] likely] / ♣sort of (구어) 「부사적」 다소, 얼마간, 말하자면 / e-mail A[pictures] to B[you] A를 B에게 이메일로 보내다 / pictures와 all는 동격임[모든 여러장의 사진들] / more than sort-of[확실히] / (I'm) just happy[단지 행복할 뿐입니다] / get to see[보게 되다] / nowhere else I'd[would] rather be[내가 가고 싶은 곳은 어디에도 없는] / , because[계속적인 용법으로 해석] / Kirby, who[주격 관계대명사로 계속적인 용법으로 해석: 그녀는] / two degrees[두 개의 학위] / 두 개를 지칭할 때 : 하나는 one, 나머지 하나는 the other임 / That's how well ~ : That's the reason(why) I know her well / call A[her] B[Cakes] : A를 B라 부르다[5형식]


- ‡proof [pruːf] n. (pl. ∼s) ① U 증명, 증거; C 증거(가 되는 것). ② (pl.) 〖법률〗 증거서류; 증언.


동의어/반의어

- proof n. evidence[évidəns], testimony[téstəmòuni], witness[wítnis], confirmation[kɑ̀nfərméiʃən]확정, 확인, documentation[dɑ̀kjəmentéiʃən]문서 자료에 의한 입증, validation[vèrəfikéiʃən], verification[vèrəfikéiʃən], demonstration[dèmənstréiʃən], display[displéi], illustration[ìləstréiʃən], investigation[invèstəgéiʃən]조사, 연구, 심사, scrutiny[skrúːtəni]면밀한 음미, 조사, test[test], trial[trái-əl]  ant.  denial[dináiəl], refutation[rèfjutéiʃ-ən]반박


And so proud of her mother and father, who helped her get through this time, and her brother, Will. I really had nothing to do with her graduating from Stanford, but every time anybody’s asked me in the past couple of weeks what I was doing, I would say, “I’m getting ready to go to Stanford.”


 본문해석+문법분석

- 그리고 그녀가 이번에 졸업하기까지 그녀를 도와준 그녀의 그 부모님과 그녀의 오빠인, 윌이 자랑스럽습니다. 저는 그녀가 스탠포드를 졸업하는데 전혀 한일이 없습니다. 그러나 누군가 저에게 지난 2주 동안 물을 때 마다, 저는 말하곤 했답니다. “저는 스탠포드로 갈 준비를 하고 있다.”고


- And (I am) so[부사] proud[형용사] of[~ 가 너무 자랑스럽다], who[주격 관계대명사: helped의 선행사는 her mother and father] / helped[사역동사]+her[목적어]+get through[원형동사: ~을 마치다, 졸업하다] / so proud of her mother and father, and her brother, Will[=her brother: 동격] / nothing to do[할 것이 전혀 없는] / with[전치사]+her[목적어]+graduating[~ing] : 목적어[her]가 ing[graduating]하는데 / every time (when/in which)+절[~ 할 때는 늘] / anybody's[had] asked A[간접목적어: me] B[직접목적어: what I was doing] : 4형식문장[A에게 B를 묻다] = asked B of A와 같은 문장 / in[=for] past couple of weeks[지난 2주 동안] / I would[조동사: (과거에) ~ 하곤 했다] / get ready to 부정사[~ 할 준비를 하다]


- ⁂proud [praud] a. ① 거만한(haughty), 잘난 체하는(arrogant), 뽐내는. ② 자존심이 있는 ③ 자랑으로 여기는, 영광으로 여기는. ④ 자랑할 만한, 당당한(imposing), 훌륭한(splendid). ⑤ (말 따위가) 기운이 좋은(spirited).


동의어/반의어

- proud a. arrogant[ǽrəgənt]거만한, conceited[kənsíːtid]젠체하는, 우쭐한, haughty[hɔ́ːti]오만한 불손한, smug[smʌg]독선적인, 멋진, vain[vein]헛된, 허영심이 강한, glorious[glɔ́ːriəs]영광스런, magnificent[mægnífəsənt]장엄한, 훌륭한, splendid[spléndid]빛나는, 화려한, sublime[səbláim]장대한, 탁월한, honorable[ɑ́nərəbəl]명예로운, 존경할 만한, independent[ìndipéndənt]독립적인, 자존심이 강한, principled[prínsəpld]절조있는, self-respecting[sélfrispékiŋ]자존심 있는, dignified[dígnəfàid]위엄있는, 당당한, distinguished[distíŋgwiʃt]눈에 띄는, 유명한, illustrious[ilʌ́stiəs]뛰어난, 화려한, stately[stéitli]당당한, 품위 있는, exalted[igzɔ́ːltid]지위가 높은, 의기양양한, lofty[lɔ́ːfti]고상한, 거만한, prideful[praidfəl]오만한, delighted[diláitid]아주 기뻐하는, gratified[grǽtəfàid], pleased[pliːzd], satisfied[sǽtisfàid] ant.  humblehʌ́mbəl]천한, 겸손한, humiliating[hjuːmílièitiŋ]굴욕적인, modest[mɑ́dist]검소한,  ashamed[əʃéimd]수줍어 하여(of)



I just love saying “Stanford.” Because the truth is, I know I would have never gotten my degree at all, ’cause I didn’t go to Stanford. I went to Tennessee State University. But I never would have gotten my diploma at all, because I was supposed to graduate back in 1975, but I was short one credit. And I figured, I’m just going to forget it, ’cause, you know, I’m not going to march with my class. Because by that point, I was already on television. I’d been in television since I was 19 and a sophomore. Granted, I was the only television anchor person that had an 11 o’clock curfew doing the 10 o’clock news.


본문해석+문법분석

- 저는 단지 “스탠포드”를 말하는 것이 좋습니다. 왜냐하면 그 진실은 제가 학위를 받지 못했을 수도 있었기 때문이라는 것을 제가 알기 때문입니다. 왜냐하면 저는 스탠포드를 가지 않았기 때문입니다. 저는 테네시 주립 대학을 다녔습니다. 그러나 저는 졸업장을 받지 못했을 수도 있었습니다. 왜냐하면 저는 1975년으로 돌아가 졸업하고 싶었기 때문이죠. 그러나 저는 간단한 1개의 학점만 이수했기 때문입니다. 그리고 저는 이해합니다. 저는 그것을 잊고 지낼 것을, 왜냐하면 저는 제 과목을 들을 수 없다는 것을 저는 알기 때문입니다. 왜냐하면 그 당시에, 저는 이미 텔레비전에 출연 중이었기 때문입니다. 19살 때인 대학 2학년 때부터 저는 텔레비전에 출연했습니다. 인정하건대, 저는 10시 정각 뉴스를 진행하면서 11시 정각 통행금지를 당한 유일한 텔레비전 진행자였죠.


- love+to부정사/동명사[~ing] / the truth is (that) I know / would have+과거분사[gotten] :「가정법, 조건절 속에서」 ┅하려고 했으면, ┅할 마음만 있으면. / at all[부정문: 전혀] / ‘cause[=because] / be supposed to[~할 예정이다] / back in 1975[1975년으로 거슬러, 돌아가] / short one credit[간단한 1학점] / march with[자동사: ~시작하다] / by that time[그 당시에] / since[접속사: ~ 이후로] / Granted[인정하건대] / anchor person that[주격 관계대명사] / had[=spent]+시간[an 11 o'clock curfew]+ing[doing the 10 o'clock news] : 10시 정각 뉴스를 진행하면서 11시 정각 통금을 당했다.


- †diploma [diplóumə] n. (pl. ∼s, (드물게) ∼ta [-tə]) ① 졸업 증서, 학위 수여증; 면허장(in); 상장, 포장; 훈기(勳記). / ‡figure [fígjər / -gər] v. ―vt. ①『∼+목/ +목+부』 숫자로 표시하다; 계산하다(compute); 어림하다; ┅의 가격을 사정[평가]하다(up). ② 『∼+목/ +목+(to be) 보/ +(that)절』 (미국구어) ┅하다고 생각하다, 판단하다, 보다. / †sophomore [sɑ́f-əmɔ̀ːr / sɔ́f-]n. 【미국】 (4년제 대학·고등학교의) 2년생([cf.] freshman, junior, senior); (실무·운동 등의 경험이) 2년인 사람, (그 방면의) 2년생. / curfew [kə́ːrfjuː] n. 통행금지


동의어/반의어

- march v. file[fail]기록에 남겨두다, 종대로 나아가다, parade[pəréid]줄지어 행진하다, prance[præns, prɑːns]의기양양하게 가다, step[step]걷다, tramp[træmp]쿵쿵거리며 걷다, flounce[flauns]과장되게 몸을 움직이다, stalk[stɔːk]성큼성큼 걷다, stride[straid]활보하다. n.  hike[haik]도보 여행, procession[prəséʃən], tramp[træmp], trek[trek], advance[ædvǽns], development[divéləpmənt], growth[grouɵ], progression[prəgréʃən], rise[raiz]



Seriously, my dad was like, “Well, that news is over at 10:30. Be home by 11.”

But that didn’t matter to me, because I was earning a living. I was on my way. So, I thought, I’m going to let this college thing go and I only had one credit short. But, my father, from that time on and for years after, was always on my case, because I did not graduate. He’d say, “Oprah Gail”—that’s my middle name—”I don’t know what you’re gonna do without that degree.” And I’d say, “But, Dad, I have my own television show.”

And he’d say, “Well, I still don’t know what you’re going to do without that degree.”

And I’d say, “But, Dad, now I’m a talk show host.” He’d say, “I don’t know how you’re going to get another job without that degree.”


 본문해석+문법분석

Seriously, my dad was like, “Well, that news is over at 10:30. Be home by 11.” But that didn’t matter to me, because I was earning a living. I was on my way.

- 곧이곧대로, 저의 아빠는, “음, 뉴스가 10:30분에 끝나지. 11까진 집에 오려무나.”라고 말씀한신 분이셨습니다. 그러나 그건 저에게 중요치 않았습니다. 왜냐하면 저는 생계를 꾸리고 있었으니까요. 저는 제 길을 가고 있었습니다.

- my dad was like[전치사: 저의 아빠는 ~와 같은 분이였다] / is over[끝나다] / by 11[11시 까지] / matter to[~에게 중요하다] / earn a living[생계를 꾸리다] / on my way[내 길을 가는]

- ⁂matter [mǽtəːr] vi. ① 『∼/ +부/ 전+명』 「보통 부정·의문」 중요하다. ② (상처가) 곪다. ┈┈•It ∼s little to me. 내게는 별 관계가 없다.  ┈┈•It doesn't ∼ about me. 나에 대해서는 아무래도 상관 없다.


