02-Stanford Commencement by Steve Jobs 10쪽 24문제

김farmer 2017. 11. 26. 19:33

2017. 11. 26. 19:33

교재를 구입하실 수 있습니다.

Stanford Report, June 14, 2005

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says.

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

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[본문해석+문법분석] Stanford Report, June 14, 2005

- 2004년 6월 14일자 스탠포드 대학 뉴스 / (According to) Stanford Report (on) June 14th, (in) 2005.

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says.

- ‘여러분들은 자신이 좋아하는 것을 찾아야만 합니다.’ 잡스는 주장합니다. / You've got to[=You have to(must):~해야만 한다] what you love[목적어: 여러분이 좋아하는 것]

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

- 이 연설문은 2005년 6월 12일 애플컴퓨터와 픽사 애니메시션 스튜디오의 최고 경영자인 스티브 잡스가 스탠포드대학 졸업식장에서 연설한 원고입니다. / This[이 원고를=This manuscript] is a prepared text[준비된 글] of the Commencement address[졸업식 연설] (which was) delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO[동격] /

[단어분석] †commencement [kəménsmənt] n. U,C ① 시작, 개시; 착수. ② (the ∼) (대학 따위의) 졸업식 (행사 기간); (Cambridge, Dublin 및 미국 여러 대학의) 학위 수여식[일]. / ‡deliver [dilívər] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+부/ +목+전+명』 인도하다, 교부하다(up; over; to; into). ② (물품·편지를) 배달[송달]하다. ③ (전언(傳言) 따위를) 전하다; (의견을) 말하다; (연설을) 하다.

[동의어/반의어] commencement n. beginning[bigíniŋ], birth[bəːrɵ], creation[kriːéiʃən], dawn[dɔːn]새벽, genesis[ʤénəsis]발생, 기원 창세기, start[stɑːrt], graduation[græ̀ʤuéiʃən], initiation[inìʃiéiʃən]착수, 비법전수, 입회식 ant. end[end]

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

[본문해석+문법분석] I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. - 저는 세계적으로 가장 유수한 대학 중 한 곳에서 여러분의 졸업식에 참여하는 것이 영광입니다. / I am honored[수동태: ~한 영광을 받다] / one of + 복수명사[유수한 대학 중 한곳]

I never graduated from college. - 저는 대학을 졸업하지 못했습니다. / graduate from[자동사: ~을 졸업하다]

Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. - 사실, 이번이 대학졸업식에 가장 가까이 있는 것입니다. / Truth be told=As truth should be told=Truly speaking / this is the closest[최상급: 이번이 가장 가까운 곳] / get to[~에 도달하다] / I've ever gotten to[현재완료: 지금껏 도달했던 것 중]

Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. - 오늘 저는 여러분들에게 제 인생에서 터득한 3개의 이야기를 여러분에게 들려줄까 합니다. / three stories (which have been experienced) from my life[인생에서 경험한 3가지 이야기]

That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. - 그것이 전부입니다. 굉장한 것도 아니며, 단지 3가지 이야기뿐입니다.

The first story is about connecting the dots. - 그 첫 번째 이야기는 점과 연결된 것에 관한 것입니다. / is about[전치사]+~ing[connecting~연결에 관한 것]

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? - 저는 첫 학기 6개월 만에 리드대학을 중퇴했습니다. 완전히 그만두기 전, 18개월 쯤 중퇴자르 방황하였습니다. 그럼 왜 제가 중퇴했을까요? / drop out[~을 중퇴하다] / stay around[배회하다, 방황하다] / as[전치사: ~로써] another 18 months or so[또 다른 18개월 쯤]

[단어분석] ⁂honor, 【영국】 -our [ɑ́nər / ɔ́n-] vt. ① 존경[존중]하다(respect), ┅에게 경의를 표하다. ② 『∼+목 / +목+전+명』 ┅에게 명예를 주다; ┅에게 영광을 주다(with); ┅에게 수여하다(with). / ‡deal [diːl] n. ① (구어) (상업상(上)의) 거래; 관계. ② 타협, 협정(종종 비밀 또는 부정한). ③ (구어) 취급, 대우. /

[동의어/반의어] graduate n. alumna[əlʌ́mnə] n. (pl. -nae [-niː]) 【L.】 (주로 미국) =ALUMNUS의 여성형., / alumnus[əlʌ́mnəs] n. (pl. -ni [-nai]) 【L.】 학생; 【미국】 (특히 대학의) (남자) 졸업생, 동창생, / bachelor[bǽtʃələr] n. ① 미혼[독신] 남자. [cf.] spinster. ② 학사. [cf.] master. v. calibrate[kǽləbrèit] vt. ① (계기의) 눈금을 빠르게 조정하다; 기초화하다; (온도계·계량 컵 등에) 눈금을 긋다., / grade[greid] v. ―vt. ① 등급[격]을 매기다, 유별하다, (달걀 등을) 골라 가려내다. ② (답안 등을) 채점하다. / measure[méʒəːr]v. ―vt. ① 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 재다, 계량[측정, 측량]하다, ┅의 치수를 재다. ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 (비교하여) ┅을 판단하다, 평가하다; 유심히 보다; ┅을 비교하다, 겨루게 하다.

