2013년, 수능완성, 실전모의고사, 1회, P 15

 

 

36. Diseases may require a minimum threshold of population size or density to support ongoing transmission of the disease. Therefore, a rise in human population size or density can expose the population to a disease that previously could not be sustained in the population. The advent of agriculture, for example, resulted in the transmission of countless disease that require higher human densities than occur in hunter-gathering societies. Malaria is an example of a massive killer that probably took on its modern killer form around five thousand years ago with the introduction of settled farming in Africa. Until settled agriculture, hunter-gathering communities in Africa were too small and sparsely settled to support the sustained transmission of malaria. Urban life similarly supports the spread of numerous disease that require higher population densities than occur in agricultural settlements. Therefore, throughout history, when societies achieved breakthroughs in farming that enabled the growth of an urban population, the initial spread of urbanization _________________________.

 

① was often set back by bouts of infectious diseases

② also gained a foothold in sustainable development

③ was widely perceived as the end of uncivilized life

④ usually provided the treatment of numerous diseases

⑤ did not necessarily mean the victory of humans over nature

 

- Analysis -

 

Diseases may require a minimum threshold of population size or density (질병은 ~ 최소한의 한계인 인구 크기나 밀집을 요구할 것 같다) to support ongoing transmission of the disease (그 질병의 진행되는 감염을 지원하기 위해). Therefore (그러므로), a rise in human population size or density (인간 인구나 밀집의 증가는) can expose the population to a disease (그 인구를 ~ 질병에 노출 시킬 수 있다) that previously could not be sustained in the population (전에는 그 인구에서 지속될 수 없었던). The advent of agriculture (농업의 출현은), for example (예를 들어), resulted in the transmission of countless disease ( ~ 수많은 질병의 감염의 결과를 낳았다) that require higher human densities (더 높은 인구밀도를 요구하는) than occur in hunter-gathering societies (사냥꾼들이 모여 사는 사회에서 일어나는 것 보다). Malaria is an example of a massive killer (말라리아는 ~ 대규모 살인자의 예이다) that probably took on its modern killer form around five thousand years ago (약 5천 년 전에 이 현대적 살인자의 형태를 아마도 갖었던) with the introduction of settled farming in Africa (아프리카에서 농업의 출현과 더불어). Until settled agriculture (농업이 정착되기까지), hunter-gathering communities in Africa (아프리카에서 사냥꾼이 모여 사는 공동체는) were too small and sparsely settled (너무나 작고 드문드문 정착하여 ~ 없었다) to support the sustained transmission of malaria (말라리아의 지속적인 감염을 지속 시킬 수). Urban life similarly supports the spread of numerous disease (도시 생활은 유사하게 ~ 수많은 질병의 감염을 지탱한다) that require higher population densities (더 높은 인구밀도를 요구하는) than occur in agricultural settlements (농업정착지에서 일어나는 것 보다). Therefore (그러므로), throughout history (역사 내내), when societies achieved breakthroughs in farming (사회가 농업에서 ~ 한 돌파구를 이루웠을 때) that enabled the growth of an urban population (어느 도시인구의 성장을 가능케 한), the initial spread of urbanization (초기의 도시화 확산은) was often set back by bouts of infectious diseases (여러 차례 전염되는 질병에 의해 저지되었다).