So, I thought, I’m going to let this college thing go and I only had one credit short. But, my father, from that time on and for years after, was always on my case, because I did not graduate. He’d say, “Oprah Gail — that’s my middle name —” I don’t know what you’re gonna do without that degree.” And I’d say, “But, Dad, I have my own television show.”

- 그래서, 이 대학문제는 더 이상 생각지 말자 난 단지 1학점이 부족한 것뿐이지 라고 생각했습니다. 그러나 아빠는, 그때부터 이후 몇 년 동안, 제가 졸업하지 않았기 때문에, 늘 제 일을 걱정하셨습니다. 그는 “오프라 게일아 - 제 가운데 이름 - 네가 학위 없이 무엇을 할지 난 모르겠다.”라고 말씀하시곤 했습니다. 그때 저는, “그러나 아빠, 저는 제 텔레비전 쇼를 가지고 있잖아요.” 라고 답하곤 했습니다.

- let A[this college thing] go : A를 생각하지 않기로 하다 / had one credit[목적어] short[목적격 보어] : 5형식 / for years after[이후로 몇 년 동안] / He'd[would: (과거에) ~하곤 했다]

- ‡credit [krédit] n.  C 【미국】 (이수) 단위, 학점(학과의)


And he’d say, “Well, I still don’t know what you’re going to do without that degree.” And I’d say, “But, Dad, now I’m a talk show host.” He’d say, “I don’t know how you’re going to get another job without that degree.”

- 그리고 아빠는 말씀하시기를, “음, 난 아직도 네가 학위 없이 어떻게 살아갈지 모르겠다.” 그때 전, “그러나 아빠, 지금 전 대담 쇼의 진행자예요.”라고 말하고 했습니다. 그는, “학위 없이 다른 직장을 잡을지 모르겠다.”라고도 말씀하시곤 했습니다.

- what you're going to do[의 목적어는 what] / how you're ~ get another job[how 이후에 주어[you]+동사[are going to get]+목적어[another job]]


동의어/반의어

- matter n. element[éləmənt], material[mətí-əriəl], medium[míːdiəm], substance[sʌ́bstəns], content[kəntént], essence[ésəns], subject[sʌ́bdʒikt], topic[tɑ́pik], affair[əfɛ́ər], business[bíznis], circumstance[sə́ːrkəmstæ̀ns], concern[kənsə́ːrn], situation[sìtʃuéiʃ-ən]  v.  count[kaunt], mean[miːn], signify[sígnəfài]



So, in 1987, Tennessee State University invited me back to speak at their commencement. By then, I had my own show, nationally syndicated. I’d made a movie, had been nominated for an Oscar and founded my company, Harpo. But I told them, I cannot come and give a speech unless I can earn one more credit, because my dad’s still saying I’m not going to get anywhere without that degree. So, I finished my coursework, I turned in my final paper and I got the degree.


 본문해석+문법분석

So, in 1987, Tennessee State University invited me back to speak at their commencement. By then, I had my own show, nationally syndicated.

- 그래서, 1987년에, 테네시 주립 대학은 졸업식 연설에 저를 다시 초대했습니다. 그때까지, 저는 전국적으로 배급되는 제 쇼 프로그램을 갖고 있었습니다.

- invited me back[=again] / my own show, (which was) nationally syndicated

- †syndicate [síndikèit] vt., vi. (기사 따위를) 신디케이트를 통하여 발표[관리, 배급]하다.


I’d made a movie, had been nominated for an Oscar and founded my company, Harpo. But I told them, I cannot come and give a speech unless I can earn one more credit, because my dad’s still saying I’m not going to get anywhere without that degree. So, I finished my coursework, I turned in my final paper and I got the degree.

- 저는 영화를 제작하였고, 오스카 지명도 받았으며 하포 회사를 설립했습니다. 그러나 저는 그들에게 말했습니다. 제가 1학점 더 딸 수 없으면 가서 연설할 수 없다고, 왜냐하면 아빠는 여전히 학위 없이는 어디든 가지 못할 것이라 말씀하고 계셨기 때문입니다. 그래서 저는 특정 과목을 마쳤습니다. 제는 마지막 논문을 제출했고 학위를 받았습니다.

- (I) had been ~ and (I) founded / unless[접속사: ~하지 않으면] / turned in[제출했다]

- ‡nominate [nɑ́mənèit / nɔ́m-]v. ―vt. 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (선거·임명의 후보자로서) 지명하다; 지명 추천하다(for). / coursework [kɔ́ːrswə̀ːrk] n. 특정 학습 과정에 필요한 수업 내용; 학습 과정 연구.


동의어/반의어

- nominate v. appoint[əpɔ́int], choose[tʃuːz], designate[dézignèit], name[neim], advocate[ǽdvəkèit], propose[prəpóuz], put forward, recommend[rèkəménd], suggest[səgdʒést]  ant.  oppose[əpóuz]

- syndicate n.  alliance[əláiəns], coalition[kòuəlíʃən], partnership[pɑ́ːrtnərʃìp]  v.  publish[pʌ́bliʃ], consolidate[kənsɑ́lədèit], incorporate[inkɔ́ːrpərèit], merge[məːrdʒ], organize[ɔ́ːrgənàiz]



And my dad was very proud. And I know that, if anything happens, that one credit will be my salvation. But I also know why my dad was insisting on that diploma, because, as B. B. King put it, “The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take that away from you.” And learning is really in the broadest sense what I want to talk about today, because your education, of course, isn’t ending here. In many ways, it’s only just begun. The world has so many lessons to teach you. I consider the world, this Earth, to be like a school and our life the classrooms. And sometimes here in this Planet Earth school the lessons often come dressed up as detours or roadblocks. And sometimes as full-blown crises. And the secret I’ve learned to getting ahead is being open to the lessons, lessons from the grandest university of all, that is, the universe itself.


 본문해석+문법분석

And my dad was very proud. And I know that, if anything happens, that one credit will be my salvation.


But I also know why my dad was insisting on that diploma, because, as B. B. King put it, “The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take that away from you.”


And learning is really in the broadest sense what I want to talk about today, because your education, of course, isn’t ending here. In many ways, it’s only just begun. The world has so many lessons to teach you.


I consider the world, this Earth, to be like a school and our life the classrooms. And sometimes here in this Planet Earth school the lessons often come dressed up as detours or roadblocks.


And sometimes as full-blown crises. And the secret I’ve learned to getting ahead is being open to the lessons, lessons from the grandest university of all, that is, the universe itself.


동의어/반의어




It’s being able to walk through life eager and open to self-improvement and that which is going to best help you evolve, ’cause that’s really why we’re here, to evolve as human beings. To grow into more of ourselves, always moving to the next level of understanding, the next level of compassion and growth. I think about one of the greatest compliments I’ve ever received: I interviewed with a reporter when I was first starting out in Chicago. And then many years later, I saw the same reporter. And she said to me, “You know what? You really haven’t changed. You’ve just become more of yourself.” And that is really what we’re all trying to do, become more of ourselves. And I believe that there’s a lesson in almost everything that you do and every experience, and getting the lesson is how you move forward. It’s how you enrich your spirit. And, trust me, I know that inner wisdom is more precious than wealth. The more you spend it, the more you gain.


 본문해석+문법분석

It’s being able to walk through life eager and open to self-improvement and that which is going to best help you evolve, ’cause that’s really why we’re here, to evolve as human beings.


To grow into more of ourselves, always moving to the next level of understanding, the next level of compassion and growth. I think about one of the greatest compliments I’ve ever received: I interviewed with a reporter when I was first starting out in Chicago. And then many years later, I saw the same reporter.


And she said to me, “You know what? You really haven’t changed. You’ve just become more of yourself.” And that is really what we’re all trying to do, become more of ourselves.


And I believe that there’s a lesson in almost everything that you do and every experience, and getting the lesson is how you move forward. It’s how you enrich your spirit. And, trust me, I know that inner wisdom is more precious than wealth. The more you spend it, the more you gain.


동의어/반의어




So, today, I just want to share a few lessons—meaning three—that I’ve learned in my journey so far. And aren’t you glad? Don’t you hate it when somebody says, “I’m going to share a few,” and it’s 10 lessons later? And, you’re like, “Listen, this is my graduation. This is not about you.” So, it’s only going to be three. The three lessons that have had the greatest impact on my life have to do with feelings, with failure and with finding happiness. A year after I left college, I was given the opportunity to co-anchor the 6 o’clock news in Baltimore, because the whole goal in the media at the time I was coming up was you try to move to larger markets. And Baltimore was a much larger market than Nashville. So, getting the 6 o’clock news co-anchor job at 22 was such a big deal. It felt like the biggest deal in the world at the time. And I was so proud, because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, which is who I had been trying to emulate since the start of my TV career. So, I was 22 years old, making $22,000 a year. And it’s where I met my best friend, Gayle, who was an intern at the same TV station. And once we became friends, we’d say, “Ohmigod, I can’t believe it! You’re making $22,000 and you’re only 22. Imagine when you’re 40 and you’re making $40,000!”


 본문해석+문법분석

So, today, I just want to share a few lessons—meaning three—that I’ve learned in my journey so far. And aren’t you glad? Don’t you hate it when somebody says, “I’m going to share a few,” and it’s 10 lessons later? And, you’re like, “Listen, this is my graduation.


This is not about you.” So, it’s only going to be three. The three lessons that have had the greatest impact on my life have to do with feelings, with failure and with finding happiness.


A year after I left college, I was given the opportunity to co-anchor the 6 o’clock news in Baltimore, because the whole goal in the media at the time I was coming up was you try to move to larger markets. And Baltimore was a much larger market than Nashville.


So, getting the 6 o’clock news co-anchor job at 22 was such a big deal. It felt like the biggest deal in the world at the time. And I was so proud, because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, which is who I had been trying to emulate since the start of my TV career.


So, I was 22 years old, making $22,000 a year. And it’s where I met my best friend, Gayle, who was an intern at the same TV station. And once we became friends, we’d say, “Ohmigod, I can’t believe it! You’re making $22,000 and you’re only 22. Imagine when you’re 40 and you’re making $40,000!”


동의어/반의어




When I turned 40, I was so glad that didn’t happen.