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

[본문해석+문법분석] It started before I was born. - 그것은 제가 태어나기 전에 시작되었습니다. / It[=adoption양자를 삼는 일] / before[시간의 부사절:~하기 전]

My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. - 저의 생물학적 어머니는 젊고 미혼인 대학생이어서 저를 양자로 보내기로 했습니다. / biological mother[생모] / decide to do[to부정사를 목적어로 취함: ~하기로 결심하다] / put me[대명사] up to[나를 양자로 보낼 것을 알리다]

She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. - 그녀는 제가 대학졸업생 부모에게 양자로 가야만한다고 집착하여서 모든 것이 태어날 때 한 변호사부부에게 이미 가기로 결정되었습니다. / felt very strongly that[~에 강하게 느끼다. 집착하다로 해석함] / should[조동사로 의무: ~해야만 하다] / everything was all set[모든 것이 준비되었다] / 주어가 everything이므로 to be adopted[수동태]로 쓰임 by의 의해 수식

Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. - 그것 외에도 내가 태어났을 때, 그들은 마지막 순간에 여자아이를 원한다고 했습니다. / except that[전치사 구나 절: 그것 외에도] / pop out[세상에 나오다] / decide that[절을 받음: 마지막 순간에 마음이 변하다]

So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." - 그래서 대기명단에 있던 저희 부모님은 한 밤중에 전화를 받으셨습니다. 저흰 기대하지 않은 남자아이가 태어났어요. 그 아일 원하시나요? 그들은 승낙하였던 것입니다. / who[주격 관계대명사로: 대기 명단에 있던 제 부모(선행사)] / asking[a call을 수식함: ~요구하는 전화]

My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. - 저를 낳은 어머니는 제 어머니가 대학을 다닌 적도 제 아버지가 고등학교를 졸업한 적도 없다는 사실을 나중에야 알았습니다. / later found out that[that이하의 사실을 나중에야 알게 되었다]

She refused to sign the final adoption papers. - 그녀는 마지막 양자서류에 서명을 거절했습니다. / refuse to sign[refuse는 to 부정사인 sign을 목적어로 받음: ~하는 것을 거절하다]

She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. - 몇 달 후 제 부모님이 절 앞으로 대학에 진학시킬 것이라고 약속한 후에야 마음이 풀렸던 것입니다. / only relented when[~했을 때서야 마음이 풀리다]

[단어분석] unwed, -wedded [ʌnwéd], [-wédid] a. 미혼의(unmarried), 독신의. / †adoption [ədɑ́pʃən, ədɔ́p-] n. U,C 채용, 채택; 양자결연; (입후보자의) 공천; (외래어의) 차용. / put up for 경매에 붙이다, 팔려고 내놓다(for); 공개하다, 전시시키다, 일반에게 보이다. / ‡refuse [rifjúːz] v. ―vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+목』 (부탁·요구·명령 등을) 거절하다, 거부하다, 물리치다([opp] accept) (여성이) 청혼을 거절하다. ② (제의 등을) 받아들이지 않다, 사절[사퇴]하다. / †relent [rilént] vi. ① 상냥스러워지다, 누그러지다. ② 측은하게 생각하다, 가엾게 여기다(toward; at).

[동의어/반의어] relent v. give in, relax[rilǽks] v. ―vt. ① a) 늦추다, 완화하다. b) 변통(便通)케 하다. / ‡soften [sɔ́(ː)f-ən, sɑ́f-ən] v. ―vt. ① 부드럽게[연하게]하다. ② ┅의 마음을 누그러지게 하다; (나)약하게 하다. / ‡submit [səbmít] v. (-tt-) ―vt. ① 『+목+전+명』「재귀용법으로」 복종시키다, 따르게 하다(to). ② 『∼+목/ +목+전+명』 제출하다. / yield [jiːld] v. ―vi. ① 생기게 하다, 산출(産出)하다(produce); (이익 따위를) 가져오다. [SYN.] ⇨ CROP. ② 『∼+목/+목+전+명/+목+부/+목+목』 양보[양도]하다, 굴복하다, 명도하다; 주다; 포기하다(종종 up). [SYN.] ⇨ SURRENDER.