So, here I am, 22, making $22,000 a year and, yet, it didn’t feel right. It didn’t feel right. The first sign, as President Hennessy was saying, was when they tried to change my name. The news director said to me at the time, “Nobody’s going to remember Oprah. So, we want to change your name. We’ve come up with a name we think that people will remember and people will like. It’s a friendly name: Suzie.” Hi, Suzie. Very friendly. You can’t be angry with Suzie. Remember Suzie. But my name wasn’t Suzie. And, you know, I’d grown up not really loving my name, because when you’re looking for your little name on the lunch boxes and the license plate tags, you’re never going to find Oprah.

So, I grew up not loving the name, but once I was asked to change it, I thought, well, it is my name and do I look like a Suzie to you? So, I thought, no, it doesn’t feel right. I’m not going to change my name. And if people remember it or not, that’s OK.


 본문해석+문법분석

When I turned 40, I was so glad that didn’t happen.

So, here I am, 22, making $22,000 a year and, yet, it didn’t feel right. It didn’t feel right.


The first sign, as President Hennessy was saying, was when they tried to change my name. The news director said to me at the time, “Nobody’s going to remember Oprah. So, we want to change your name. We’ve come up with a name we think that people will remember and people will like.


It’s a friendly name: Suzie.” Hi, Suzie. Very friendly. You can’t be angry with Suzie. Remember Suzie. But my name wasn’t Suzie. And, you know, I’d grown up not really loving my name, because when you’re looking for your little name on the lunch boxes and the license plate tags, you’re never going to find Oprah.


So, I grew up not loving the name, but once I was asked to change it, I thought, well, it is my name and do I look like a Suzie to you? So, I thought, no, it doesn’t feel right. I’m not going to change my name. And if people remember it or not, that’s OK.


동의어/반의어






And then they said they didn’t like the way I looked. This was in 1976, when your boss could call you in and say, “I don’t like the way you look.” Now that would be called a lawsuit, but back then they could just say, “I don’t like the way you look.” Which, in case some of you in the back, if you can’t tell, is nothing like Barbara Walters. So, they sent me to a salon where they gave me a perm, and after a few days all my hair fell out and I had to shave my head. And then they really didn’t like the way I looked.

Because now I am black and bald and sitting on TV. Not a pretty picture. But even worse than being bald, I really hated, hated, hated being sent to report on other people’s tragedies as a part of my daily duty, knowing that I was just expected to observe, when everything in my instinct told me that I should be doing something, I should be lending a hand.


 본문해석+문법분석

And then they said they didn’t like the way I looked. This was in 1976, when your boss could call you in and say, “I don’t like the way you look.”


Now that would be called a lawsuit, but back then they could just say, “I don’t like the way you look.” Which, in case some of you in the back, if you can’t tell, is nothing like Barbara Walters.


So, they sent me to a salon where they gave me a perm, and after a few days all my hair fell out and I had to shave my head. And then they really didn’t like the way I looked.


Because now I am black and bald and sitting on TV. Not a pretty picture. But even worse than being bald, I really hated, hated, hated being sent to report on other people’s tragedies as a part of my daily duty, knowing that I was just expected to observe, when everything in my instinct told me that I should be doing something, I should be lending a hand.


동의어/반의어




So, as President Hennessy said, I’d cover a fire and then I’d go back and I’d try to give the victims blankets. And I wouldn’t be able to sleep at night because of all the things I was covering during the day.

And, meanwhile, I was trying to sit gracefully like Barbara and make myself talk like Barbara. And I thought, well, I could make a pretty goofy Barbara. And if I could figure out how to be myself, I could be a pretty good Oprah. I was trying to sound elegant like Barbara. And sometimes I didn’t read my copy, because something inside me said, this should be spontaneous. So, I wanted to get the news as I was giving it to the people. So, sometimes, I wouldn’t read my copy and it would be, like, six people on a pileup on I-40. Oh, my goodness. And sometimes I wouldn’t read the copy—because I wanted to be spontaneous—and I’d come across a list of words I didn’t know and I’d mispronounce. And one day I was reading copy and I called Canada “ca nada.” And I decided, this Barbara thing’s not going too well. I should try being myself.

But at the same time, my dad was saying, “Oprah Gail, this is an opportunity of a lifetime. You better keep that job.” And my boss was saying, “This is the nightly news. You’re an anchor, not a social worker. Just do your job.”


 본문해석+문법분석

So, as President Hennessy said, I’d cover a fire and then I’d go back and I’d try to give the victims blankets. And I wouldn’t be able to sleep at night because of all the things I was covering during the day.


And, meanwhile, I was trying to sit gracefully like Barbara and make myself talk like Barbara. And I thought, well, I could make a pretty goofy Barbara. And if I could figure out how to be myself, I could be a pretty good Oprah.


I was trying to sound elegant like Barbara. And sometimes I didn’t read my copy, because something inside me said, this should be spontaneous. So, I wanted to get the news as I was giving it to the people.


So, sometimes, I wouldn’t read my copy and it would be, like, six people on a pileup on I-40. Oh, my goodness. And sometimes I wouldn’t read the copy—because I wanted to be spontaneous—and I’d come across a list of words I didn’t know and I’d mispronounce.


And one day I was reading copy and I called Canada “ca nada.” And I decided, this Barbara thing’s not going too well. I should try being myself.


But at the same time, my dad was saying, “Oprah Gail, this is an opportunity of a lifetime. You better keep that job.” And my boss was saying, “This is the nightly news. You’re an anchor, not a social worker. Just do your job.”


동의어/반의어




So, I was juggling these messages of expectation and obligation and feeling really miserable with myself. I’d go home at night and fill up my journals, ’cause I’ve kept a journal since I was 15—so I now have volumes of journals. So, I’d go home at night and fill up my journals about how miserable I was and frustrated. Then I’d eat my anxiety. That’s where I learned that habit. And after eight months, I lost that job. They said I was too emotional. I was too much. But since they didn’t want to pay out the contract, they put me on a talk show in Baltimore. And the moment I sat down on that show, the moment I did, I felt like I’d come home. I realized that TV could be more than just a playground, but a platform for service, for helping other people lift their lives. And the moment I sat down, doing that talk show, it felt like breathing. It felt right. And that’s where everything that followed for me began.

And I got that lesson. When you’re doing the work you’re meant to do, it feels right and every day is a bonus, regardless of what you’re getting paid.


 본문해석+문법분석

So, I was juggling these messages of expectation and obligation and feeling really miserable with myself. I’d go home at night and fill up my journals, ’cause I’ve kept a journal since I was 15—so I now have volumes of journals.


So, I’d go home at night and fill up my journals about how miserable I was and frustrated. Then I’d eat my anxiety. That’s where I learned that habit. And after eight months, I lost that job.


They said I was too emotional. I was too much. But since they didn’t want to pay out the contract, they put me on a talk show in Baltimore. And the moment I sat down on that show, the moment I did, I felt like I’d come home.


I realized that TV could be more than just a playground, but a platform for service, for helping other people lift their lives. And the moment I sat down, doing that talk show, it felt like breathing. It felt right. And that’s where everything that followed for me began.


And I got that lesson. When you’re doing the work you’re meant to do, it feels right and every day is a bonus, regardless of what you’re getting paid.


동의어/반의어




It’s true. And how do you know when you’re doing something right? How do you know that? It feels so. What I know now is that feelings are really your GPS system for life. When you’re supposed to do something or not supposed to do something, your emotional guidance system lets you know. The trick is to learn to check your ego at the door and start checking your gut instead. Every right decision I’ve made—every right decision I’ve ever made—has come from my gut. And every wrong decision I’ve ever made was a result of me not listening to the greater voice of myself. If it doesn’t feel right, don’t do it. That’s the lesson. And that lesson alone will save you, my friends, a lot of grief. Even doubt means don’t. This is what I’ve learned. There are many times when you don’t know what to do. When you don’t know what to do, get still, get very still, until you do know what to do. And when you do get still and let your internal motivation be the driver, not only will your personal life improve, but you will gain a competitive edge in the working world as well. Because, as Daniel Pink writes in his best-seller, A Whole New Mind, we’re entering a whole new age. And he calls it the Conceptual Age, where traits that set people apart today are going to come from our hearts—right brain—as well as our heads. It’s no longer just the logical, linear, rules-based thinking that matters, he says. It’s also empathy and joyfulness and purpose, inner traits that have transcendent worth.


 본문해석+문법분석

It’s true. And how do you know when you’re doing something right? How do you know that? It feels so. What I know now is that feelings are really your GPS system for life.


When you’re supposed to do something or not supposed to do something, your emotional guidance system lets you know. The trick is to learn to check your ego at the door and start checking your gut instead.


Every right decision I’ve made—every right decision I’ve ever made—has come from my gut. And every wrong decision I’ve ever made was a result of me not listening to the greater voice of myself.


If it doesn’t feel right, don’t do it. That’s the lesson. And that lesson alone will save you, my friends, a lot of grief. Even doubt means don’t. This is what I’ve learned.


There are many times when you don’t know what to do. When you don’t know what to do, get still, get very still, until you do know what to do. And when you do get still and let your internal motivation be the driver, not only will your personal life improve, but you will gain a competitive edge in the working world as well.


Because, as Daniel Pink writes in his best-seller, A Whole New Mind, we’re entering a whole new age. And he calls it the Conceptual Age, where traits that set people apart today are going to come from our hearts—right brain—as well as our heads.


It’s no longer just the logical, linear, rules-based thinking that matters, he says. It’s also empathy and joyfulness and purpose, inner traits that have transcendent worth.


동의어/반의어





These qualities bloom when we’re doing what we love, when we’re involving the wholeness of ourselves in our work, both our expertise and our emotion. So, I say to you, forget about the fast lane. If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling. Everybody has one. Trust your heart and success will come to you. So, how do I define success? Let me tell you, money’s pretty nice. I’m not going to stand up here and tell you that it’s not about money, ’cause money is very nice. I like money. It’s good for buying things. But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person. What you want is money and meaning. You want your work to be meaningful. Because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life. What you really want is to be surrounded by people you trust and treasure and by people who cherish you. That’s when you’re really rich. So, lesson one, follow your feelings. If it feels right, move forward. If it doesn’t feel right, don’t do it.

Now I want to talk a little bit about failings, because nobody’s journey is seamless or smooth. We all stumble. We all have setbacks. If things go wrong, you hit a dead end—as you will—it’s just life’s way of saying time to change course. So, ask every failure—this is what I do with every failure, every crisis, every difficult time—I say, what is this here to teach me? And as soon as you get the lesson, you get to move on. If you really get the lesson, you pass and you don’t have to repeat the class. If you don’t get the lesson, it shows up wearing another pair of pants—or skirt—to give you some remedial work.


 본문해석+문법분석

These qualities bloom when we’re doing what we love, when we’re involving the wholeness of ourselves in our work, both our expertise and our emotion. So, I say to you, forget about the fast lane. If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling.


Everybody has one. Trust your heart and success will come to you. So, how do I define success? Let me tell you, money’s pretty nice. I’m not going to stand up here and tell you that it’s not about money, ’cause money is very nice. I like money. It’s good for buying things.


But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person. What you want is money and meaning. You want your work to be meaningful. Because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life. What you really want is to be surrounded by people you trust and treasure and by people who cherish you.


That’s when you’re really rich. So, lesson one, follow your feelings. If it feels right, move forward. If it doesn’t feel right, don’t do it.


Now I want to talk a little bit about failings, because nobody’s journey is seamless or smooth. We all stumble. We all have setbacks. If things go wrong, you hit a dead end—as you will—it’s just life’s way of saying time to change course.


So, ask every failure—this is what I do with every failure, every crisis, every difficult time—I say, what is this here to teach me? And as soon as you get the lesson, you get to move on. If you really get the lesson, you pass and you don’t have to repeat the class. If you don’t get the lesson, it shows up wearing another pair of pants—or skirt—to give you some remedial work.


동의어/반의어




My friend Eckhart Tolle, who’s written this wonderful book called A New Earth that’s all about letting the awareness of who you are stimulate everything that you do, he puts it like this: He says, don’t react against a bad situation; merge with that situation instead. And the solution will arise from the challenge. Because surrendering yourself doesn’t mean giving up; it means acting with responsibility. Many of you know that, as President Hennessy said, I started this school in Africa. And I founded the school, where I’m trying to give South African girls a shot at a future like yours—Stanford. And I spent five years making sure that school would be as beautiful as the students. I wanted every girl to feel her worth reflected in her surroundings. So, I checked every blueprint, I picked every pillow. I was looking at the grout in between the bricks. I knew every thread count of the sheets. I chose every girl from the villages, from nine provinces. And yet, last fall, I was faced with a crisis I had never anticipated. I was told that one of the dorm matrons was suspected of sexual abuse.


 본문해석+문법분석

My friend Eckhart Tolle, who’s written this wonderful book called A New Earth that’s all about letting the awareness of who you are stimulate everything that you do, he puts it like this: He says, don’t react against a bad situation; merge with that situation instead.


And the solution will arise from the challenge. Because surrendering yourself doesn’t mean giving up; it means acting with responsibility. Many of you know that, as President Hennessy said, I started this school in Africa. And I founded the school, where I’m trying to give South African girls a shot at a future like yours—Stanford. And I spent five years making sure that school would be as beautiful as the students.


I wanted every girl to feel her worth reflected in her surroundings. So, I checked every blueprint, I picked every pillow. I was looking at the grout in between the bricks. I knew every thread count of the sheets.


I chose every girl from the villages, from nine provinces. And yet, last fall, I was faced with a crisis I had never anticipated. I was told that one of the dorm matrons was suspected of sexual abuse.


동의어/반의어



That was, as you can imagine, devastating news. First, I cried—actually, I sobbed—for about half an hour. And then I said, let’s get to it; that’s all you get, a half an hour. You need to focus on the now, what you need to do now. So, I contacted a child trauma specialist. I put together a team of investigators. I made sure the girls had counseling and support. And Gayle and I got on a plane and flew to South Africa. And the whole time I kept asking that question: What is this here to teach me? And, as difficult as that experience has been, I got a lot of lessons. I understand now the mistakes I made, because I had been paying attention to all of the wrong things. I’d built that school from the outside in, when what really mattered was the inside out. So, it’s a lesson that applies to all of our lives as a whole. What matters most is what’s inside. What matters most is the sense of integrity, of quality and beauty. I got that lesson. And what I know is that the girls came away with something, too. They have emerged from this more resilient and knowing that their voices have power. And their resilience and spirit have given me more than I could ever give to them, which leads me to my final lesson—the one about finding happiness—which we could talk about all day, but I know you have other wacky things to do.


 본문해석+문법분석

That was, as you can imagine, devastating news. First, I cried—actually, I sobbed—for about half an hour. And then I said, let’s get to it; that’s all you get, a half an hour.


You need to focus on the now, what you need to do now. So, I contacted a child trauma specialist. I put together a team of investigators. I made sure the girls had counseling and support.


And Gayle and I got on a plane and flew to South Africa. And the whole time I kept asking that question: What is this here to teach me? And, as difficult as that experience has been, I got a lot of lessons.


I understand now the mistakes I made, because I had been paying attention to all of the wrong things. I’d built that school from the outside in, when what really mattered was the inside out.


So, it’s a lesson that applies to all of our lives as a whole. What matters most is what’s inside. What matters most is the sense of integrity, of quality and beauty. I got that lesson. And what I know is that the girls came away with something, too.


They have emerged from this more resilient and knowing that their voices have power. And their resilience and spirit have given me more than I could ever give to them, which leads me to my final lesson—the one about finding happiness—which we could talk about all day, but I know you have other wacky things to do.


동의어/반의어





Not a small topic this is, finding happiness. But in some ways I think it’s the simplest of all. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote a poem for her children. It’s called “Speech to the Young : Speech to the Progress-Toward.” And she says at the end, “Live not for battles won. / Live not for the-end-of-the-song. / Live in the along.” She’s saying, like Eckhart Tolle, that you have to live for the present. You have to be in the moment. Whatever has happened to you in your past has no power over this present moment, because life is now. But I think she’s also saying, be a part of something. Don’t live for yourself alone. This is what I know for sure: In order to be truly happy, you must live along with and you have to stand for something larger than yourself. Because life is a reciprocal exchange. To move forward you have to give back. And to me, that is the greatest lesson of life. To be happy, you have to give something back. I know you know that, because that’s a lesson that’s woven into the very fabric of this university. It’s a lesson that Jane and Leland Stanford got and one they’ve bequeathed to you. Because all of you know the story of how this great school came to be, how the Stanfords lost their only child to typhoid at the age of 15. They had every right and they had every reason to turn their backs against the world at that time, but instead, they channeled their grief and their pain into an act of grace. Within a year of their son’s death, they had made the founding grant for this great school, pledging to do for other people’s children what they were not able to do for their own boy.


 본문해석+문법분석

Not a small topic this is, finding happiness. But in some ways I think it’s the simplest of all. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote a poem for her children.


It’s called “Speech to the Young : Speech to the Progress-Toward.” And she says at the end, “Live not for battles won. / Live not for the-end-of-the-song. / Live in the along.” She’s saying, like Eckhart Tolle, that you have to live for the present.


You have to be in the moment. Whatever has happened to you in your past has no power over this present moment, because life is now. But I think she’s also saying, be a part of something. Don’t live for yourself alone.


This is what I know for sure: In order to be truly happy, you must live along with and you have to stand for something larger than yourself. Because life is a reciprocal exchange. To move forward you have to give back.


And to me, that is the greatest lesson of life. To be happy, you have to give something back. I know you know that, because that’s a lesson that’s woven into the very fabric of this university.


It’s a lesson that Jane and Leland Stanford got and one they’ve bequeathed to you. Because all of you know the story of how this great school came to be, how the Stanfords lost their only child to typhoid at the age of 15.


They had every right and they had every reason to turn their backs against the world at that time, but instead, they channeled their grief and their pain into an act of grace.


Within a year of their son’s death, they had made the founding grant for this great school, pledging to do for other people’s children what they were not able to do for their own boy.


동의어/반의어




The lesson here is clear, and that is, if you’re hurting, you need to help somebody ease their hurt. If you’re in pain, help somebody else’s pain. And when you’re in a mess, you get yourself out of the mess helping somebody out of theirs. And in the process, you get to become a member of what I call the greatest fellowship of all, the sorority of compassion and the fraternity of service. The Stanfords had suffered the worst thing any mom and dad can ever endure, yet they understood that helping others is the way we help ourselves. And this wisdom is increasingly supported by scientific and sociological research. It’s no longer just woo-woo soft-skills talk. There’s actually a helper’s high, a spiritual surge you gain from serving others. So, if you want to feel good, you have to go out and do some good. But when you do good, I hope you strive for more than just the good feeling that service provides, because I know this for sure, that doing good actually makes you better. So, whatever field you choose, if you operate from the paradigm of service, I know your life will have more value and you will be happy. I was always happy doing my talk show, but that happiness reached a depth of fulfillment, of joy, that I really can’t describe to you or measure when I stopped just being on TV and looking at TV as a job and decided to use television, to use it and not have it use me, to use it as a platform to serve my viewers. That alone changed the trajectory of my success.


 본문해석+문법분석

The lesson here is clear, and that is, if you’re hurting, you need to help somebody ease their hurt. If you’re in pain, help somebody else’s pain. And when you’re in a mess, you get yourself out of the mess helping somebody out of theirs.


And in the process, you get to become a member of what I call the greatest fellowship of all, the sorority of compassion and the fraternity of service. The Stanfords had suffered the worst thing any mom and dad can ever endure, yet they understood that helping others is the way we help ourselves.


And this wisdom is increasingly supported by scientific and sociological research. It’s no longer just woo-woo soft-skills talk. There’s actually a helper’s high, a spiritual surge you gain from serving others.


So, if you want to feel good, you have to go out and do some good. But when you do good, I hope you strive for more than just the good feeling that service provides, because I know this for sure, that doing good actually makes you better.


So, whatever field you choose, if you operate from the paradigm of service, I know your life will have more value and you will be happy.


I was always happy doing my talk show, but that happiness reached a depth of fulfillment, of joy, that I really can’t describe to you or measure when I stopped just being on TV and looking at TV as a job and decided to use television, to use it and not have it use me, to use it as a platform to serve my viewers. That alone changed the trajectory of my success.


동의어/반의어




So, I know this—that whether you’re an actor, you offer your talent in the way that most inspires art. If you’re an anatomist, you look at your gift as knowledge and service to healing. Whether you’ve been called, as so many of you here today getting doctorates and other degrees, to the professions of business, law, engineering, humanities, science, medicine, if you choose to offer your skills and talent in service, when you choose the paradigm of service, looking at life through that paradigm, it turns everything you do from a job into a gift. And I know you haven’t spent all this time at Stanford just to go out and get a job. You’ve been enriched in countless ways. There’s no better way to make your mark on the world and to share that abundance with others. My constant prayer for myself is to be used in service for the greater good.