동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/Ev7EdbBwedw

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

[본문해석+문법분석] And 17 years later I did go to college. - 그리고 17년이 지나 저는 대학에 정말로 갔습니다. / did[강조용법: I really went 약속을 지킴]

But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. - 그러나 저는 스탠포드처럼 거의 비싼 대학을 섣불리 선택했습니다. 그리고 저의 맞벌이 부모님의 저축 모두는 제 대학등록금으로 쓰이고 있었습니다. / a college that[관계대명사: ~한 대학] / as expensive[동급비교: 형용사] as[~처럼 비싼 등록금의] / all of[~의 모든] / parents'[복수형으로 끝날 경우 소유격은 ‘만 붙임] / were being spent[과거 수동진행형: 쓰이고 있었다]

After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. - 6개월 후, 저는 대학에서의 가치를 찾을 수가 없었습니다. 저는 제 인생에서 무얼 하고 싶은지 대학이 제가 인생을 이해하는데 도움을 줄까에 회의를 느꼈습니다. / the value in it[=college 대학에서의 가치] / had no idea[몰랐다] / figure it[=my life] out[내 인생을 이해하다]

And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. - 그리고 이곳 대학에서 저는 제 부모님이 그들이 평생 모아둔 돈을 낭비하고 있었습니다. / here[=at the college 이곳과 같은 대학] / was spending[과거 진행형: 낭비하고 있었다] / all the money (which/that)[목적격 관계대명사, saved의 목적어는 선행사인 all of the money임] (during) their entire life[평생 동안]

So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. - 그래서 저는 중퇴를 결심했고 이 모든 것이 잘될 것이라 믿었습니다. 그 당시엔 아주 무서웠습니다만 그때를 돌이켜보면 제가 내린 결정 중 최고의 것 중 하나였습니다. / I decided to drop out and (decided to) trust / would[will의 과거로 시제의 일치] / work out OK[일이 잘되다] at the time[그 당시에] / looking back[동명사로 주어:~과거를 돌이켜 보는 것은] / one of the best decisions[복수명사: 최고의 선택 중 하나] (that/which) I ever made[제가 지금껏 내린 최고의 결정]

The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. - 제가 중태를 하는 순간 저는 흥미 없는 과목을 수강할 필요가 없었고 흥미롭게 보이는 과목들을 잠시 듣기 시작했습니다.

[단어분석] naive, naïve [nɑːíːv] a. 【F.】 천진난만한, 순진한, 때묻지 않은, 소박한, 고지식한; 우직한, 잘속는; 미경험의; 특정 실험[투약]을 받은 적이 없는. / ‡trust [trʌst] v. ―vt. ① 신뢰하다, 신용[신임]하다. [SYN.] ⇨ RELY. ② 『+목+to do/ +목+전+명』 안심하고 ┅시켜 두다; 능히 ┅하리라 생각하다. ㉺∼ly ―ad. / ⁂minute [mínit] n. ① (시간의) 분. ② 잠깐 동안, 잠시; 순간(moment); (the ∼) 현재; 1분간에 나아가는 거리. ③ 각서(note), 메모; (간단한) 초고(草稿); (pl.) 의사록(∼ book). ④ (각도의) 분(∼ of arc). / ♣drop in ⑴ 잠깐 들르다; 불시에 방문하다(on; at). ⑵ 우연히 만나다(across; on; with): ∼ in with a friend 불시에 친구를 만나다. ⑶ (한 사람씩) 들어오다. ⑷ (물건을) 속에 넣다, 떨어뜨리다: He∼ped in some coins and dialed. 그는 전화기에 동전을 몇 개 넣고 다이얼을 돌렸다.

[동의어/반의어] naive a. ingenuous[indʒénjuːəs], innocent[ínəsnt], unsophisticated[ʌ̀nsəfístəkèitid], credulous[krédʒələs], gullible[gʌ́ləbəl], trusting[trʌ́stiŋ], unsuspecting[ʌ̀nsəspéktiŋ] ant. wise[waiz] suspicious[səspíʃəs]

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

[본문해석+문법분석] It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. - 그것은 꼭 낭만적인 것만은 아니었습니다. 저는 기숙사 방이 없었습니다. 그래서 친구들 집 바닥에서 잠을 잤습니다. 저는 음식을 사기위해 5센트가 적립되어있는 콜라병을 가져다주고 해어 크리쉬마 사원에서 매주 한 번의 맛있는 음식을 얻기 위해 일요일 밤마다 마을을 가로질러 7마일을 걷곤 했습니다. 저는 이것이 좋았습니다. / wasn't all[부분부정: 꼭 ~한 것만은 아니었다] / coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits[5센트가 적립되어 있는 콜라병] / to buy food with[전치사 with의 목적어는 the 5¢ deposits] / would[과거에 ~하곤 했다]

And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: - 그리고 저의 호기심과 직관력에 의해 제가 좌절했던 많은 것들은 이후 아주 귀중한 것으로 입증되었습니다. 제가 한 예를 드리겠습니다. / much of + what[불가산 명사] ~ into[목적어는 what] / by[수단을 나타내는 전치사] / turned out to[~로 입증되다]

[단어분석] dorm [dɔːrm] n. (구어) =DORMITORY 기숙사 / ‡stumble [stʌ́mb-əl] v. ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 (실족하여) 넘어지다, 곱드러지다(at; over). ② 『+전+명』 마주치다, 우연히 만나다(across; on, upon). ③ 『∼+부/ +전+명』 비틀거리다, 비틀거리며 걷다(along). / ‡curiosity [kjùəriɑ́səti / -ɔ́sə-] n. ① U 호기심, 캐기 좋아하는 마음; 진기함. / †intuition [ìntjuíʃən] n. U 직각(直覺), 직관(력); 직관적 통찰; 직관적 지식[사실]. / †priceless [práislis] a. ① 대단히 귀중한, 돈으로 살 수 없는. [SYN.] ⇨ VALUABLE. ② (구어) 아주 걸작인 [재미있는, 어이 없는], 아주 별난.