So, let me end with one of my favorite quotes from Martin Luther King. Dr. King said, “Not everybody can be famous.” And I don’t know, but everybody today seems to want to be famous.

But fame is a trip. People follow you to the bathroom, listen to you pee. It’s just—try to pee quietly. It doesn’t matter, they come out and say, “Ohmigod, it’s you. You peed.”

That’s the fame trip, so I don’t know if you want that.


 본문해석+문법분석

So, I know this—that whether you’re an actor, you offer your talent in the way that most inspires art. If you’re an anatomist, you look at your gift as knowledge and service to healing.


Whether you’ve been called, as so many of you here today getting doctorates and other degrees, to the professions of business, law, engineering, humanities, science, medicine, if you choose to offer your skills and talent in service, when you choose the paradigm of service, looking at life through that paradigm, it turns everything you do from a job into a gift.


And I know you haven’t spent all this time at Stanford just to go out and get a job. You’ve been enriched in countless ways. There’s no better way to make your mark on the world and to share that abundance with others. My constant prayer for myself is to be used in service for the greater good.


So, let me end with one of my favorite quotes from Martin Luther King. Dr. King said, “Not everybody can be famous.” And I don’t know, but everybody today seems to want to be famous.


But fame is a trip. People follow you to the bathroom, listen to you pee. It’s just—try to pee quietly. It doesn’t matter, they come out and say, “Ohmigod, it’s you. You peed.”

That’s the fame trip, so I don’t know if you want that.


동의어/반의어




So, Dr. King said, “Not everybody can be famous. But everybody can be great, because greatness is determined by service.” Those of you who are history scholars may know the rest of that passage. He said, “You don’t have to have a college degree to serve. You don’t have to make your subject and verb agree to serve. You don’t have to know about Plato or Aristotle to serve. You don’t have to know Einstein’s theory of relativity to serve. You don’t have to know the second theory of thermodynamics in physics to serve. You only need a heart full of grace and a soul generated by love.”

In a few moments, you’ll all be officially Stanford’s ’08.


 본문해석+문법분석

So, Dr. King said, “Not everybody can be famous. But everybody can be great, because greatness is determined by service.” Those of you who are history scholars may know the rest of that passage.


He said, “You don’t have to have a college degree to serve. You don’t have to make your subject and verb agree to serve. You don’t have to know about Plato or Aristotle to serve.


You don’t have to know Einstein’s theory of relativity to serve. You don’t have to know the second theory of thermodynamics in physics to serve. You only need a heart full of grace and a soul generated by love.”

In a few moments, you’ll all be officially Stanford’s ’08.


동의어/반의어





You have the heart and the smarts to go with it. And it’s up to you to decide, really, where will you now use those gifts? You’ve got the diploma, so go out and get the lessons, ’cause I know great things are sure to come.

You know, I’ve always believed that everything is better when you share it, so before I go, I wanted to share a graduation gift with you. Underneath your seats you’ll find two of my favorite books. Eckhart Tolle’s A New Earth is my current book club selection. Our New Earth webcast has been downloaded 30 million times with that book. And Daniel Pink’s A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future has reassured me I’m in the right direction.

I really wanted to give you cars but I just couldn’t pull that off! Congratulations, ’08!

Thank you. Thank you.


 본문해석+문법분석

You have the heart and the smarts to go with it. And it’s up to you to decide, really, where will you now use those gifts? You’ve got the diploma, so go out and get the lessons, ’cause I know great things are sure to come.


You know, I’ve always believed that everything is better when you share it, so before I go, I wanted to share a graduation gift with you. Underneath your seats you’ll find two of my favorite books. Eckhart Tolle’s A New Earth is my current book club selection.


Our New Earth webcast has been downloaded 30 million times with that book. And Daniel Pink’s A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future has reassured me I’m in the right direction. I really wanted to give you cars but I just couldn’t pull that off! Congratulations, ’08! Thank you. Thank you.



동의어/반의어




반응형
반응형

교재를 구입하실 수 있습니다.

Stanford Report, June 14, 2005

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says.

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

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[본문해석+문법분석] Stanford Report, June 14, 2005

- 2004년 6월 14일자 스탠포드 대학 뉴스 / (According to) Stanford Report (on) June 14th, (in) 2005.

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says.

- ‘여러분들은 자신이 좋아하는 것을 찾아야만 합니다.’ 잡스는 주장합니다. / You've got to[=You have to(must):~해야만 한다] what you love[목적어: 여러분이 좋아하는 것]

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

- 이 연설문은 2005년 6월 12일 애플컴퓨터와  픽사 애니메시션 스튜디오의 최고 경영자인 스티브 잡스가 스탠포드대학 졸업식장에서 연설한 원고입니다. / This[이 원고를=This manuscript] is a prepared text[준비된 글] of the Commencement address[졸업식 연설] (which was) delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO[동격] /

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[단어분석] †commencement [kəménsmənt] n. U,C ① 시작, 개시; 착수. ② (the ∼) (대학 따위의) 졸업식 (행사 기간); (Cambridge, Dublin 및 미국 여러 대학의) 학위 수여식[일]. / ‡deliver [dilívər] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+부/ +목+전+명』 인도하다, 교부하다(up; over; to; into). ② (물품·편지를) 배달[송달]하다. ③ (전언(傳言) 따위를) 전하다; (의견을) 말하다; (연설을) 하다.

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[동의어/반의어] commencement n. beginning[bigíniŋ], birth[bəːrɵ], creation[kriːéiʃən], dawn[dɔːn]새벽, genesis[ʤénəsis]발생, 기원 창세기, start[stɑːrt], graduation[græ̀ʤuéiʃən], initiation[inìʃiéiʃən]착수, 비법전수, 입회식  ant.  end[end]


I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

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[본문해석+문법분석] I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. - 저는 세계적으로 가장 유수한 대학 중 한 곳에서 여러분의 졸업식에 참여하는 것이 영광입니다. / I am honored[수동태: ~한 영광을 받다] / one of + 복수명사[유수한 대학 중 한곳]

I never graduated from college. - 저는 대학을 졸업하지 못했습니다. / graduate from[자동사: ~을 졸업하다]

Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. - 사실, 이번이 대학졸업식에 가장 가까이 있는 것입니다. / Truth be told=As truth should be told=Truly speaking / this is the closest[최상급: 이번이 가장 가까운 곳] / get to[~에 도달하다]  / I've ever gotten to[현재완료: 지금껏 도달했던 것 중]

Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. - 오늘 저는 여러분들에게 제 인생에서 터득한 3개의 이야기를 여러분에게 들려줄까 합니다. / three stories (which have been experienced) from my life[인생에서 경험한 3가지 이야기]

That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. - 그것이 전부입니다. 굉장한 것도 아니며, 단지 3가지 이야기뿐입니다.

The first story is about connecting the dots. - 그 첫 번째 이야기는 점과 연결된 것에 관한 것입니다. / is about[전치사]+~ing[connecting~연결에 관한 것]

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? - 저는 첫 학기 6개월 만에 리드대학을 중퇴했습니다. 완전히 그만두기 전, 18개월 쯤 중퇴자르 방황하였습니다. 그럼 왜 제가 중퇴했을까요? / drop out[~을 중퇴하다] / stay around[배회하다, 방황하다] / as[전치사: ~로써] another 18 months or so[또 다른 18개월 쯤]

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[단어분석] ⁂honor, 【영국】 -our [ɑ́nər / ɔ́n-] vt. ① 존경[존중]하다(respect), ┅에게 경의를 표하다. ② 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ┅에게 명예를 주다; ┅에게 영광을 주다(with); ┅에게 수여하다(with). / ‡deal [diːl] n. ① (구어) (상업상(上)의) 거래; 관계. ② 타협, 협정(종종 비밀 또는 부정한). ③ (구어) 취급, 대우. /

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[동의어/반의어] graduate n. alumna[əlʌ́mnə] n.  (pl. -nae [-niː]) 【L.】 (주로 미국) =ALUMNUS의 여성형., / alumnus[əlʌ́mnəs] n.  (pl. -ni [-nai]) 【L.】 학생; 【미국】 (특히 대학의) (남자) 졸업생, 동창생, / bachelor[bǽtʃələr] n. ① 미혼[독신] 남자. [cf.] spinster. ② 학사. [cf.] master. v.  calibrate[kǽləbrèit] vt. ① (계기의) 눈금을 빠르게 조정하다; 기초화하다; (온도계·계량 컵 등에) 눈금을 긋다., / grade[greid] v. ―vt. ① 등급[격]을 매기다, 유별하다, (달걀 등을) 골라 가려내다. ② (답안 등을) 채점하다. / measure[méʒəːr]v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 재다, 계량[측정, 측량]하다, ┅의 치수를 재다. ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (비교하여) ┅을 판단하다, 평가하다; 유심히 보다; ┅을 비교하다, 겨루게 하다.


It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

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[본문해석+문법분석] It started before I was born. - 그것은 제가 태어나기 전에 시작되었습니다. / It[=adoption양자를 삼는 일] / before[시간의 부사절:~하기 전]

My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. - 저의 생물학적 어머니는 젊고 미혼인 대학생이어서 저를 양자로 보내기로 했습니다. / biological mother[생모] / decide to do[to부정사를 목적어로 취함: ~하기로 결심하다] / put me[대명사] up to[나를 양자로 보낼 것을 알리다]

She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. - 그녀는 제가 대학졸업생 부모에게 양자로 가야만한다고 집착하여서 모든 것이 태어날 때 한 변호사부부에게 이미 가기로 결정되었습니다. / felt very strongly that[~에 강하게 느끼다. 집착하다로 해석함] / should[조동사로 의무: ~해야만 하다] / everything was all set[모든 것이 준비되었다] / 주어가 everything이므로 to be adopted[수동태]로 쓰임 by의 의해 수식

Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. - 그것 외에도 내가 태어났을 때, 그들은 마지막 순간에 여자아이를 원한다고 했습니다. / except that[전치사 구나 절: 그것 외에도] / pop out[세상에 나오다] / decide that[절을 받음: 마지막 순간에 마음이 변하다]

So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course."  - 그래서 대기명단에 있던 저희 부모님은 한 밤중에 전화를 받으셨습니다. 저흰 기대하지 않은 남자아이가 태어났어요. 그 아일 원하시나요? 그들은 승낙하였던 것입니다. / who[주격 관계대명사로: 대기 명단에 있던 제 부모(선행사)] / asking[a call을 수식함: ~요구하는 전화]

My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. - 저를 낳은 어머니는 제 어머니가 대학을 다닌 적도 제 아버지가 고등학교를 졸업한 적도 없다는 사실을 나중에야 알았습니다. / later found out that[that이하의 사실을 나중에야 알게 되었다]

She refused to sign the final adoption papers. - 그녀는 마지막 양자서류에 서명을 거절했습니다. / refuse to sign[refuse는 to 부정사인 sign을 목적어로 받음: ~하는 것을 거절하다]

She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. - 몇 달 후 제 부모님이 절 앞으로 대학에 진학시킬 것이라고 약속한 후에야 마음이 풀렸던 것입니다. / only relented when[~했을 때서야 마음이 풀리다]

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[단어분석] unwed, -wedded [ʌnwéd], [-wédid] a. 미혼의(unmarried), 독신의. / †adoption [ədɑ́pʃən, ədɔ́p-] n. U,C 채용, 채택; 양자결연; (입후보자의) 공천; (외래어의) 차용. / put up for 경매에 붙이다, 팔려고 내놓다(for); 공개하다, 전시시키다, 일반에게 보이다. / ‡refuse [rifjúːz] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+목』 (부탁·요구·명령 등을) 거절하다, 거부하다, 물리치다([opp] accept) (여성이) 청혼을 거절하다. ② (제의 등을) 받아들이지 않다, 사절[사퇴]하다. / †relent [rilént] vi. ① 상냥스러워지다, 누그러지다. ② 측은하게 생각하다, 가엾게 여기다(toward; at).