[동의어/반의어] priceless a. costly[kɔ́ːstli], expensive[ikspénsiv], inestimable[inéstəməbəl], invaluable[invǽljuəbəl], precious[préʃəs] ant. worthless[wə́ːrɵlis]

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

[본문해석+문법분석] Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. - 그 당시 리드대학은 미국에서 아마도 가장 권위 있는 서예 강좌를 개설하고 있었습니다. / at that time[그 당시] / offered[=provided제공하다]

Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. - 캠퍼스 어디든 포스터와 서랍 위에 라벨 모두 아름다운 붓글씨로 써져 있었습니다. / throughout[내내, ~의 도처에] / every+단수명사

Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. - 왜냐하면 저는 중퇴하였고 일반강의를 수강할 필요가 없었기 때문에, 저는 이것이 어떻게 되는지를 알기 위해서 서예 강좌를 수강하기로 결정했습니다. / had dropped[과거와료: 더 이전에 일어난 사실] / didn't have to[=didn't need to: ~할 필요가 없었다] / decided to take[decided는 to부정사를 목적어로 취함]

I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. - 저는 세리프와 산 세리프 서체에 관해서, 다른 글자 조합 사이의 공간의 다양성에 관해서, 그리고 멋진 인쇄술을 위대하게 만드는 것에 관해서 배웠습니다. / learned의 목적어는 about serif ~, about varying, (and) about what

It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. - 그것은 과학이 이해할 수 없는 방식에서 아름답고, 역사적이고, 예술적인 미묘한 것이어서 저는 이것의 매력에 빠졌습니다. / it[=calligraphy] / in a way that[관계대명사: capture의 목적어인 a way를 수식] / found it[목적어] fascinating[목적격 보어] 5형식 문장

[단어분석]

calligraphy [kəlígrəfi] n. U ① 달필. [opp.] cacography. ② 서도, 서예. ③ 필적. / serif, seriph [sérif] n. 〖인쇄〗 세리프(H, I 따위의 활자에서 볼 수 있는 상하의 가는 선). / typeface [táipfèis] n. 활자의 자면(字面); 인쇄면; (활자) 서체, 체. / ‡vary [vɛ́əri] v. ―vt. ① ┅에 변화를 주다[가하다], 다양하게 하다. ② 변경하다, 수정하다, 바꾸다(change). / typography [taipɑ́grəfi / -pɔ́g-] n. U 활판 인쇄, 활판술; 조판; 인쇄의 체재, 타이포그래피. / ‡subtle [sʌ́tl] a. (subtler; -tlest) ① 미묘한, 포착하기 힘든, 난해한. ② 엷은, 희박한, 희미한. ③ (지각·감각 등이) 예민한, 명민한; (두뇌 등이) 명석한, 회전이 빠른. ④ 교활한, 음흉한.

[동의어/반의어]

subtle a. elusive[ilúːsiv], implied[impláid]암시하는, indirect[ìndirékt]간접적인, insinuated[insínjuèit]은근히 심어준, astute[əstjúːt]기민한, 교활한, discriminating[diskrímənèiti식별하는, keen[kiːn], sophisticated[səfístəkèitid], cunning[kʌ́niŋ], shrewd[ʃruːd], sly[slai], wily[wáili]잔꾀를 쓰는, delicate[délikət], fine[fain], intricate[íntrəkit]

ant. obvious[ɑ́bviəs], undiscerning[ʌ̀ndisə́ːrniŋ], guileless[gáillis], blatant[bléitənt] 주제넘게 구는

동영상 강좌 http://youtu.be/SqhPCyRY5pE

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

[본문해석+문법분석] None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. - 이 어떠한 것도 제 인생에 실질적인 응용할 희망을 주진 못했습니다. / None[∼ of+단수(대)명사」 조금도 ┅않다] / any ~ in my life[실생활에 활용]

But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. - 그러나 10년이 지나, 저희가 첫 번째 매킨토쉬 컴퓨터를 디자인하고 있을 때, 이 모든 것이 저에게로 돌아왔습니다. / it all came back to me[이 모든 것이 돌아왔다. 현실에 적용되었음을 의미]

And we designed it all into the Mac. - 그리고 우리는 이 모든 것을 맥 안으로 디자인해 넣었습니다. / designed A[it all] into B[the Mac] : A를 B 안으로 디자인해 넣다.