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[동의어/반의어] relent v. give in, relax[rilǽks] v. ―vt. ① a) 늦추다, 완화하다. b) 변통(便通)케 하다. / ‡soften [sɔ́(ː)f-ən, sɑ́f-ən] v. ―vt. ① 부드럽게[연하게]하다. ② ┅의 마음을 누그러지게 하다; (나)약하게 하다. / ‡submit [səbmít] v.  (-tt-) ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』 「재귀용법으로」 복종시키다, 따르게 하다(to). ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 제출하다. / yield [jiːld] v. ―vi. ① 생기게 하다, 산출(産出)하다(produce); (이익 따위를) 가져오다. [SYN.] ⇨ CROP. ② 『∼+목/+목+전+명/+목+부/+목+목』 양보[양도]하다, 굴복하다, 명도하다; 주다; 포기하다(종종 up). [SYN.] ⇨ SURRENDER.


동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/Ev7EdbBwedw


And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

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[본문해석+문법분석] And 17 years later I did go to college. - 그리고 17년이 지나 저는 대학에 정말로 갔습니다. / did[강조용법: I really went 약속을 지킴]

But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. - 그러나 저는 스탠포드처럼 거의 비싼 대학을 섣불리 선택했습니다. 그리고 저의 맞벌이 부모님의 저축 모두는 제 대학등록금으로 쓰이고 있었습니다. / a college that[관계대명사: ~한 대학] / as expensive[동급비교: 형용사] as[~처럼 비싼 등록금의] / all of[~의 모든] / parents'[복수형으로 끝날 경우 소유격은 ‘만 붙임] / were being spent[과거 수동진행형: 쓰이고 있었다]

After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. - 6개월 후, 저는 대학에서의 가치를 찾을 수가 없었습니다. 저는 제 인생에서 무얼 하고 싶은지 대학이 제가 인생을 이해하는데 도움을 줄까에 회의를 느꼈습니다. / the value in it[=college 대학에서의 가치] / had no idea[몰랐다] / figure it[=my life] out[내 인생을 이해하다]

And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. - 그리고 이곳 대학에서 저는 제 부모님이 그들이 평생 모아둔 돈을 낭비하고 있었습니다. / here[=at the college 이곳과 같은 대학] / was spending[과거 진행형: 낭비하고 있었다] / all the money (which/that)[목적격 관계대명사, saved의 목적어는 선행사인 all of the money임] (during) their entire life[평생 동안]

So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. - 그래서 저는 중퇴를 결심했고 이 모든 것이 잘될 것이라 믿었습니다. 그 당시엔 아주 무서웠습니다만 그때를 돌이켜보면 제가 내린 결정 중 최고의 것 중 하나였습니다. / I decided to drop out and (decided to) trust / would[will의 과거로 시제의 일치] / work out OK[일이 잘되다] at the time[그 당시에] / looking back[동명사로 주어:~과거를 돌이켜 보는 것은] / one of the best decisions[복수명사: 최고의 선택 중 하나] (that/which) I ever made[제가 지금껏 내린 최고의 결정]

The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. - 제가 중태를 하는 순간 저는 흥미 없는 과목을 수강할 필요가 없었고 흥미롭게 보이는 과목들을 잠시 듣기 시작했습니다.

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[단어분석] naive, naïve [nɑːíːv] a. 【F.】 천진난만한, 순진한, 때묻지 않은, 소박한, 고지식한; 우직한, 잘속는; 미경험의; 특정 실험[투약]을 받은 적이 없는. / ‡trust [trʌst] v. ―vt. ① 신뢰하다, 신용[신임]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ RELY. ② 『+목+to do/ +목+전+명』 안심하고 ┅시켜 두다; 능히 ┅하리라 생각하다. ㉺∼ly ―ad. / ⁂minute [mínit] n. ① (시간의) 분. ② 잠깐 동안, 잠시; 순간(moment); (the ∼) 현재; 1분간에 나아가는 거리. ③ 각서(note), 메모; (간단한) 초고(草稿); (pl.) 의사록(∼ book). ④ (각도의) 분(∼ of arc). / ♣drop in ⑴ 잠깐 들르다; 불시에 방문하다(on; at). ⑵ 우연히 만나다(across; on; with): ∼ in with a friend 불시에 친구를 만나다. ⑶ (한 사람씩) 들어오다. ⑷ (물건을) 속에 넣다, 떨어뜨리다: He∼ped in some coins and dialed. 그는 전화기에 동전을 몇 개 넣고 다이얼을 돌렸다.

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[동의어/반의어] naive a. ingenuous[indʒénjuːəs], innocent[ínəsnt], unsophisticated[ʌ̀nsəfístəkèitid], credulous[krédʒələs], gullible[gʌ́ləbəl], trusting[trʌ́stiŋ], unsuspecting[ʌ̀nsəspéktiŋ]  ant.  wise[waiz]  suspicious[səspíʃəs]


It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

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[본문해석+문법분석] It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. - 그것은 꼭 낭만적인 것만은 아니었습니다. 저는 기숙사 방이 없었습니다. 그래서 친구들 집 바닥에서 잠을 잤습니다. 저는 음식을 사기위해 5센트가 적립되어있는 콜라병을 가져다주고 해어 크리쉬마 사원에서 매주 한 번의 맛있는 음식을 얻기 위해 일요일 밤마다 마을을 가로질러 7마일을 걷곤 했습니다. 저는 이것이 좋았습니다. / wasn't all[부분부정: 꼭 ~한 것만은 아니었다] / coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits[5센트가 적립되어 있는 콜라병] / to buy food with[전치사 with의 목적어는 the 5¢ deposits] / would[과거에 ~하곤 했다]

 And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: - 그리고 저의 호기심과 직관력에 의해 제가 좌절했던 많은 것들은 이후 아주 귀중한 것으로 입증되었습니다. 제가 한 예를 드리겠습니다. / much of + what[불가산 명사] ~ into[목적어는 what] / by[수단을 나타내는 전치사] / turned out to[~로 입증되다]

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[단어분석] dorm [dɔːrm] n. (구어) =DORMITORY 기숙사 / ‡stumble [stʌ́mb-əl] v. ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 (실족하여) 넘어지다, 곱드러지다(at; over). ② 『+전+명』 마주치다, 우연히 만나다(across; on, upon). ③ 『∼+부/ +전+명』 비틀거리다, 비틀거리며 걷다(along). / ‡curiosity [kjùəriɑ́səti / -ɔ́sə-] n. ① U 호기심, 캐기 좋아하는 마음; 진기함. / †intuition [ìntjuíʃən] n. U 직각(直覺), 직관(력); 직관적 통찰; 직관적 지식[사실]. / †priceless [práislis] a. ① 대단히 귀중한, 돈으로 살 수 없는. [SYN.] ⇨ VALUABLE. ② (구어) 아주 걸작인 [재미있는, 어이 없는], 아주 별난.

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[동의어/반의어] priceless a. costly[kɔ́ːstli], expensive[ikspénsiv], inestimable[inéstəməbəl], invaluable[invǽljuəbəl], precious[préʃəs]  ant.  worthless[wə́ːrɵlis]


Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

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[본문해석+문법분석] Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. - 그 당시 리드대학은 미국에서 아마도 가장 권위 있는 서예 강좌를 개설하고 있었습니다. / at that time[그 당시] / offered[=provided제공하다]

Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. - 캠퍼스 어디든 포스터와 서랍 위에 라벨 모두 아름다운 붓글씨로 써져 있었습니다. / throughout[내내, ~의 도처에] / every+단수명사

Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. - 왜냐하면 저는 중퇴하였고 일반강의를 수강할 필요가 없었기 때문에, 저는 이것이 어떻게 되는지를 알기 위해서 서예 강좌를 수강하기로 결정했습니다. / had dropped[과거와료: 더 이전에 일어난 사실] / didn't have to[=didn't need to: ~할 필요가 없었다] / decided to take[decided는 to부정사를 목적어로 취함]

I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. - 저는 세리프와 산 세리프 서체에 관해서, 다른 글자 조합 사이의 공간의 다양성에 관해서, 그리고 멋진 인쇄술을 위대하게 만드는 것에 관해서 배웠습니다. / learned의 목적어는 about serif ~, about varying, (and) about what

It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. - 그것은 과학이 이해할 수 없는 방식에서 아름답고, 역사적이고, 예술적인 미묘한 것이어서 저는 이것의 매력에 빠졌습니다. / it[=calligraphy] / in a way that[관계대명사: capture의 목적어인 a way를 수식] / found it[목적어] fascinating[목적격 보어] 5형식 문장

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[단어분석]

calligraphy [kəlígrəfi] n. U ① 달필. [opp.] cacography. ② 서도, 서예. ③ 필적. / serif, seriph [sérif] n. 〖인쇄〗 세리프(H, I 따위의 활자에서 볼 수 있는 상하의 가는 선). / typeface [táipfèis] n. 활자의 자면(字面); 인쇄면; (활자) 서체, 체. / ‡vary [vɛ́əri] v. ―vt. ① ┅에 변화를 주다[가하다], 다양하게 하다. ② 변경하다, 수정하다, 바꾸다(change). / typography [taipɑ́grəfi / -pɔ́g-] n. U 활판 인쇄, 활판술; 조판; 인쇄의 체재, 타이포그래피. / ‡subtle [sʌ́tl] a.  (subtler; -tlest) ① 미묘한, 포착하기 힘든, 난해한. ② 엷은, 희박한, 희미한. ③ (지각·감각 등이) 예민한, 명민한; (두뇌 등이) 명석한, 회전이 빠른. ④ 교활한, 음흉한.