It was the first computer with beautiful typography. - 그것이 아름다운 인쇄체를 갖은 첫 번째 컴퓨터였습니다.

If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. - 만일 제가 대학에서 그 유일한 과정을 잠시 듣지 못했더라면, 맥은 결코 다양한 인쇄체 또는 균형 잡힌 공간의 글꼴을 갖지 못했을 것입니다. / [가정법 과거완료(과거사실에 반대)] If I had never dropped[had+과거분사] ~, the Mac would have never had[조동사(would, might, could, should)+have+p.p]

And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. - 그리고 윈도우가 단지 맥을 베꼈기 때문에, 어떠한 컴퓨터도 그것들(멋진 인쇄체)을 갖지 못할 것 같습니다. / since[=because] / would[가정법: ~일 것이다] / them[=multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts]

If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. - 만일 제가 중퇴하지 않았더라면, 저는 이 서예 수업을 잠시 듣지도 못했을 뿐더러 개인용 컴퓨터도 그 경이로운 서체를 갖지 못했을 것입니다. / [가정법 과거완료 표현-과거사실에 반대] If I had ~, [가정법 과거-현재 사실에 반대] might not have[혼합가정법] / they do[=have]

Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. - 물론 제가 대학시절엔 점들을 미래와 연결하는 것은 불가능했습니다. / it[가주어] ~ (for me)[의미상의 주어] to connect[진주어] / the dots looking forward[미래를 향햔 점들]

But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. - 그러나 아주 분명했던 것은 10후에 과거로 복귀하고 있었다는 것입니다.

[단어분석] †multiple [mʌ́ltəp-əl] a. ① 복합의, 복식의; 다수의, 다양한, 복잡한. / †proportional [prəpɔ́ːrʃənəl] a. 〖수학〗 비례의; 균형이 잡힌, 조화된, 비례하는(to). /

[동의어/반의어] proportional a. balanced[bǽlənst], harmonious[hɑːrmóuniəs], symmetrical, complementary[kɑ̀mpləméntəri]보충하는, consistent[kənsístənt], parallel[pǽrəlèl], proportionate[prəpɔ́ːrʃənit], relative[rélətiv]

ant. asymmetrical

★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [1~5]

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by ⒶSteve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today ①at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, ②this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. ③No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

④It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "⑤We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

1. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?¹⁾

① Unhappy period in youth

② Adoption in the long way

③ Regret as a drop-out

④ Home without affection

⑤ Three stories at the commencement

2. 위 글의 분위기에 어울리는 단어는?²⁾

① interesting ② enthusiastic

③ disappointing ④ gloomy

⑤ indifferent

3. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 Ⓐ와 관계가 없는 것은?³⁾

① An addressor at the graduation ceremony

② A successful entrepreneur

③ A drop-out at the college

④ A adopted son

⑤ A man grown in affluent home

4. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 우리말 해석이 어색한 것은?⁴⁾

① 여러분의 졸업식장에서

② 이번이 제가 대학졸업식으로 온 가장 가까운 곳

③ 흥미진진한 이야기

④ 이야기는 제가 태어나기 전부터 시작되었다.

⑤ 반갑지 않은 사내아이가 태어났다.

5. 위 글을 통하여 알 수 없는 사실은?⁵⁾

① Who is CEO of Apple Computer?

② How many topics does he present?

③ How was his domestic background?

④ How was his school performance?

⑤ What was his biological mother like?

★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [6~10]

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in ①it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that ②it would all work out OK. ③It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back ④it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

Ⓐ . I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved ⑤it. And much of what I stumbled into by following Ⓑ turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

6. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?⁶⁾

① In the end of wandering something was found for his

future.

② Education should equally spread to all.

③ Drop-out is sometimes necessary for a genius.

④ Home environment is so important in the childhood.

⑤ Divorce should be prevented as soon as possible.

7. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 각각 가리키는 것이 올바르지 않은 것은?⁷⁾

① my college tuition ② their entire life

③ to drop out ④ the drop-out

⑤ the wandering time

8. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현은?⁸⁾

① It was a good time for change

② It wasn't all romantic

③ I had many good friends

④ I was happy at that time

⑤ The study was too hard to follow school

9. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓑ에 적절한 표현은?⁹⁾

① my entertaining journey

② my endless thought

③ my curiosity and intuition

④ my hard study

⑤ my endurance and observation

10. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?¹⁰⁾

① 내가 입학한 대학은 스탠포드처럼 유명한 곳이었다.

② 저의 부모님의 평생 번 돈은 내 학비로 쓰였다.

③ 나는 대학에 대한 가치를 찾을 수 없었다.

④ 나는 대학을 중퇴한 것에 후회하지 않는다.

⑤ 방황 속에서 터득한 경험은 후에 귀중한 것이 되었다.

★ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [ 11~15]

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was ①beautifully hand calligraphed. Ⓐ I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about ②varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it ③fascinated.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or ④proportionally spaced fonts. And Ⓑ Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots ⑤looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

11. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?¹¹⁾

① To learn study earlier would be more helpful.

② The Mac would be the most significant computer later

on.

③ The experiences in the past would be great results.

④ There are many science can't prove in the world.

⑤ Time doesn't wait for a man.

12. 위 글에서 작가의 심정으로 가장 적절한 것은?¹²⁾

① desperate ② satisfied

③ undeterminable ④ discouraged

⑤ confused

13. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 어법상 어색한 것은?¹³⁾

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

14. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ, Ⓑ에 적절한 단어는?¹⁴⁾

① Though because ② If when

③ Because since ④ Since though

⑤ When now that

15. 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?¹⁵⁾

① 대학들 사이에 서예 강좌의 열풍이 불었다.

② 인쇄체 글꼴은 큰 매력이 없었다.

③ 작가는 과학이 증명할 수 없는 멋에 빠져 있었다.

④ 맥과 윈도우는 각각의 독특한 특성을 갖고 있었다.

⑤ 지은이는 대학시절부터 점과의 연결에 관심이 많았다.

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

[본문해석+문법분석] Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. - 다시 말해, 여러분들은 미래로 향하는 점을 연결할 수는 없습니다. 여러분은 과거로 향하는 점만을 연결할 수 있습니다. / the dots (which are) looking forward[미래로 향하는 점들] / them[=the dots] (which are) looking backwards[과거로 향하는 점들]

So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. - 그래서 여러분은 점은 미래와 여하튼 연결될 것이라고 믿어야만 합니다. (확신과 신념을 갖으라는 의미)

You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. - 여러분은 용기, 운명, 인생, 인연, 무엇이든지를 믿어야만 합니다. / whatever[무엇이든]

This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - 이 접근법은 저를 낙담시킨 적도 없고 이것은 제 인생에 모든 것에 영향을 미쳐왔습니다. / this approach[위 문장의 모든 것을 믿는 일] / it[=this approach] / has made all the difference[모든 것에 영향을 미쳐왔다]

[단어분석] somehow [sʌ́mhàu] ad. ① 어떻게든지 하여, 여하튼, 어쨌든. ② 어쩐지, 웬일인지, 아무래도. / ‡trust [trʌst] ―vi. ① 『+전+명』 믿다, 신뢰하다(in). ② 『+전+명』 (운수·기억 등에) 의존[의지]하다, 기대하다(to). / gut [gʌt] n. (pl.) (구어) 기운, 용기, 배짱, 끈기, 지구력, 결단력; U (구어) 뻔뻔스러움. / ‡destiny [déstəni] n. ① U,C 운명, 숙명; 운. / karma [kɑ́ːrmə] n. ① 〖힌두교〗 갈마(羯磨), 업(業), 카머; 〖불교〗 인과응보, 업보(業報), 숙명(론); 인연. / ‡approach [əpróutʃ] n. ① U 가까워짐, 접근(of; to); 가까이함. ② C (접근하는) 길, 입구(to); (학문·연구·기능 따위에의) 실마리, 입문, 연구법; (문제 따위의) 다루는 방법, 접근법, 해결 방법. / ♣make a [the] difference ⑴ 차이를 낳다; 차별을 두다(between). ⑵ 효과를 내다, 영향을 미치다; 중요하다(to)

[동의어/반의어] difference n. contrast[kɑ́ntræst], dissimilarity, distinction[distíŋkʃən], variation[vɛ̀əriéiʃən], deviation[dìːviéiʃən]벗어남, 탈선, discrepancy[diskrépənsi]불일치, disparity[dispǽrəti], divergence[divə́ːrdʒəns], argument[ɑ́ːrgjəmənt], disagreement[dìsəgríːmənt], discord[dískɔːrd], dispute[dispjúːt], quarrel[kwɔ́ːrəl]싸움, 말다툼

ant. similarity[sìməlǽrəti], agreement[əgríːmənt] harmony[hɑ́ːrməni]

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

[본문해석+문법분석] My second story is about love and loss. - 저의 두 번째 이야기는 사랑과 실패입니다. / about[전치사: ~에 관한]

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. - 저는 운이 좋았습니다. - 저는 어린나이에 제가 하고 싶었던 것을 찾았습니다. / [목적어인 명사절]what I loved to do[목적어는 what] / early in life[어린 나이에]

Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. - 우즈와 저는 제 나이 20세 때 저의 부모님 차고에서 애플컴퓨터를 시작했습니다. / Apple[애플 컴퓨터]

We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. - 우리는 열심히 일했고 10년 만에 애플은 차고에서 2명으로 시작하여 4,000명 이상의 직원을 둔 20억 달러의 회사로 성장했습니다. / in[=after~만에] / had grown[과거완료: 성장했다] / from just two of us[단지 우리 두 사람에서] / into[~으로]

We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.