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[동의어/반의어]

subtle a. elusive[ilúːsiv], implied[impláid]암시하는, indirect[ìndirékt]간접적인, insinuated[insínjuèit]은근히 심어준, astute[əstjúːt]기민한, 교활한, discriminating[diskrímənèiti식별하는, keen[kiːn], sophisticated[səfístəkèitid], cunning[kʌ́niŋ], shrewd[ʃruːd], sly[slai], wily[wáili]잔꾀를 쓰는, delicate[délikət], fine[fain], intricate[íntrəkit]

ant.  obvious[ɑ́bviəs], undiscerning[ʌ̀ndisə́ːrniŋ], guileless[gáillis], blatant[bléitənt] 주제넘게 구는


동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/SqhPCyRY5pE


None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

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[본문해석+문법분석] None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. - 이 어떠한 것도 제 인생에 실질적인 응용할 희망을 주진 못했습니다. / None[∼ of+단수(대)명사」 조금도 ┅않다] / any ~ in my life[실생활에 활용]

But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. - 그러나 10년이 지나, 저희가 첫 번째 매킨토쉬 컴퓨터를 디자인하고 있을 때, 이 모든 것이 저에게로 돌아왔습니다. / it all came back to me[이 모든 것이 돌아왔다. 현실에 적용되었음을 의미]

And we designed it all into the Mac. - 그리고 우리는 이 모든 것을 맥 안으로 디자인해 넣었습니다. / designed A[it all] into B[the Mac] : A를 B 안으로 디자인해 넣다.

It was the first computer with beautiful typography. - 그것이 아름다운 인쇄체를 갖은 첫 번째 컴퓨터였습니다.

If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. - 만일 제가 대학에서 그 유일한 과정을 잠시 듣지 못했더라면, 맥은 결코 다양한 인쇄체 또는 균형 잡힌 공간의 글꼴을 갖지 못했을 것입니다. / [가정법 과거완료(과거사실에 반대)] If I had never dropped[had+과거분사] ~, the Mac would have never had[조동사(would, might, could, should)+have+p.p]

And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. - 그리고 윈도우가 단지 맥을 베꼈기 때문에, 어떠한 컴퓨터도 그것들(멋진 인쇄체)을 갖지 못할 것 같습니다. / since[=because] / would[가정법: ~일 것이다] / them[=multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts]

If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. - 만일 제가 중퇴하지 않았더라면, 저는 이 서예 수업을 잠시 듣지도 못했을 뿐더러 개인용 컴퓨터도 그 경이로운 서체를 갖지 못했을 것입니다. / [가정법 과거완료 표현-과거사실에 반대] If I had ~, [가정법 과거-현재 사실에 반대] might not have[혼합가정법] / they do[=have]

Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. - 물론 제가 대학시절엔 점들을 미래와 연결하는 것은 불가능했습니다. / it[가주어] ~ (for me)[의미상의 주어] to connect[진주어] / the dots looking forward[미래를 향햔 점들]

But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. - 그러나 아주 분명했던 것은 10후에 과거로 복귀하고 있었다는 것입니다.

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[단어분석] †multiple [mʌ́ltəp-əl] a. ① 복합의, 복식의; 다수의, 다양한, 복잡한. / †proportional [prəpɔ́ːrʃənəl] a. 〖수학〗 비례의; 균형이 잡힌, 조화된, 비례하는(to). /

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[동의어/반의어] proportional a. balanced[bǽlənst], harmonious[hɑːrmóuniəs], symmetrical, complementary[kɑ̀mpləméntəri]보충하는, consistent[kənsístənt], parallel[pǽrəlèl], proportionate[prəpɔ́ːrʃənit], relative[rélətiv]

ant.  asymmetrical


★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by ⒶSteve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today ①at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, ②this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. ③No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "⑤We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.


1. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?1)

① Unhappy period in youth

② Adoption in the long way

③ Regret as a drop-out

④ Home without affection

⑤ Three stories at the commencement



2. 위 글의 분위기에 어울리는 단어는?2)

① interesting           ② enthusiastic

③ disappointing         ④ gloomy

⑤ indifferent



3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ와 관계가 없는 것은?3)

① An addressor at the graduation ceremony

② A successful entrepreneur

③ A drop-out at the college

④ A adopted son

⑤ A man grown in affluent home



4. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 우리말 해석이 어색한 것은?4)

① 여러분의 졸업식장에서

② 이번이 제가 대학졸업식으로 온 가장 가까운 곳

③ 흥미진진한 이야기

④ 이야기는 제가 태어나기 전부터 시작되었다.

⑤ 반갑지 않은 사내아이가 태어났다.



5. 위 글을 통하여 알 수 없는 사실은?5)

① Who is CEO of Apple Computer?

② How many topics does he present?

③ How was his domestic background?

④ How was his school performance?

⑤ What was his biological mother like?


★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [6~10]

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in ①it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that ②it would all work out OK. ③It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back ④it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

                  Ⓐ                    . I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved ⑤it. And much of what I stumbled into by following             Ⓑ            turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:


6. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?6)

① In the end of wandering something was found for his

   future.

② Education should equally spread to all.

③ Drop-out is sometimes necessary for a genius.

④ Home environment is so important in the childhood.

⑤ Divorce should be prevented as soon as possible.



7. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 각각 가리키는 것이 올바르지 않은 것은?7)

① my college tuition    ② their entire life

③ to drop out          ④ the drop-out

⑤ the wandering time



8. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현은?8)

① It was a good time for change

② It wasn't all romantic

③ I had many good friends

④ I was happy at that time

⑤ The study was too hard to follow school



9. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓑ에 적절한 표현은?9)

① my entertaining journey

② my endless thought

③ my curiosity and intuition

④ my hard study

⑤ my endurance and observation


10. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?10)

① 내가 입학한 대학은 스탠포드처럼 유명한 곳이었다.

② 저의 부모님의 평생 번 돈은 내 학비로 쓰였다.

③ 나는 대학에 대한 가치를 찾을 수 없었다.

④ 나는 대학을 중퇴한 것에 후회하지 않는다.

⑤ 방황 속에서 터득한 경험은 후에 귀중한 것이 되었다.



★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [ 11~15]

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was ①beautifully hand calligraphed.     Ⓐ    I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about ②varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it ③fascinated.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or ④proportionally spaced fonts. And     Ⓑ    Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots ⑤looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.


11. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?11)

① To learn study earlier would be more helpful.

② The Mac would be the most significant computer later

   on.

③ The experiences in the past would be great results.

④ There are many science can't prove in the world.

⑤ Time doesn't wait for a man.


12. 위 글에서 작가의 심정으로 가장 적절한 것은?12)

① desperate            ② satisfied

③ undeterminable       ④ discouraged

⑤ confused


13. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 어색한 것은?13)

①          ②          ③          ④          ⑤


14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ, Ⓑ에 적절한 단어는?14)

① Though     because    ② If         when

③ Because     since      ④ Since      though

⑤ When       now that


15. 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?15)

① 대학들 사이에 서예 강좌의 열풍이 불었다.

② 인쇄체 글꼴은 큰 매력이 없었다.

③ 작가는 과학이 증명할 수 없는 멋에 빠져 있었다.

④ 맥과 윈도우는 각각의 독특한 특성을 갖고 있었다.

⑤ 지은이는 대학시절부터 점과의 연결에 관심이 많았다.


Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

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[본문해석+문법분석] Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. - 다시 말해, 여러분들은 미래로 향하는 점을 연결할 수는 없습니다. 여러분은 과거로 향하는 점만을 연결할 수 있습니다. / the dots (which are) looking forward[미래로 향하는 점들] / them[=the dots] (which are) looking backwards[과거로 향하는 점들]

So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. - 그래서 여러분은 점은 미래와 여하튼 연결될 것이라고 믿어야만 합니다. (확신과 신념을 갖으라는 의미)

You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. - 여러분은 용기, 운명, 인생, 인연, 무엇이든지를 믿어야만 합니다. / whatever[무엇이든]

This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - 이 접근법은 저를 낙담시킨 적도 없고 이것은 제 인생에 모든 것에 영향을 미쳐왔습니다. / this approach[위 문장의 모든 것을 믿는 일] / it[=this approach] / has made all the difference[모든 것에 영향을 미쳐왔다]

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[단어분석] somehow [sʌ́mhàu] ad. ① 어떻게든지 하여, 여하튼, 어쨌든. ② 어쩐지, 웬일인지, 아무래도. / ‡trust [trʌst]  ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 믿다, 신뢰하다(in). ② 『+전+명』 (운수·기억 등에) 의존[의지]하다, 기대하다(to). / gut [gʌt] n. (pl.) (구어) 기운, 용기, 배짱, 끈기, 지구력, 결단력; U (구어) 뻔뻔스러움. / ‡destiny [déstəni] n. ① U,C 운명, 숙명; 운. / karma [kɑ́ːrmə] n. ① 〖힌두교〗 갈마(羯磨), 업(業), 카머; 〖불교〗 인과응보, 업보(業報), 숙명(론); 인연. / ‡approach [əpróutʃ] n. ① U 가까워짐, 접근(of; to); 가까이함. ② C (접근하는) 길, 입구(to); (학문·연구·기능 따위에의) 실마리, 입문, 연구법; (문제 따위의) 다루는 방법, 접근법, 해결 방법. / ♣make a [the] difference ⑴ 차이를 낳다; 차별을 두다(between). ⑵ 효과를 내다, 영향을 미치다; 중요하다(to)

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[동의어/반의어] difference n. contrast[kɑ́ntræst], dissimilarity, distinction[distíŋkʃən], variation[vɛ̀əriéiʃən], deviation[dìːviéiʃən]벗어남, 탈선, discrepancy[diskrépənsi]불일치, disparity[dispǽrəti], divergence[divə́ːrdʒəns], argument[ɑ́ːrgjəmənt], disagreement[dìsəgríːmənt], discord[dískɔːrd],  dispute[dispjúːt], quarrel[kwɔ́ːrəl]싸움, 말다툼

ant.  similarity[sìməlǽrəti], agreement[əgríːmənt]   harmony[hɑ́ːrməni]


My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

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[본문해석+문법분석] My second story is about love and loss. - 저의 두 번째 이야기는 사랑과 실패입니다. / about[전치사: ~에 관한]

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. - 저는 운이 좋았습니다. - 저는 어린나이에 제가 하고 싶었던 것을 찾았습니다. / [목적어인 명사절]what I loved to do[목적어는 what] / early in life[어린 나이에]

 Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. - 우즈와 저는 제 나이 20세 때 저의 부모님 차고에서 애플컴퓨터를 시작했습니다. / Apple[애플 컴퓨터]

We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. - 우리는 열심히 일했고 10년 만에 애플은 차고에서 2명으로 시작하여 4,000명 이상의 직원을 둔 20억 달러의 회사로 성장했습니다. / in[=after~만에] / had grown[과거완료: 성장했다] / from just two of us[단지 우리 두 사람에서] / into[~으로]

We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.