- 우리가 우리의 가장 최신 작품인 매킨토시를 1년 일찍 막 출시하자 저는 곧 30세가 되었습니다. / [29세에 매킨토시를 출시했음을 의미.]

And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started?

- 그리고 나서 저는 해고되었습니다. 당신은 당신이 설립한 회사로부터 해고당할 수 있나요?

Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.

- 글쎄요, 애플사가 성장함에 따라, 우리는 저와 함께 회사를 운영할 아주 재능 있는 사람을 고용했습니다. 그리고 1년쯤 일을 잘 되었습니다.

But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.

- 한편으로는 미래에 대한 우리의 비전은 어긋나기 시작했고 결국 우리는 추락을 했습니다.

When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out.

- 우리가 추락했을 때, 이사진은 그의 편을 들어줬고 저는 30세에 쫓겨났습니다. / did[= had a falling out] / sided with[~편을 들다] / out[=fired]

And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

- 그리고 아주 공개적으로 쫓겨났습니다. 제 모든 성인인생의 초점을 두었던 것이 사라졌고 처참했습니다. / (I was) very publicly out. / [주어]What had been ~ life[제 모든 것을 걸었던 것] was gone[=disappeared] / it[앞의 사실을 말함]

[단어분석] ⁂loss [lɔ(ː)s / lɑs] n. U ① 잃음, 분실, 상실. ② C 손실, 손해; 손실물[액, 량]. [opp.] gain. ③ 감소, 감손(減損), 줆. ④ 소모, 소비, 낭비(waste). ⑤ 실패, 패배. / ‡garage [gərɑ́ːʒ, -rɑ́ːdʒ / gǽrɑːdʒ, -riʤ] n. (자동차) 차고, 주차장 / †diverge [divə́ːrdʒ, dai-] v. ―vi. ① 갈리다, 분기하다. ② 빗나가다, (진로 등을) 벗어나다(from). ③ (의견 따위가) 갈라지다, 다르다(from). / falling [fɔ́ːliŋ] n. U 낙하, 추락 / devastating [dévəstèitiŋ] a. ① 황폐시키는, 파괴적인, 참화를 가져오는.

[동의어/반의어] devastating a. calamitous[kəlǽmitəs], cataclysmic, catastrophic, disastrous[dizǽstrəs], ruinous[rúːinəs], desolating[désəleitiŋ], destructive[distrʌ́ktiv], harmful[hɑ́ːrmfəl], crushing[krʌ́ʃiŋ], humiliating[hjuːmílièitiŋ], mortifying[mɔ́ːrtəfaiŋ]̀, overwhelming[òuvərhwélmiŋ]̀

ant. helpful[hélpfəl], constructive[kənstrʌ́ktiv], encouraging[enkə́ːridʒiŋ]

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

[본문해석+문법분석] I really didn't know what to do for a few months.

- 저는 몇 달 동안 무엇을 해야 할지를 정말 몰랐습니다. / know의 목적어 what do to / for+숫자시간

I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.

- 저는 기업가의 구세대는 끝났고 저에게 이전되고 있었던 경영권을 포기해야겠다고 생각했습니다. / let A down : A를 내려놓다[포기하다] / the baton[지휘권, 경영권] / it[=the baton] was being passed to me[과거 진행형: 나에게 계승되고 있었던 경영권]

I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.

- 저는 데이비드 패커드와 밥 노이스를 만났고 심한 혼란을 가중시킨 것에 사과하려고 노력했습니다. / apologize for A[A를 사과하다] / so badly[심하게]는 screwing up를 수식

I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.

- 저는 공개적인 실패자였고 저는 심지어 이 실리콘벨리를 도망칠까도 생각했습니다. / a failure[a+추상명사=보통명사화 됨: 실패자]

But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.

- 그러나 뭔가가 서서히 저에게 떠오르기 시작했습니다. - 제는 여전히 제가 했던 것에 애착을 갖고 있다는 것을. / loved의 목적어 what I did[내가 했던 것]

The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.

- 애플사에서의 사건의 반전은 조금도 바뀌지 않았습니다. / that[부사: 그 정도로] one bit[조금도]

I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

- 저는 거절당했지만 여전히 열정을 갖고 있었습니다. 그리하여 저는 다시 시작하기로 마음먹었습니다. / had been rejected[거절당했다] / still in love[여전히 정열 속에] / start over[처음부터 다시 시작하다]

[단어분석] †baton [bətɑ́n, bæ-, bǽtən] n. ① (관직을 나타내는) 지팡이, 사령장(司令狀) / ‡dawn [dɔːn] vi. ① 날이 새다; 밝아지다. ② 『+전+명』 (일이) 점점 분명해지다, (생각이) 떠오르다(on, upon). /

[동의어/반의어]

dawn n. aurora[ərɔ́ːrə], cockcrow[[kɑk-́kròu], daybreak[déibrèik], daylight [deílàit], morning[mɔ́ːrniŋ], sunrise[sʌ́nràiz], advent[ǽdvent]도래, 출현, beginning[bigíniŋ], emergence[imə́ːrdʒəns]출현, inception[insépʃən]시작

v. appear[əpíər]출현하다, arise[əráiz], commence[kəméns]시작하다, emerge[imə́ːrdʒ]나오다, unfold[ʌ̀nfóuld]펼치다, dawn on, occur to, strike[straik]

ant. dusk[dʌsk]땅거미, conclusion[kənklúːʒən]결론, elude[ilúːd]교묘히 피하다

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

[본문해석+문법분석] I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.