- 우리가 우리의 가장 최신 작품인 매킨토시를 1년 일찍 막 출시하자 저는 곧 30세가 되었습니다. / [29세에 매킨토시를 출시했음을 의미.]

And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started?

- 그리고 나서 저는 해고되었습니다. 당신은 당신이 설립한 회사로부터 해고당할 수 있나요?

Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.

- 글쎄요, 애플사가 성장함에 따라, 우리는 저와 함께 회사를 운영할 아주 재능 있는 사람을 고용했습니다. 그리고 1년쯤 일을 잘 되었습니다.

But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.

- 한편으로는 미래에 대한 우리의 비전은 어긋나기 시작했고 결국 우리는 추락을 했습니다.

When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out.

- 우리가 추락했을 때, 이사진은 그의 편을 들어줬고 저는 30세에 쫓겨났습니다. / did[= had a falling out] / sided with[~편을 들다] / out[=fired]

And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

- 그리고 아주 공개적으로 쫓겨났습니다. 제 모든 성인인생의 초점을 두었던 것이 사라졌고 처참했습니다. / (I was) very publicly out. / [주어]What had been ~ life[제 모든 것을 걸었던 것] was gone[=disappeared] / it[앞의 사실을 말함]

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[단어분석] ⁂loss [lɔ(ː)s / lɑs] n. U ① 잃음, 분실, 상실. ② C 손실, 손해; 손실물[액, 량]. [opp.] gain. ③ 감소, 감손(減損), 줆. ④ 소모, 소비, 낭비(waste). ⑤ 실패, 패배. / ‡garage [gərɑ́ːʒ, -rɑ́ːdʒ / gǽrɑːdʒ, -riʤ] n. (자동차) 차고, 주차장 / †diverge [divə́ːrdʒ, dai-] v. ―vi. ① 갈리다, 분기하다. ② 빗나가다, (진로 등을) 벗어나다(from). ③ (의견 따위가) 갈라지다, 다르다(from). / falling [fɔ́ːliŋ] n. U 낙하, 추락 / devastating [dévəstèitiŋ] a. ① 황폐시키는, 파괴적인, 참화를 가져오는.

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[동의어/반의어] devastating a. calamitous[kəlǽmitəs], cataclysmic, catastrophic, disastrous[dizǽstrəs], ruinous[rúːinəs], desolating[désəleitiŋ], destructive[distrʌ́ktiv], harmful[hɑ́ːrmfəl], crushing[krʌ́ʃiŋ], humiliating[hjuːmílièitiŋ], mortifying[mɔ́ːrtəfaiŋ]̀, overwhelming[òuvərhwélmiŋ]̀

ant.  helpful[hélpfəl], constructive[kənstrʌ́ktiv],   encouraging[enkə́ːridʒiŋ]


I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

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[본문해석+문법분석] I really didn't know what to do for a few months.

- 저는 몇 달 동안 무엇을 해야 할지를 정말 몰랐습니다. / know의 목적어 what do to / for+숫자시간

I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.

- 저는 기업가의 구세대는 끝났고 저에게 이전되고 있었던 경영권을 포기해야겠다고 생각했습니다. / let A down : A를 내려놓다[포기하다] / the baton[지휘권, 경영권] / it[=the baton] was being passed to me[과거 진행형: 나에게 계승되고 있었던 경영권]

I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.

- 저는 데이비드 패커드와 밥 노이스를 만났고 심한 혼란을 가중시킨 것에 사과하려고 노력했습니다. / apologize for A[A를 사과하다] / so badly[심하게]는 screwing up를 수식

I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.

- 저는 공개적인 실패자였고 저는 심지어 이 실리콘벨리를 도망칠까도 생각했습니다. / a failure[a+추상명사=보통명사화 됨: 실패자]

But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.

- 그러나 뭔가가 서서히 저에게 떠오르기 시작했습니다. - 제는 여전히 제가 했던 것에 애착을 갖고 있다는 것을. / loved의 목적어 what I did[내가 했던 것]

The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.

- 애플사에서의 사건의 반전은 조금도 바뀌지 않았습니다. / that[부사: 그 정도로] one bit[조금도]

I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

- 저는 거절당했지만 여전히 열정을 갖고 있었습니다. 그리하여 저는 다시 시작하기로 마음먹었습니다. / had been rejected[거절당했다] / still in love[여전히 정열 속에] / start over[처음부터 다시 시작하다]

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[단어분석] †baton [bətɑ́n, bæ-, bǽtən] n. ① (관직을 나타내는) 지팡이, 사령장(司令狀) / ‡dawn [dɔːn] vi. ① 날이 새다; 밝아지다. ② 『+전+명』 (일이) 점점 분명해지다, (생각이) 떠오르다(on, upon). /

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[동의어/반의어]

dawn n. aurora[ərɔ́ːrə], cockcrow[[kɑk-́kròu], daybreak[déibrèik], daylight [deílàit], morning[mɔ́ːrniŋ], sunrise[sʌ́nràiz], advent[ǽdvent]도래, 출현, beginning[bigíniŋ], emergence[imə́ːrdʒəns]출현, inception[insépʃən]시작

v.  appear[əpíər]출현하다, arise[əráiz], commence[kəméns]시작하다, emerge[imə́ːrdʒ]나오다, unfold[ʌ̀nfóuld]펼치다, dawn on, occur to, strike[straik]

ant.  dusk[dʌsk]땅거미, conclusion[kənklúːʒən]결론, elude[ilúːd]교묘히 피하다


I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

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[본문해석+문법분석] I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.

- 저는 그때 그것[기회]를 보진 못했습니다만 애플사에서 해고당한 것은 저에게 일어날 수도 있었던 최고의 기회였습니다. / it[=chance, 다시 일어서기] / it[가주어] turned out[~가 입증되었다] that[진주어] / could have ever happened to me[나에게도 일어날 수도 있다는 가능성]

The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.

- 성공의 중압감은 모든 것이 덜 확실한 다시 시작하는 초심자의 가벼움으로 바뀌었습니다. / was replaced by[~의해 대체되다] / a beginner, (who was less sure[덜 확실한(부담이 덜한)]

It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

- 그것[초심자의 마음]은 제 인생의 가장 창의적인 시기 중 하나로 저를 이끌었습니다. / freed me to enter[내가 ~로 들어가게 해방시켜 주었다] / one of 복수명사[~ periods]

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[단어분석] ‡successful [səksésfəl] a. 성공한, 좋은 결과의, 잘된; 번창하는; (시험에) 합격한; 크게 히트한, 출세한, (회합 따위가) 성대한. / ‡replace [ripléis] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 제자리에 놓다, 되돌리다. ② ┅에 대체하다.

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[동의어/반의어] successful a. flourishing [flə́ːririʃ], fortunate[fɔ́ːrtʃ-ənit], prosperous[prɑ́spərəs], thriving[ɵráiviŋ], eminent[émənənt]저명한, famous[féiməs], important[impɔ́ːrtənt], notable[nóutəbl-ə], conquering[kɑ́ŋkəriŋ], triumphant[traiʌ́mfənt]승리를 거둔, 성공한, victorious[viktɔ́ːriəs], effective[iféktiv], fruitful[frúːtfəl], productive[prədʌ́ktiv]

ant.  failing[féiliŋ], obscure[əbskjúər], unsuccessful[ʌ̀nsəksésfəl],  futile[fjúːtl, -tail]


★ 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [16~19]

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

My second story is            Ⓐ                 .

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.


16. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?16)

① My difficult start in Apple

② The big failure in business

③ My pleasure and setback

④ The way to cope with any adversities

⑤ Dots only for looking backward



17. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현은?17)

① about success with enthusiasm

② about the beginning of my Apple company

③ about how to create new items for success

④ about making good friends in business

⑤ about love and loss



18. 위 글에 나타난 지은이의 상황과 어울리지 않은 것은?18)

① calamitous           ② catastrophic

③ disastrous           ④ humiliating

⑤ constructive



19. 위 글과 일치하는 것은?19)

① Dots should only be connected with the future.

② The writer puts emphasis on reality in life.

③ For the start the writer would be assisted by many

   good friends.

④ The addressor would be happy with someone who was

   hired for the company.

⑤ After fired, the author didn't care about his situation.



★ 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [20~24]

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs ①down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to ②apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to ③dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been ④rejected, but I was still in love.                                

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, ⑤better sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.


20. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?20)

① And so I decided to start over.

② Something difficult in life delayed me opening the

   new.

③ The love is most important in the world.

④ Being fired is the saddest thing in the business.

⑤ My second start wasn't easy.



21. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?21)

①          ②           ③           ④           ⑤



22. 위 글에 나타나 있는 지은의 상황에 어울리지 않은 것은?

① a failed entrepreneur

② a expected successor

③ a public failure

④ a new beginner

⑤ a past attached generation



23. 위 글로 보아 지은이의 성격으로 가장 적절한 단어는?22)

① arrogant             ② inflexible

③ conventional         ④ creative

⑤ critical



24. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?23)

① 해고된 후, 몇 달 동안 방황을 하였다.

② 그는 곧 경영권 승계를 받을 예정이었다.

③ 자신의 과오를 시인했다.

④ 애플사의 태도는 점차 누그러지고 있었다.

⑤ 훌훌털고 새롭게 시작하였다.








1) ⑤


2) ④


3) ⑤


4) ③


5) ④


6) ①


7) ②


8) ②


9) ③


10) ①


11) ③


12) ②


13) ③


14) ③


15) ③


16) ③


17) ⑤


18) ⑤


19) ②


20) ①


21) ⑤ better → less


22) ④


23) ④



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