- 저는 그때 그것[기회]를 보진 못했습니다만 애플사에서 해고당한 것은 저에게 일어날 수도 있었던 최고의 기회였습니다. / it[=chance, 다시 일어서기] / it[가주어] turned out[~가 입증되었다] that[진주어] / could have ever happened to me[나에게도 일어날 수도 있다는 가능성]

The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.

- 성공의 중압감은 모든 것이 덜 확실한 다시 시작하는 초심자의 가벼움으로 바뀌었습니다. / was replaced by[~의해 대체되다] / a beginner, (who was less sure[덜 확실한(부담이 덜한)]

It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

- 그것[초심자의 마음]은 제 인생의 가장 창의적인 시기 중 하나로 저를 이끌었습니다. / freed me to enter[내가 ~로 들어가게 해방시켜 주었다] / one of 복수명사[~ periods]

[단어분석] ‡successful [səksésfəl] a. 성공한, 좋은 결과의, 잘된; 번창하는; (시험에) 합격한; 크게 히트한, 출세한, (회합 따위가) 성대한. / ‡replace [ripléis] vt. ① 『∼ +목/ +목+전+명』 제자리에 놓다, 되돌리다. ② ┅에 대체하다.

[동의어/반의어] successful a. flourishing [flə́ːririʃ], fortunate[fɔ́ːrtʃ-ənit], prosperous[prɑ́spərəs], thriving[ɵráiviŋ], eminent[émənənt]저명한, famous[féiməs], important[impɔ́ːrtənt], notable[nóutəbl-ə], conquering[kɑ́ŋkəriŋ], triumphant[traiʌ́mfənt]승리를 거둔, 성공한, victorious[viktɔ́ːriəs], effective[iféktiv], fruitful[frúːtfəl], productive[prədʌ́ktiv]

ant. failing[féiliŋ], obscure[əbskjúər], unsuccessful[ʌ̀nsəksésfəl], futile[fjúːtl, -tail]

★ 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [16~19]

My second story is Ⓐ .

16. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?¹⁶⁾

① My difficult start in Apple

② The big failure in business

③ My pleasure and setback

④ The way to cope with any adversities

⑤ Dots only for looking backward

17. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸 Ⓐ에 적절한 표현은?¹⁷⁾

① about success with enthusiasm

② about the beginning of my Apple company

③ about how to create new items for success

④ about making good friends in business

⑤ about love and loss

18. 위 글에 나타난 지은이의 상황과 어울리지 않은 것은?¹⁸⁾

① calamitous ② catastrophic

③ disastrous ④ humiliating

⑤ constructive

19. 위 글과 일치하는 것은?¹⁹⁾

① Dots should only be connected with the future.

② The writer puts emphasis on reality in life.

③ For the start the writer would be assisted by many

good friends.

④ The addressor would be happy with someone who was

hired for the company.

⑤ After fired, the author didn't care about his situation.

★ 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [20~24]

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs ①down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to ②apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to ③dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been ④rejected, but I was still in love.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, ⑤better sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

20. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현은?²⁰⁾

① And so I decided to start over.

② Something difficult in life delayed me opening the

new.

③ The love is most important in the world.

④ Being fired is the saddest thing in the business.

⑤ My second start wasn't easy.

21. 위 글에서 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중, 문맥상 단어의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?²¹⁾

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

22. 위 글에 나타나 있는 지은의 상황에 어울리지 않은 것은?

① a failed entrepreneur

② a expected successor

③ a public failure

④ a new beginner

⑤ a past attached generation

23. 위 글로 보아 지은이의 성격으로 가장 적절한 단어는?²²⁾

① arrogant ② inflexible

③ conventional ④ creative

⑤ critical

24. 위 글과 일치하지 않은 것은?²³⁾

① 해고된 후, 몇 달 동안 방황을 하였다.

② 그는 곧 경영권 승계를 받을 예정이었다.

③ 자신의 과오를 시인했다.

④ 애플사의 태도는 점차 누그러지고 있었다.

⑤ 훌훌털고 새롭게 시작하였다.

1) ⑤

2) ④

3) ⑤

4) ③

5) ④

6) ①

7) ②

8) ②

9) ③

10) ①

11) ③

12) ②

13) ③

14) ③

15) ③

16) ③

17) ⑤

18) ⑤

19) ②

20) ①

21) ⑤ better → less

22) ④

23) ④

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